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71.
A.A. Ahmed I.M. Youssof A.F. Abbas O. Abou Eleinen 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1998,13(1-3):753-756
The chemical durability of lead glass tumblers (24% PbO) in a 4% (v/v) acetic acid solution before and after coating with sol-gel derived SiO2 films was assessed to determine the extent of reduction in Pb-leaching that can be achieved. It was found that by coating the internal surface of the glass tumblers with 1 ml of 10% TEOS solutions at 100°C and densifying the coating formed at 500°C for 1 h, it was possible to reduce Pb-leaching to about one quarter of that of the uncoated glass. 相似文献
72.
Homogeneous mixed-metal oxides of the general formula (Bi/E/Si)O
x
, where E represents a dopant element (E=Sb, Sn, or Sb/Sn), can be prepared using typical sol-gel processing techniques. Reduction of the in-situ Bi(III) and E ions by hydrogen affords nanocomposites of Bi-Sb, Bi-Sn, or Bi-Sb-Sn widely dispersed throughout the silica xerogel matrix. The materials prepared have high Bi-E metal loading of 52–60 wt. % containing Bi-E alloy nanoclusters of 12–15 nm average diameter. These results demonstrate a convenient method for the production of practical quantities of nanostructured bismuth alloy ceramic composites at high metal content. 相似文献
73.
Ormosils are well-known organic-inorganic sol-gel derived materials also called heteropolysiloxanes. This paper presents two basic heteropolysiloxane structures where the organic part is either a short organic chain bridging two silicon atoms for the first material or an organic polymer backbone for the second. Their synthesis is detailed and a variety of experimental techniques (IR, 13C and 29Si NMR and CP-MAS NMR, GPC) have been employed to investigate the chemical structure of these new materials. Their mechanical properties, more precisely their viscoelastic behaviour, have been evaluated using dynamic rheological techniques. The storage and loss moduli have been followed during the sol-gel transition at fixed and variable oscillation frequencies. The results have been correlated to the 29Si CP-MAS NMR informations concerning the network polycondensation and compared to a pure inorganic sol-gel material prepared from tetraethoxysilane. 相似文献
74.
Shemseddine Fessi Abdelhamid Ghorbel 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2003,26(1-3):837-841
In this work, the metal dispersion of the Pd/Al2O3 catalyst prepared by sol-gel method is improved by an adequate optimisation of the preparative variables. First, the gelation temperature and the ageing time are selected, in order to avoid the reduction of the metal precursor (palladium acetylacetonate, Pd(acac)2) by the solvent (sec-butanol, sB). The metal sintering effect on the catalysts treated in oxygen at 500°C is then minimized when the alumina pore size is controlled by the variation of the alumium alkoxide (AsB) concentration and the acetic acid amount ([AcA]/[AsB]). The appearance of new palladium particles on the alumina surface and the matching between the particle diameters and the pore sizes were also effective for the metallic surface area improvement on the samples treated in oxygen at 800°C. Compared to the reference catalysts, the higher metal dispersion obtained on the sol-gel ones was the determinant factor for their higher catalytic activity in methane combustion. 相似文献
75.
H.?Hussain H.?U.?Rehman Z.?AhmadEmail author 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2005,36(3):239-248
Nano-composites from aramid-silica system have been prepared via sol-gel process. Poly (phenyleneterephthalamide) copolymer
chains were prepared by reacting a mixture of p- and m-phenylenediamines with terephthaloyl chloride in dimethylacetamide used as solvent. The sol-gel process in the polymer
matrix was carried out through hydrolysis and condensation of a mixture of tetraethoxysilane and (3-glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane.
The latter was used to develop linkage, on one hand with silica network structure using alkoxy groups and on the other hand
with aramid chains at its secondary amine groups through glycidal groups of silane. Mutual interaction between the two disparate
phases aramid and silica network was thus created. Thin films of the composites containing different proportions of silica
ranging from 5.0 to 25.0-wt% were cast by the solvent elution technique. The α-relaxation temperature associated with the
glass transition was measured by the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The results showed an increase in the glass transition
temperature from 328°C for the pure aramid to 352°C for the hybrid materials containing 25-wt% silica, an indicative of the
increased interfacial interaction between the two phases. Films having relatively low silica content were flexible and transparent,
but those with high silica content were opaque and brittle. These films were tested for their tensile strength, modulus and
toughness. The mechanical strength of the composites as compared to the pure aramid increased initially but with further addition
of silica the strength decreased. The initial increase can be explained due to increased interfacial interaction between the
two phases, however agglomeration of silica particles was responsible for decreasing strength at higher silica contents. 相似文献
76.
Klaus Rose Vlastimil MatĚjec Milos Hayer Marie PospiŠilovÁ 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1998,13(1-3):729-733
Various types of UV-curable organically modified siloxanes have been synthesized by the sol-gel method with the aim of fabricating chemically sensitive coatings for silica optical fibers. The refractive index of the coating material can be tailored in the range from 1.46 to 1.56 and sensitivity towards CO2 is achieved by incorporation of amino groups. The interaction of the cured layers with CO2 or with hydrocarbons has been studied in immersion experiments. Both the reaction of CO2 with incorporated amino groups and the penetration of hydrocarbons into the layer induce changes of the light absorption coefficient and the refractive index of the coating which are detected by measuring the output light intensity from the fiber. 相似文献
77.
Lj.?Radonji 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2005,79(3):487-492
Summary The subject of this study was to investigate the effect of fluoride ions addition on the temperature of sol gel mullite formation based on the hypotheses that the presence of fluoride ions can decrease the temperature of mullite formation (in respect to common 980°C, in sol-gel processing). Polymeric sols were prepared by mixing TEOS and aluminum nitrate nanohydrate and by adding fluoride ions (from 2 to 5 mass%). DTA, TG, XRD and SEM were used for characterisation of mullite gel and crystalline mullite. The experimental results confirmed that the addition of fluoride ions decrease the temperature of mullite formation up to 890°C for the fluorine concentration of 3.5 mass%. Experimental results showed that the temperature of mullite formation is not a simple function of the fluoride ion content. The mechanism of fluorine effect was discussed in terms of the gelling process, gel structure and the phase separation before the mullite formation. 相似文献
78.
稀土掺杂PbO2电极的制备及催化性能研究 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:8
以SnCl4.5H2O,Sb2O3,La(NO3)3(或Nd(NO3))为前驱体(摩尔比分别为Sn∶Sb∶La(Nd)=100∶6∶(0.5,1,2),制备稀土(La,Nd)掺杂Sn,Sb溶胶,以钛电极为基体,用溶胶-凝胶法制备稀土(La,Nd)掺杂SnO2中间层,热处理温度为450和500℃,热处理时间共5 h;采用电沉积法制备PbO2表面层,得到改性PbO2阳极,优化了制备改性PbO2电极的稀土掺杂量。以含油污水为目标有机物,借助于CODCr去除情况分析电极的电催化氧化能力;分析了电极结构与电催化特性之间的关系。采用SEM和XRD分析了制备电极的表面形貌、晶体结构并通过电化学工作站对其析氧电位进行了表征分析。结果表明,中间层掺杂La元素的电极,掺杂比为Sn∶Sb∶La=100∶6∶1时电极性能最好;而中间层掺杂Nd元素,掺杂比为Sn∶Sb∶Nd=100∶6∶2时电极的性能最好,此比例时电极对目标有机物CODCr去除率分别为91.90%和90.93%。 相似文献
79.
We have encapsulated several hemoproteins in the sol-gel glass to catalyze the oxidation reaction of dibenzothiophene (model
for organic sulfur compounds in coal) with hydrogen peroxide. In addition to cytochrome c and myoglobin, which have previously
been encapsulated in sol-gel glasses, two other hemoproteins, horseradish peroxidase and bovine blood hemoglobin, have now
been successfully immobilized in sol-gel media with the retention of their spectroscopic properties. All four hemoproteins
studied also demonstrate similar catalytic activities toward the oxidation of dibenzothiophene as compared with the results
obtained with the proteins in solution. In the case of encapsulated cytochrome c, the more water-soluble S-oxide was obtained
with much higher selectivity over the less water-soluble sulfone (S-oxide/sulfone = 7.1) as compared to what was obtained
in the aqueous/organic medium (S-oxide/sulfone = 2.3). Because of the advantage of easy separation of the encapsulated proteins
from the liquid reaction mixture, it is clear from these studies that the immobilization of active hemoproteins in the solid
glass media could serve as more practical biocatalysts. 相似文献
80.
M. Chatry M. Henry M. In C. Sanchez J. Livage 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1994,1(3):233-240
The hydrolysis and condensation of zirconium n-propoxide in n-propanol have been chemically controlled via the complexation of the zirconium precursor with acetylacetone. The size of the zirconium oxide-based particles is mainly controlled by the complexation ratio x=[acac]/[Zr]. the mean size increases from nanometric to submicronic range when x decreases from 1 to 0.1. Amorphous colloidal particles are obtained at room temperature. They result from a competitive growth/termination mechanism of zirconium-oxo species in the presence of acac surface capping agents. However non-aggregated nanocrystalline particles of tetragonal zirconia, about 2 nm in diameter are formed upon aging at 60°C when hydrolysis is performed in the presence of paratoluene sulfonic acid (PTSA). 相似文献