An Optimal Analysis for 3D Flow of Prandtl Nanofluid with Convectively Heated Surface

In this paper,the magnetohydrodynamic 3 D flow of Prandtl nanoliquid subject to convectively heated extendable surface has been discussed.A linear stretching surface makes the flow.Thermophoretic and Brownian motion impacts are explored.Heat transfer for convective procedure is considered.Prandtl liquid is taken electrically conducted through applied magnetic field.Suitable non-dimensional variables lead to strong nonlinear ordinary differential system.The obtained nonlinear differential systems are solved through optimal homotopic technique.Physical quantities like skin friction coefficients and Nusselt number are explored via plots.It is observed that effects of Hartman parameter and Biot number on temperature and concentration are quite similar.Both temperature and concentration are enhanced for larger values of Hartman parameter and Biot number.     

“三维立体”教学设计在中药化学中的应用

立足三维立体教学目标,结合中药化学的学科特点,从课程特点、学情分析、三维教学目标、重点与难点、教学策略、教学手段、教学过程、教学评价与反思等8个方面阐述三维立体式教学设计在中药化学中的应用。     

Linear spatial instability analysis in 3D boundary layers using plane-marching 3D-LPSE

It is widely accepted that a robust and efficient method to compute the linear spatial amplified rate ought to be developed in three-dimensional (3D) boundary layers to predict the transition with the e ^N method, especially when the boundary layer varies significantly in the spanwise direction. The 3D-linear parabolized stability equation (3D-LPSE) approach, a 3D extension of the two-dimensional LPSE (2D-LPSE), is developed with a plane-marching procedure for investigating the instability of a 3D boundary layer with a significant spanwise variation. The method is suitable for a full Mach number region, and is validated by computing the unstable modes in 2D and 3D boundary layers, in both global and local instability problems. The predictions are in better agreement with the ones of the direct numerical simulation (DNS) rather than a 2D-eigenvalue problem (EVP) procedure. These results suggest that the plane-marching 3D-LPSE approach is a robust, efficient, and accurate choice for the local and global instability analysis in 2D and 3D boundary layers for all free-stream Mach numbers.     

Investigation of horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) blade threedimensional rotational effect based on field experiments

Field experiments are performed on a two-bladed 33 kW horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT). The pressures are measured with 191 pressure sensors positioned around the surfaces of seven spanwise section airfoils on one of the two blades. Three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulations are performed, respectively, on the rotor and the seven airfoils of the blade. The results are compared with the experimental results of the pressure distribution on the seven airfoils and the lift coefficients. The 3D rotational effect on the blade aerodynamic characteristics is then studied with a numerical approach. Finally, some conclusions are drawn as follows. From the tip to the root of the blade, the experimental differential pressure of the blade section airfoil increases at first and then decreases gradually. The calculated 3D result of the pressure distribution on the blade surface is closer to that of the experiment than the 2D result. The 3D rotational effect has a significant impact on the blade surface flow and the aerodynamic load, leading to an increase of the differential pressure on the airfoils and their lift coefficient than that with the 2D one because of the stall delay. The influence of the 3D rotational effect on the wind turbine blade especially takes place on the sections with flow separation.     

Unsteady MHD flow over exponentially stretching sheet with slip conditions

The present paper examines the hydromagnetic three-dimensional flow induced by a stretched surface. An incompressible material saturates the porous medium. Velocity and thermal slip boundary conditions are considered. Suitable transformations are used to obtain the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Series solutions of the resulting systems are constructed. The effects of various pertinent parameters on the axial velocity and temperature distributions are analyzed graphically. The skin friction and the Nusselt number are computed numerically and graphically.     

环形方管道中爆轰胞格的三维研究

通过实验和三维数值模拟研究了爆轰波在环形管道内的传播。实验采用烟迹板记录了爆轰波的胞格结构。数值模拟基于带化学反应的三维Euler方程,采用五阶精度的WENO格式捕捉激波,采用具有TVD性质的三阶Runge-Kutta法处理时间项,并结合并行技术,对爆轰波的传播进行了数值研究。结果表明,环形管道外壁为收敛壁面,由于其对流场的压缩效应,外壁面及附近的胞格较小,且较均匀。而内壁为发散壁面,其对流场起稀疏效应,内壁面及附近的胞格较大,且呈周期性变化。同时, 不同壁面的胞格结构均出现了拍波(slapping wave),其形状呈弯曲的折线。     

三维单芯片多处理器温度特性

给出热阻矩阵的表达式,研究三维单芯片多处理器(3D CMP,three-dimensional chip-multiprocessor)的温度特性,通过Matlab分析热容、热阻和功耗对温度的影响.结果表明:减小热阻和功耗可以有效约束3D-CMP的稳态温度;热容增大可以导致3D-CMP温度上升时间变长,但不影响其最终稳态温度.     

采用变焦液体透镜的共焦检测系统的设计与仿真

共焦显微技术越来越广泛地应用于微机电系统和半导体器件的三维轮廓测量。设计一种新型采用变焦透镜作为轴向扫描方式的共焦显微系统,利用变焦透镜的焦距变化来代替传统的轴向位移扫描。系统实现了无机械运动的轴向扫描,消除了传统共焦系统中由位移台移动带来的振动,不仅减小了系统的复杂度,而且降低了成本。进一步设计了基于位移台和变焦透镜的两种共焦检测系统,并且对其进行了仿真实验。实验结果表明:基于位移台和基于变焦透镜的共焦系统的聚焦成像和离焦成像结果类似,并且光强的轴向分布曲线也基本相同,表明此方法可行。     

非定常激波三维双楔面反射的数值研究

采用基于MUSCL-Hancock插值的有限体积方法, 在非结构自适应网格上求解三维Euler方程, 研究了非定常激波在三维垂直双楔面上的反射现象. 研究结果表明, 由于三维效应的影响, 通过二维非定常激波反射理论预测的三维马赫反射区域范围存在着一定的局限, 在该区域范围内出现了一种非典型的三维突起结构, 即第二类三维马赫干. 另外, 对于不同的激波马赫数和楔面倾角组合, 非定常激波在三维双楔面上会形成具有四波结构的三维马赫反射或具有三波结构的三维规则反射.      

Some explicit formulas of Lyapunov exponents for three-dimensional quadratic mappings

This paper shows that there exist six different cases where it is possible to find rigorously a Lyapunov exponent for three-dimensional quadratic mappings. Some elementary examples are also given and discussed.