基于高压制备液相的多维色谱技术在中药分离纯化中的应用

中药物质基础复杂,对其活性成分的分离一直是中药研究的难题.基于高压制备液相的多维色谱系统在高压制备液相色谱的基础上,结合了多种分离技术,极大地提高了色谱系统的分离性能和分离效率,更有利于对物质基础复杂的中药样品进行分离纯化.本文介绍了基于高压制备液相系统的多维色谱系统的基本原理、分离模式以及关键技术,并综述了其在中药分离纯化中的应用.     

基于熵权灰色关联分析的高校技术交易行为评价——以A高校为例

首先建立了针对高校技术交易评价的指标体系.结合所要研究的问题,说明了如何使用熵值法对评价指标进行赋权,并通过灰色关联度方法进行评价.然后,应用建立的评价方法结合A高校2006-2013年间技术交易的统计数据,对A高校技术交易的总体情况进行了客观评价,为高校技术交易管理提供了有价值的参考.     

基于组织进入、退出和合作的技术创新网络演化模型

技术创新网络是企业、大学、研究机构等相关组织基于共同的技术创新目标而建立起来的一种网络组织形式,像其他生命体一样存在着萌芽、成长、成熟和衰退的生命周期.网络的演化与网络成员的行为密切相关,在分析组织进入网络、增加合作和退出网络机制的基础上构建了技术创新网络演化模型,研究不同演化阶段的特征.理论推导和仿真结果表明:技术创新网络整个生命周期中保持着无标度特性;组织进入网络、增加合作和退出网络的速度决定了技术创新网络的生命周期以及其所处生命周期的阶段.     

基于产品需求替代的两级供应链牛鞭效应分析

考虑两种产品需求替代下的自回归移动平均时间序列,零售商采用最小均方差技术预测市场需求,以订货点法确定订货量的两级供应链牛鞭效应量化模型,并对该模型牛鞭效应的大小及其影响因素进行理论分析和算例验证,研究表明:1)需求替代情形下牛鞭效应的表达式对有无需求替代的情况都适用;2)替代系数对被替代产品的牛鞭效应无影响,对替代产品的牛鞭效应有影响,并且替代系数同替代产品的牛鞭效应变化方向一致;3)需求替代情形下缩短提前期并不一定能减少替代和被替代产品的牛鞭效应.     

端炔基对水溶液中聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)相转变的影响

通过原子转移自由基聚合,制备出低分子量、窄分布、端炔基的线形聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(alkynylPNIPAM),利用高灵敏示差扫描微量热技术,在升—降温循环过程中确定端炔基对alkynyl-PNIPAM相转变行为的影响.结果显示,随循环次数增加,升温热容曲线明显变宽,降温热容曲线由双峰逐渐变为单峰;升温和降温的相转变温度有逐渐降低的趋势,但焓变的变化很小.聚合物的低的分子量使端基效应不可忽视,alkynylPNIPAM的端炔基可诱导分子链聚集,形成小的端基聚集体,由于这些聚集体中链内和链间氢键作用,链构象调整变得困难,导致PNIPAM链在升温时更易塌缩、降温时更难解离.     

Aryl Radical Geometry Determines Nanographene Formation on Au(111)

The Ullmann coupling has been used extensively as a synthetic tool for the formation of C?C bonds on surfaces. Thus far, most syntheses made use of aryl bromides or aryl iodides. We investigated the applicability of an aryl chloride in the bottom‐up assembly of graphene nanoribbons. Specifically, the reactions of 10,10′‐dichloro‐9,9′‐bianthryl (DCBA) on Au(111) were studied. Using atomic resolution non‐contact AFM, the structure of various coupling products and intermediates were resolved, allowing us to reveal the important role of the geometry of the intermediate aryl radicals in the formation mechanism. For the aryl chloride, cyclodehydrogenation occurs before dehalogenation and polymerization. Due to their geometry, the planar bisanthene radicals display a different coupling behavior compared to the staggered bianthryl radicals formed when aryl bromides are used. This results in oligo‐ and polybisanthenes with predominantly fluoranthene‐type connections.     

Characterizing STEM Teacher Education: Affordances and Constraints of Explicit STEM Preparation for Elementary Teachers

Although science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education sits at the center of a national conversation, comparatively little attention has been given to growing need for STEM teacher preparation, particularly at the elementary level. This study analyzes the outcomes of a novel, preservice STEM teacher education model. Building on both general and STEM‐specific teacher preparation principles, this program combined two traditional mathematics and science methods courses into one STEM block. Analysis compared preservice teachers in the traditional courses with those enrolled in the STEM block, investigating STEM teaching efficacy, reported and exhibited pedagogical practices, and STEM literacies using a pre‐post survey as well as analysis of lesson planning products. Linear regression models indicated that substantial growth was seen in both approaches but STEM block preservice teachers reported significantly greater gains in STEM teaching efficacy as compared with traditional‐route teachers. Lesson planning artifacts also demonstrated increased facilitation of STEM literacies, with specific attention to content integration, engineering and design, and arts inclusion. Technology and computational thinking emerged as areas for further growth and clarification in STEM teacher education models. Findings contribute to a growing research base on developing the STEM teacher workforce.     

基于单帧变形条纹的物体三维位移和速度测量

用隔行扫描摄像机采集到的运动物体单帧变形条纹测量三维位移和速度.该方法将一帧变形条纹分成两个单场,利用傅里叶变换轮廓术重建三维面形,从单场条纹的调制度中提取二值化模板,计算质心获得亚像素匹配定位点,通过双三次插值和标定,实现了一个场周期时间内三个维度上的位移和平均速度的测量.匀速运动物体实验结果表明:被测速度的最大绝对误差为0.6 mm/s,相对误差为0.57%.该方法仅用一帧变形条纹即可测量运动物体的三维位移和速度,提高了时间分辨率和测量准确度.