Applications of Selenonium Cations as Lewis Acids in Organocatalytic Reactions

The use of trisubstituted selenonium salts as organic Lewis acids in electrophilic halogenation and aldol‐type reactions has been developed. The substrate scope is broad. The reaction conditions are mild and compatible with various functionalities. This study opens a new avenue for the development of nonmetallic Lewis acid catalysis.     

Optimization of capillary zone electrophoresis parameters for selenium speciation

The behaviour of four biologically relevant selenium compounds (Se(VI), Se(IV), selenomethionine and selenocystine) in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was investigated. Parameters which affect the separation, detection and sample introduction were investigated to improve the sensitivity of the analysis. Short-term repeatability was evaluated and detection limits were found to be in the g·l^–1 range.     

碱熔-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法连续测定锑精矿中的砷、铋、硒、锡

建立了氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定锑精矿中砷、铋、硒、锡的方法.研究了基体及共存元素的干扰情况,实验表明,在酒石酸、硫脲-抗坏血酸存在下,适当的增加酸度可以有效地消除干扰.采用Na2O2熔解样品,用HCl酸化,无需分离基体,实现了锑精矿中砷、铋、硒、锡的连续测定,其回收率为90.6%～103.8%,检出限分别为0.35、0.20、0.65和0.35 μg/L.应用该方法分析了锑精矿样品,结果令人满意.     

大米中硒含量的测定

为使人们更好地控制和调节硒的摄入量,用紫外分光光度法测定了大米中的硒含量。样品通过混酸消化,将有机硒转化成无机硒,酸性条件下,Se(Ⅳ)与邻苯二胺反应,产物在335nm有最大吸收峰。测定结果表明,天津小站米、东北米、丝苗米、泰国香米、富硒米的有机硒含量分别为:0.041、0.046、0.035、0.034、2.021μg/g,有机硒含量占总硒含量的比例分别是89.13%、82.14%、87.50%、80.95%、98.92%。富硒米硒含量及有机硒的比例明显高于其它种类的米。     

梅州地区几种蔬菜中硒含量的初步调查

采用原子荧光光度法测定了梅州地区种植的5种农作物生菜、西洋菜、春菜、番薯叶和茶树菇中微量元素硒的含量,为人们在饮食过程中摄入适量的硒,保障人体健康提供参考。     

Synthesis of a new seleninic acid anhydride and mechanistic studies into its glutathione peroxidase activity

Starting from low toxic salicyloylglycine, a new seleninic acid anhydride 7 that lacks SeN or SeO non-bonded interactions was synthesized. This compound exhibits a fourfold higher glutathione peroxidase-like (GPx-like) activity than ebselen and inhibits plant and mammalian 12/15-lipoxygenases at lower micromolar concentrations. Because of these pharmacological properties, 7 may constitute a new lead compound for the development of anti-inflammatory low-molecular-weight seleno-organic compounds. Analyzing the redox products of 7 with glutathione (GSH) and tBuOOH, we identified three potential catalytic cycles (A, B, C) of GPx-like activity that are interconnected by key metabolites. To study the relative contribution of these cycles to the catalytic activity, we prepared selected reaction intermediates and found that the activity of seleninic acid anhydride 7 and of the corresponding diselenide 11 and selenol 14 compounds were in the same range. In contrast, the GPx-like activity of monoselenide 9 was more than one order of magnitude lower. These data suggested that cycles A and B may constitute the major routes of GPx-like activity of 7, whereas cycle C may not significantly contribute to catalysis.     

Contributions from atomic p(Se), d(Se), and f(Se) orbitals to absolute paramagnetic shielding tensors in neutral and charged SeHn and some oxides including the effect of methyl and halogen substitutions on sigmap(Se)

Contributions from atomic p(Se), d(Se), and f(Se) orbitals to sigmap(Se) are evaluated for neutral and charged Se*Hn (*=null, +, or -) and some oxides to build the image of the contributions. The effect of methyl and halogen substitutions is also examined employing RrSe*XxOo (*=null, +, or -) where R=H or Me; X=F, Cl, or Br. The p(Se) contributions are larger than 96 % for SeH- (Cinfinityv), SeH2 (C2v), SeH3 + (C3v), SeH3 + (D3h), and SeH4 (Td). Therefore, sigmap(Se) of these compounds can be analyzed based on p(Se). The p(Se) contributions are 79-75 % for SeH4 (TBP), SeH5 + (TBP), SeH5 + (SP), and SeH5 - (SP). Methyl and halogen substitutions increase the contributions by 1-2 % (per Me) and 4-7 % (per X), respectively. The contributions are 92-79 % for H2SeO (Cs), H2SeO2 (C2v), and H4SeO (C2v). The values are similarly increased by the substitutions. Consequently, sigmap(Se) of these compounds can be analyzed based on p(Se) with some corrections by d(Se). The p(Se) contribution of SeH6 (Oh) is 52 %: sigmap(Se: SeH6 (Oh)) must be analyzed based on both p(Se) and d(Se). The contributions for the Me and X derivatives of SeH(6) amount to 86-77 %. Therefore, sigmap(Se) of the derivatives can also be analyzed mainly based on p(Se) with some corrections by d(Se). Contributions from f(Se) are negligible. Contributions from 4p(Se) in vacant orbitals are also considered. A utility program derived from the Gaussian 03 (NMRANAL-NH03G) is applied to evaluate the contributions.     

Nickel-Catalyzed Electrochemical Synthesis of (Hetero)Aryl Trifluoromethyl Selenides

A convenient and efficient approach for the construction of aryl trifluoromethyl selenoethers from aryl iodides under mild conditions is reported. Electrochemical activation of stable and inexpensive NiBr₂bipy (bipy – bipyridine) complex instead of labile Ni(COD)₂ (COD – cyclooctadiene) catalyst. [NMe₄][SeCF₃] is employed as shelf-stable source of SeCF₃ fragment. The reaction tolerates a wide range of substrates, including modification of drug-like molecules. Cyclic voltammetry studies allow insight into the reaction mechanism.     

A Series of Low-Coordinate Iron Selenido Complexes: Reactivity of a Linear Iron(I) Silylamide towards Selenium

A variety of different low-coordinate iron selenide complexes is reported. These are obtained by reaction of the linear iron(I) silylamide K{18c6}[Fe(N(Dipp)SiMe₃)₂] (Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl) with red selenium. Careful adjustment of the reaction conditions results in the formation of unique low-coordinate selenido iron complexes, namely a monoselenide bridged [2Fe−1Se]²⁺ complex, as well as mononuclear iron per- and triselenides. Further, C−H bond activation of one of the silylamide ligands by a putative terminal iron monoselenide is observed.     

Multifunctional Antioxidants: Regenerable Radical‐Trapping and Hydroperoxide‐Decomposing Ebselenols

Regenerable, multifunctional ebselenol antioxidants were prepared that could quench peroxyl radicals more efficiently than α‐tocopherol. These compounds act as better mimics of the glutathione peroxidase enzymes than ebselen. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in human mononuclear cells was considerably decreased upon exposure to the organoselenium compounds. At a concentration of 25 μm , the ebselenol derivatives showed minimal toxicity in pre‐osteoblast MC3T3 cells.