聚苯胺微／纳米结构及其应用

导电聚合物微／纳米结构保留了轻质、类金属电导率和可逆化学和电化学特性,又具有纳米材料的高比表面积、尺寸和量子效应,它在电子器件、储能器件、传感器件等领域具有广泛的技术应用前景。其中,由于聚苯胺的制备方法简单、原料易得和独特的质子酸掺杂和脱掺杂机制,使聚苯胺微／纳米结构的可控制备及其应用研究已成为当前导电聚合物研究的热点...     

Pseudo global energy released locally by crack extension involving multiscale reliability

The energy release rate criterion, being mono scale by definition, is incompatible with the failure behavior of solids that are inherently dual, if not, multiscale. Time span of reliability is scale sensitive and can be addressed with consistency only by use of transitional functions that are designed to transform a function from one scale to another. A pseudo transitional energy release rate G^∗ is defined to address the cross-scaling properties of energy release rate. The reliability of such a function is found to fall quickly when the scale range deviates from that of micro-macro. In general, the time span of reliability based on G^* shortens considerably within the nano-micro and pico-nano scale ranges, resulting in fast turnover of system usability. Prediction accuracy tends to be scale range specific. Stress or strain based criteria are also mono scale. They may be adequate for some situations at the macroscopic scale, but can be ambiguous for multiscale problems. These situations are analyzed by application of the principle of least variance in conjunction with the R-integrals.Accelerated test data for the equivalent of 20 years’ fatigue crack growth in 2024-T3 aluminum panels were analyzed using the mutliscale reliability model. A time span plateau within the micro-macro range is from 8 to 17 years. This corresponds to the reliable portion of prediction, while the terminal 3 years are regarded as unreliable. A similar time span plateau were also found from 4 to 6 years within the nano-micro scale range. And an even smaller plateau hovering around 1.2 years were found for the pico-nano scale range. Time span of reliable prediction narrows with down sized scale range. The overlapping ends of the scale ranges are rendered unreliable as anticipated. These regions can be suppressed by the addition of meso scale ranges. Reference can be made to past discussions related to multiscaling and mesomechanics.     

Stabilization of flow boiling in a micro tube with air injection

Air injection as a stabilization method is evaluated for flow boiling in a micro tube. Pyrex glass tube coated by ITO film is employed as a test tube for flow visualization with water as a working fluid. Air bubble and liquid slug lengths are controlled by changing air and liquid mass velocities. Wall temperatures and inlet/outlet pressures show very large fluctuations during flow boiling without air injection. Severe reverse flow is also observed from flow visualization. On the other hand, wall temperature and inlet/outlet pressures as well as visualized flow patterns become very stable with air injection. In addition, much higher heat transfer coefficients are obtained for air injected cases. It is observed from the flow visualization that the flow becomes much stable and shows regular patterns.     

X射线光谱在生命起源和全球气候变化等若干重大科学问题中的研究进展

生命起源、全球气候变化等是关系到人类未来命运的重大科学问题,X射线光谱（XRS）可原位测定物质组成与元素形态,在解决重大科学问题、揭示自然规律中发挥了重要作用：（1）在生命起源探索中,通过RNA结构和海洋热液自养体系元素形态分析,揭示了RNA形成机制和生物地球化学规律;（2）在地球早期生命研究中,通过沉积纹层、细胞组构测定,发现了远古生物保存机制与证据;（3）在全球碳循环研究中,通过物相与元素形态分析,揭示了铁源生物有效性与碳汇机制。利用XRS从微纳米尺度原位测定元素三维空间分布与形态,实现活体分析蛋白质信息传递与生物响应过程,探索元素与有机质构效关系,揭示生命起源与生物代谢机制及全球气候变化规律,是XRS未来发展中的重要领域;作为冶金、材料、地质、文物、工矿、生态、环境、医学与生命科学等领域中的重要分析手段,XRS所特有的无损、原位与活体分析特性,已呈现了巨大应用价值,在未来探索重大科学问题、解决关键技术难点的研究中,X射线光谱分析技术必将发挥更大作用。     

等离子体合成射流能量效率及工作特性研究

基于等离子体激励器工作过程中气体放电的焦耳加热作用, 并结合局部热力学平衡等离子体物理假设, 开展了等离子体合成射流三维唯象数值研究, 获得了完整工作周期内等离子体合成射流流场发展演变过程. 研究结果表明, 单次能量沉积建立的自维持周期性射流中存在有实现激励器腔体"充分" 回填的最大脉冲工作频率––饱和频率. 大的能量沉积、小的激励器出口直径和相同腔体体积下大的径高比都可以产生速度更高的射流, 而射流速度的提高会伴随有饱和频率的降低. 一个饱和周期内, 最多约有16%的初始腔内气体喷出, 吸气复原仅能实现初始腔体质量90%左右的回填.一个大气压条件下, 容性电源供能的等离子体合成射流激励器电能向气体热能和射流动能的转化效率分别约为5%和1.6%. 关键词： 等离子体激励器 合成射流 能量效率 饱和频率     

微通道冷却器的数值分析

微通道热沉是制作在硅芯片基底背面的微细通道,其水力直径范围为10～1 000 μm.微通道具有高表面积-体积比、低热阻、低流量等特点,是一种高效散热的解决方案.一个典型应用是激光二极管列阵的致冷.然而,微通道里流体的状态和传热与宏观状态相比有很大不同,有必要开展进一步研究.论文采用商业软件CoventorWareTM建立一个平板式微通道的有限元模型,据此对微通道中流体状态及传热进行了数值计算,获得了单个微通道中流场和温度的分布.结果表明,对于2 000 μm×50 μm×500 μm的微通道,能够对500 W/cm2的热通量快速散热,热阻仅有0.042 3 K/(W·cm-2).     

A research into moment actuator by using mechanic-electric analogous method

I.IntroductionInordertocontroltheemissionofthestructurebornenoise,itisnecessarytostudythedifferentphysicalcharacteristicqualltitiesonrotationaldegreesoffreedombesidesthoseontranslationaldegreesoffreedom,duetothemulti-degreesoffreedomoftheemission.Amongthemthemomentmobilityisthemostimportalltone.Inrecentyears,adirectexcitationtechniqueforthemomenthasbeendevelopedbyacollaborattheresearchprojectbetweenShalltouUniversityandLiverpoolUniversity.Thernome11tmobilityisobtainedbyusingamomentactuatorwh…     

主动光学技术在制造标准大反射镜中的应用

介绍了利用主动光学技术校正大型标准反射镜残余面形误差和重力变形的方法 ,研制了用于施加局部作用力的工具———机械式作动器的结构与性能 ,作用力的测定方法 ;位于不同位置的作用力引起的镜面变形量的测定与分析 ,与镜面最小面形误差对应的作动器作用力控制矩阵的求解等。对一块Φ2 30mm、中心厚 18mm、R880mm、玻璃材料为K 9的标准球面镜进行了面形误差校正实验 ,取得了较明显的校正效果。     

微透镜阵列的铸塑复制技术

在光刻热熔成型以及电铸复制得到的微透镜阵列镍板基础上,采用静态铸塑技术,得到了高质量的PMMA微透镜阵列。本文介绍了静态铸塑的聚合反应理论基础、模具设计以及工艺过程。最后对微透镜阵列的复制精度进行分析,结果表明复制精度优于0.5μm.     

催化分光光度法测定油品中的微量铁

在稀硫酸介质中，铁（Ⅲ）能催化过氧化氢氧化中性红使其褪色。本文对轻油的消化条件进行了考察。轻、重油品分别经消化、灰化后可直接测定。摩尔吸收系数３．４×１０５Ｌ·ｃｍ－１·ｍｏｌ－１，检出限为０．０４－０．０５μｇ／２５ｍＬ，加标回收率为９９．５％－１０１．７％。