无焰燃烧烟密度标准物质的研制

介绍无焰燃烧烟密度标准物质的研制方法。选用合适的α-纤维素作为原材料,经打浆造纸后,作为标准物质候选物,经均匀性检验和稳定性考察合格后,对标准物质进行定值。在无焰燃烧条件下烟密度标准物质的标准值为175,扩展不确定度为8;校正烟密度标准物质的标准值为166,扩展不确定度为8。     

Quality assurance in research laboratories

During the last decade, it has become increasingly important that researchers demonstrate that research is conducted to the highest standards. The implementation of quality assurance for research laboratories will enable all fields of research and development to be judged impartially. There are no specific standards for research laboratories but where possible, existing standards can be adapted. This review is structured around two approaches. The first considers research to be a logical extension of testing, and it is assumed that testing standards can be applied methodically to each step in a research project. The second advocates a flexible approach, with research-specific criteria for assessing quality. The important papers published on this topic have been reviewed. The conclusions are that the general quality management approach, encompassed by the ISO 9000 series of standards with the emphasis on customer satisfaction and ‘fitness for purpose’, is suitable for implementing quality assurance in research laboratories.     

Quantitation in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry

CE-MS has evolved into a strong alternative to LC-MS. Most of CE-MS applications deal with characterization and identification. However, quantitative aspects have gained importance in, e.g., pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. Here we summarize and evaluate various methodological aspects in order to achieve sensitive and reproducible results. Similar to LC-MS, aspects of matrix influence on the electrospray process need to be carefully addressed when quantitative results are intended by CE-MS. Due to a more complicated coupling special emphasis needs to be put on the CE-MS interface. Generally linearity over more than three orders of magnitude can be achieved by CE-ESI-MS. Furthermore, a literature survey has been performed in order to give an overview over quantitative measurements performed by CE-MS. The precision can be doubled when changing from a structural related to an isotopically labeled internal standard. Thus a level of precision better than 5% RSD can be achieved.     

毗邻沙漠地区微分博弈模型与宏观环境治理策略研究

工业化发展导致了脆弱的土地进一步沙漠化,沙漠地区政府应综合考虑经济发展与土地沙漠化导致的生态质量降低。通过构建两个沙漠化地区微分博弈模型,研究了两个地区的沙漠治理问题。研究结果表明,提高工业生产排放技术或沙漠治理技术均能够提高均衡经济产出水平,在工业生产收益系数较高的情况下也能够提高沙漠治理投入水平,并且两种技术提高存在交互效应;只有对生产排放技术水平和沙漠治理技术水平较高的地区,延长地方政府领导任期有利于沙漠治理;实现沙漠完全治理情况下控制土地再沙化的治理投入低于控制沙漠稳定在一定规模的治理投入。     

基于储量结构变化的油田开发指标预测与优化数学模型研究

大型油田开发过程中,随着不同类型新储量的不断投入,地质储量结构发生变化,表征油田整体开发技术与经济效果的关键性指标,如产量、可采储量、采收率、储采比、开发成本与操作成本等等也随之改变,其变化规律可用一套数学模型来描述。在开发指标预测基础上,运用多属性决策方法如TOPSIS,可以实现新投产区块组合方案的优选。应用实例表明,本文方法实用、操作性强,可以为油区开发决策提供重要方法与手段。     

我国军用标准物质汇集

简要概述了标准物质的发展状况,汇集了军工所需的并经国家技术监督局审批发布的一级标准物质及其研制单位。     

铜中杂质成分标准物质的研制

介绍铜中9种杂质成分标准物质的研制方法。以1号纯铜为基体，配入硫、铁、铅、锌、镍、铋、锑、磷、砷及锡共10种杂质成分，采用雾化喷粉加工工艺，保证了样品的均匀性。对样品表面作了抗氧化保护处理。采取多家实验室协作定值的方式对除砷外的9种杂质成分进行定值。5年的跟踪检验结果表明，该标准物质稳定性良好。     

精品课程教材《高分子物理实验》建设的体会——三个及时融入

中国科学技术大学"高分子物理实验"课程是2006年安徽省精品课程,作者结合教学研究和精品课程建设经验,总结出了"三个及时融入"的教材建设理念,本文结合实例对该理念的具体含义进行了阐述.     

微量元素对胎儿发育影响的临床研究

为了解小于胎龄儿的血锌、铜、铅的变化 ,对 3 8例小于胎龄儿 (其中 1 2例有先天缺陷 )进行了血锌、铜、铅三种微量元素检测 ,并与 3 1例健康足月适于胎龄儿比较。结果表明 ,3 8例小于胎龄儿血锌、铜、铅结果分别为 49 4± 1 9 88μmol/L、 1 0 7± 3 3 μmol/L、 1 5± 0 83 μmol/L ;与正常对照组 (分别为 62 3 9± 1 5 2 9μmol/L、 1 1 0 2± 1 73 μmol/L、 0 82± 0 3 9μmol/L)比较 ,血锌明显低于正常组 ,t=-2 88,P <0 0 1 ;血铅明显高于对照组 ,t =4 6,P <0 0 1 ,有显著性差异。两组血铜无明显差异。小于胎龄儿血锌降低 ,血铅增高 ,而且其先天性缺陷者占3 5 .5 8% ,证明胎儿的低锌高铅状态对其生长发育有重要影响。     

微量元素锌促进儿童生长发育临床研究

报道以微量元素锌治疗缺锌患儿１１８例并与１１４例作对照观察．结果发现，衡量生长发育与营养的敏感指标：身高、体重、血清白蛋白及血色素等参数，治疗组比对照组都显著提高（Ｐ值＜０．０１）．证明锌制剂对缺锌儿童有显著的促进生长发育及改善营养状态作用，作者并对锌的作用机理作了论述．