离子色谱法测定饲料中的甜菜碱

建立了离子色谱法测定饲料中甜菜碱的方法。向饲料样品中加水并超声提取,加入三氯甲烷剧烈振摇,离心取上清液,以离子色谱非抑制电导检测器测定其中的甜菜碱。结果表明,甜菜碱的质量浓度在50~1000 mg/L的范围内与电导率线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9995。甜菜碱的定量限为41 mg/kg,优于国家标准的定量限(200mg/kg),加标回收率为102.4%,重现性的相对标准偏差为1.19%(n=5)。该法可应用于饲料行业的例行检测。     

Gas analyzer for continuous monitoring of trace level methanethiol by microchannel collection and fluorescence detection

The highly odorous compound methanethiol, CH₃SH, is commonly produced in biodegradation of biomass and industrial processes, and is classed as 2000 times more odorous than NH₃. However, there is no simple analytical method for detecting low parts-per-billion in volume ratio (ppbv) levels of CH₃SH. In this study, a micro gas analysis system (μGAS) was developed for continuous or near real time measurement of CH₃SH at ppbv levels. In addition to a commercial fluorescence detector, a miniature high sensitivity fluorescence detector was developed using a novel micro-photomultiplier tube device. CH₃SH was collected by absorption into an alkaline solution in a honeycomb-patterned microchannel scrubber and then mixed with the fluorescent reagent, 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-F). Gaseous CH₃SH was measured without serious interference from other sulfur compounds or amines. The limits of detection were 0.2 ppbv with the commercial detector and 0.3 ppbv with the miniature detector. CH₃SH produced from a pulping process was monitored with the μGAS system and the data agreed well with those obtained by collection with a silica gel tube followed by thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The portable system with the miniature fluorescence detector was used to monitor CH₃SH levels in near-real time in a stockyard and it was shown that the major odor component, CH₃SH, presented and its concentration varied dynamically with time.     

Enzymatic Preparation of Coniferaldehyde from Coniferyl Benzoate ex. Siam Benzoin

Siam benzoin is a natural resin that contains up to 65% of coniferyl benzoate. Treatment of this material with an esterase followed by an alcohol dehydrogenase in a one-pot procedure gave 1.5 g/L coniferaldehyde in 36% molar yield. Several lipases and esterases were tested, but only pig liver esterase gave significant results. Various alcohol oxidases and alcohol dehydrogenases were screened for their ability to oxidize coniferyl alcohol to coniferaldehyde. Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase coupled with a cofactor regeneration system was the most efficient of the enzymes tested.     

Co—Mo／Al2O3型重整预加氢催化剂的研制

考察了不同方法制备的Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３型重整预加氢催化剂对石油加氢脱硫活性的影响，选出了一种工业生产步骤简单，金属含量容易控制，并且不腐蚀设备的碱必等量共浸法制备的ＤＳ－９４８催化剂。该催化剂在温度３５０℃，压力３．０ＭＰａ，液体空速６．０ｈ＾－１，体积氢油比７０的条件下，满足了双金属重整催化剂对精制石油脑油杂质含量的要求。     

三层前向人工神经网络全局最优逼近

提出了求解不等式约束非线性优化问题的群体复合形进化算法 ,提出的算法能充分利用目标函数值的信息、优化搜索过程具有较强的方向性和目标性 ,收敛速度较快 ,且是全局优化算法 ;将群体复合形进化算法应用于三层前向人工神经网络逼近 ,提出了三层前向人工神经网络全局最优逼近算法 ;将三层前向人工神经网络全局最优逼近算法应用于实例 ,表明了提出的全局最优逼近算法的有效性 .     

催化动力学光度法测定锅炉给水中异抗坏血酸钠

基于催化动力学过程，研究了新型锅炉给水除氧剂异抗坏血酸钠的分光光度法测定。试验表明，这一方法操作简便，快速、准确提高，可测至5μg.L^-1异抗坏血酸钠。     

高效液相色谱法测定猪皮下脂肪、背最长肌和血清中粪臭素和吲哚含量

建立了高效液相色谱法测定猪皮下脂肪、背最长肌和血清中的粪臭素和吲哚含量的方法。脂肪样品的去脂预处理采用固相萃取 ,脂肪用甲醇提取后 ,提取液通过sep pakC18小柱 ,脂肪和脂肪酸被保留在C18小柱上。色谱条件 :流动相为乙腈∶水 =4 0∶6 0 ;EclipseXDBC8、5 μm、4 .6× 15 0mm不锈钢柱 ,柱温 30℃ ;荧光检测波长 :EX 2 70nm ,EM 35 0nm ;皮下脂肪、背最长肌和血清中粪臭素和吲哚测定方法平均回收率 (n =6 )分别为98.1%和 97.0 % ,96 .4 %和 94 .1% ,10 2 .12 %和 98.9%。     

Application of microwave heating for the fast extraction of fat content from the poultry feeds

A rapid method has been developed to extract and quantitatively measure the total oil content in poultry feeds using a domestic microwave oven. The optimized extraction procedure involves the replicate (6×) extraction of 5 g of ground feed with 12 ml of hexane for 20 s in a 900 W oven. Each replicate involves the collection of the resulting miscella and its replacement with fresh solvent for re-extraction. The collected extracts were centrifuged and transferred to a vial. The solvent was evaporated to a constant weight and the residual lipid weighed. In comparison to conventional Soxhlet extraction method, lipid contents obtained using the optimized microwave procedure was not significantly different. However, FTIR analysis indicated that the microwave procedure was superior in minimizing the formation of free fatty acids (FFA) relative to the Soxhlet procedure if the temperature of the sample was kept within the range of 45–50 °C. This simple, sequential extraction procedure is rapid, highly efficient and provides a simple mean of quantitating the lipid content of poultry feed in less than 40 min without the need for specialized microwave oven.     

GC×GC-ECD: a promising method for the determination of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in food and feed

There is a need for cost-efficient alternatives to gas chromatography (GC)–high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for the analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in food and feed. Comprehensive two-dimensional GC–micro electron capture detection (GC×GC-μECD) was tested and all relevant (according to the World Health Organisation, WHO) PCDD/Fs and PCBs could be separated when using a DB-XLB/LC-50 column combination. Validation tests by two laboratories showed that detectability, repeatability, reproducibility and accuracy of GC×GC-μECD are all statistically consistent with GC-HRMS results. A limit of detection of 0.5 pg WHO PCDD/F tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalency concentration per gram of fish oil was established. The reproducibility was less than 10%, which is below the recommended EU value for reference methods (less than 15%). Injections of vegetable oil extracts spiked with PCBs, polychlorinated naphthalenes and diphenyl ethers at concentrations of 200 ng/g showed no significant impact on the dioxin results, confirming in that way the robustness of the method. The use of GC×GC-μECD as a routine method for food and feed analysis is therefore recommended. However, the data evaluation of low dioxin concentrations is still laborious owing to the need for manual integration. This makes the overall analysis costs higher than those of GC-HRMS. Further developments of software are needed (and expected) to reduce the data evaluation time. Combination of the current method with pressurised liquid extraction with in-cell cleanup will result in further reduction of analysis costs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.