液相沉淀法制备稀土-锆固溶体及其性能研究

采用液相沉淀法制备了Ce0.6Zr0.3La0.05Y0.05O2固溶体。通过BET,XRD,SEM,程序升温还原和氧脉冲吸附等方法对合成产品性能进行了表征。研究了前驱体的形态、高温水热处理、表面处理以及后期固溶体的还原处理对固溶体性能的影响。其中前驱体的高温水热处理和固溶体的还原处理对固溶体的催化性能有很大的影响。200℃水热处理制得的固溶体经1000℃老化4 h后,比表面积为25.3 m2.g-1,孔容为0.21 cm3.g-1,经800℃还原处理3 h后储氧量为478.3μmol.g-1,显示了较高的比表面积和储氧能力的高温稳定性。     

新型红色荧光粉Na2Ca4(PO4)2SiO4:Eu3+,Bi3+的制备及发光特性

用高温固相法合成了用于白光LED的Na2Ca4(1-x-y)(PO4)2SiO4:xEu3+,yBi3+红色荧光粉.研究了助熔剂H3BO3、二次煅烧时间和稀土掺杂量等制备条件对样品发光性质的影响.结果表明,在1 200℃、助熔剂H3BO3加入量为样品质量的3.8%时可得到更有利于发光的α-NCPS基质,而且掺入Eu3+...     

新型红色荧光粉Na2Ca4(PO4)2SiO4:Eu3+,Bi3+的制备及发光特性

用高温固相法合成了用于白光LED的Na2Ca4(1-x-y)(PO4)2SiO4:xEu3+,yBi3+红色荧光粉.研究了助熔剂H3BO3、二次煅烧时间和稀土掺杂量等制备条件对样品发光性质的影响.结果表明,在1 200℃、助熔剂H3BO3加入量为样品质量的3.8%时可得到更有利于发光的α-NCPS基质,而且掺入Eu3+、Bi3+之后,基质的晶格结构没有发生明显变化;适宜的二次煅烧时间为1.5 h.Bi3+的共掺杂可以通过能量传递大幅提高Eu3+的发光强度,当Eu3+、Bi3+的摩尔分数分别为x=0.04和y=0.01时,粉体具有最强的红光发射.表明这种荧光粉是一种可很好用于近紫外芯片的白光LED的红色荧光粉.     

Structures and luminescence properties of Yb3＋ in the double perovskites Ba2YB＇O6 （B＇=Ta5＋, Nb5＋） phosphors

The Yb³⁺ doped Ba₂YB'O₆ (B'=Ta⁵⁺, Nb⁵⁺) were prepared by high temperature solid-state reaction method, their structures were determined by x-ray diffraction and refined by Rietveld method. The diffuse reflection absorption, excitation and emission spectra of Yb³⁺:Ba₂YB'O₆ (B'=,Ta⁵⁺, Nb⁵⁺) were measured at room temperature. Under the excitation of ultraviolet light, these phosphors exhibit broad charge transfer band emissions of TaO₆ or NbO₆ centre with large Stokes shift. The Yb³⁺ doped into these hosts are situated at Y³⁺ sites of cubic symmetry (O_h). The experimental energy levels of Yb³⁺ in Ba₂YTaO₆ and Ba₂YNbO₆ were determined by photoluminescence and diffuse reflection absorption spectra. Their wavefunctions and theoretical energy levels were obtained by diagonalising the Hamiltonian matrix. The experimental energy levels were fitted by Levenberg--Marquardt iteration algorithm to determine crystal field parameters. Then, the magnetic-pole transition line strengths of Yb³⁺:Ba₂YB'O₆(B'=Ta⁵⁺, Nb⁵⁺) from (²F_5/2)Γ₈^- to the low-energy states were calculated.     

测量爆炸火焰真温的多光谱温度计的研制

研制了一种可用于大型爆炸现场的、测量爆炸火焰真温的多目标多光谱温度计.此温度计在爆炸的瞬间,同时对棱镜分光后的多个光谱带下的爆炸火焰辐射能量进行采集,利用二次测量法得出爆炸火焰的真温及发射率.在光路中采用了光纤远传技术和光纤耦合技术,极大程度上解决了仪器核心部分的防震、防爆、防电磁干扰的问题.采用高速采集和多级放大解决了爆炸时间短、温度变化剧烈、信号难于采集的问题,同时采用无线远传的结构保证了工作人员的安全.     

纤维增强地聚物混凝土高温后抗折性能

以粉煤灰为原材料,并在其中掺入了玄武岩纤维短切丝,制备了玄武岩纤维增强地聚物混凝土,测试了其抗压和抗折强度,并研究了高温(400℃,600℃和800℃)作用对其抗折强度的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜对其微观结构进了观察和分析。试验结果表明,掺入玄武岩纤维切丝后,混凝土的抗压强度提高约25%,抗折强度提高超过10%;高温作用后,混凝土的抗折强度显著降低,纤维的增强效果也随着温度的升高明显减弱,在600℃后几乎失去增强效果。显微分析显示,纤维丝的存在能有效限制混凝土砂浆中裂缝的开展;高温后,混凝土内部的骨料强度降低,在加载时多被压碎,因而混凝土的强度具有较大幅度的降低,抵消了纤维的增强效果。     

高温X-射线衍射法考察分子筛的热稳定性——Ⅰ、硅磷酸铝分子筛(SAPO)

用高温X-射线衍射法考察了四种具有不同孔径SAPO型分子筛的热稳定性。结果表明,具有较大孔径的SAPO-5与SAPO-11在1000℃时骨架仍没有明显破坏,其热稳定性优于具有较小孔径的SAPO-34与SAPO-20;由Zn或Mg杂原子取代SAPO-34骨架上的Si原子后,其热稳定性明显下降;ZSM-5,ALPO_4-5以及SAPO-5三种具有孔径大小相近分子筛的热稳定性依次下降。此外,分子筛在低角区的XRD峰强度对吸附水汽十分敏感。     

Effect of Metallic Film in Diamond Growth from an Fe—Ni—C System at High Temperature and High Pressure

The metallic film surrounding a diamond single crystal,which plays an important role the diamond growth from and Fe-Ni-C system,has been successfully investigated by using transmission-electron microscopy(TEM),Raman layer(near diamond)of the film by TEM and Raman spectroscopy,but a parallel relationship exists between the(111) plane of γ-(Fe,Ni) and the (100) plane of (Fe2Ni)3C in this region.Compared with that of the film has an increase of 0.9V.According to the microstructures on the film obtained by the TEM.Raman spectra,and XPS,the catalytic mechanism of the film may be assumed as follows.In the surface layer of the film,iron and nickel atoms in the γ-(Fe,Ni) lattice can absorb carbon atoms in the (Fe,Ni)3C lattice and make them transform to an sp^3-like state.Then carbon atoms with the sp^3-like structure are separated from the (Fe,Ni)3C and stack on the growing diamond crystal.This study provides a direct evidence for the diamond growth from a metallic catlayst-graphite system under high temperature and high pressure.     

等容条件下H2O-CO2-CH4混合流体的高温拉曼光谱就位分析

 以合成包裹体作为腔体，用显微激光拉曼探针就位分析了H₂O-CO₂-CH₄混合流体的高温特性。研究结果表明，在高温下，CH₄和CO₂相互之间对各自拉曼光谱的影响不大，水分子对它们的拉曼峰有比较大的影响。在等容条件下，流体均一前，随着温度的升高，水分子的氢键几乎呈线性减少，均一为气相的流体，水分子伸缩振动拉曼峰的变化与一般气体变化相似；随着温度升高，体系压力的增加，最大峰频率呈很微小的降低趋势。均一为液相的流体中的水分子，在均一温度时，氢键变化发生了转折，均一后流体中水分子的氢键受温度的影响比均一前明显要小，在测量的最高温度520 ℃，水分子存在着一定的氢键作用。一直到拉曼光谱测量的最高温度580 ℃还未均一的流体，液相中水分子存在比较强的氢键作用。