Light crude oil combustion in the presence of limestone matrix

In this study the combustion characteristics of crude oils (Karakuę and Beykan) in the presence of a limestone matrix were determined using the thermogravimetry (TG/DTG). Experiments were performed at a heating rate of 10°C min^-1, whereas the air flow rate was kept constant at 10 L h^-1 in the temperature range of 20-900°C. In combustion with air, three distinct reaction regions were identified in all crude oil/limestone mixtures studied known as low temperature oxidation (LTO), fuel deposition (FD) and high temperature oxidation (HTO). The individual activation energies for each reaction region may be attributed to different reaction mechanisms, but they do not give any indication of the contribution of each region to the overall reactivity of the crude oils. Depending on the characteristics, the mean activation energy of samples varied between 50.3 and 55.8 kJ mol^-1. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

ASTM Kinetics of Oil Shales

Thermal analysis is increasingly being used to obtain kinetic data relating to sample decomposition. In this research differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to determine the combustion kinetics of three (Çan, Himmetoglu and Mengen) oil shale samples by ASTM and Roger &; Morris methods. On DSC curves two reaction regions were observed on oil shale sample studied except Çan oil shale. In DSC experiments higher heating rates resulted in higher reaction temperatures and higher heat of reactions. Distinguishing peaks shifted to higher temperatures with an increase in heating rate. Three different kinetic models (ASTM I-II and Rogers &; Morris) were used to determine the kinetic parameters of the oil shale samples studied. Activation energies were in the range of 131.8-185.3 kJ mol-1 for ASTM methods and 18.5-48.8 kJ mol-1 for Rogers &; Morris method.     

The study of the emulsification efficiency of Aerosil and HPMCAS type and their ratio to stabilize emulsions of zedoary turmeric oil

The solid particles or polymers were often solely used to stabilizing emulsions, as an interesting alternative to classical used emulsifiers. However, a united use of them and the relation between them at stabilizing emulsions were little reported. Our previous study showed that the preparation of microspheres containing zedoary turmeric oil (ZTO, as an oily drug), Aerosil200 particles and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS). ZTO emulsions were produced when the microspheres were immersed into aqueous media and disaggregated under gentle agitation, and were stabilized by Aerosil200 particles and HPMCAS. Nevertheless, more work needs to be carried out to explain the factor affecting emulsification efficiency of microspheres, which will facilitate the design of the microsphere formulation. Thus, in this study, we dealt with a system consisting of Aerosil, HPMCAS, ZTO and water. To predict the best ratio of Aerosil/polymer and thus obtain the best satisfying ZTO emulsions, the bonding studies were carried out with Aerosil and HPMCAS. A series of emulsions was prepared and the stability and droplet size of resultant emulsions were investigated. The results indicated two kinds of HPMCAS (HPMCAS-LG and -HG) showed the different affinity for Aerosil200, which resulted in the unlike capability to stabilize emulsions when at the same Aerosil/polymer ratio. The stability and droplet size of emulsions increased on increasing the ratio Aerosil to polymer, and the best ratio was predictable from the Langumuir-fit of the adsorption isotherms. Appropriate hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity with Aerosil particles were very important to stabilizing the ZTO emulsions.     

等吸收点—多波长线性回归—导数分光光度法同时测定重油中的铜,镍,锌

本文提出了一种同时测定多组分的新方法，即等吸收点－多波长线性回归－导数分光光度法。利用金属离子－５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ－ＣＰＢ三元络合显色体素，同时测定了重油中的铜、镍、锌，相对标准偏差小于２．６％，分析结果与ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ及ＧＦ－ＡＡＳ法吻合。与常规分光光度法比较，灵敏度提高１０倍左右。     

萘油制备新型水煤浆添加剂的研究

研究了如何利用萘油中的有效成分合成出性能良好的水煤浆添加剂。通过合理的正交试验设计和多元线性回归分析方法得到了合成萘油添加剂的较佳工艺条件,即在75 g的萘油中,加入浓H2SO4 30 mL,在160 ℃时磺化2 h;加入HCHO 25 mL,在105 ℃时缩合1.5 h。利用实验合成的萘油添加剂与纯萘磺酸甲醛缩合物作添加剂分别对庞庄煤进行制浆实验。结果表明,萘油添加剂性能良好,可显著降低萘油添加剂的成本。应用傅立叶变换红外光谱对萘油添加剂的结构进行了分析,测出萘油添加剂主要为含有－CH2－,－SO3－等基团的芳香族化合物。对萘油添加剂改善水煤浆性能的作用机理进行了初步探讨。     

FTIR analysis and monitoring of synthetic aviation engine oils

Synthetic turbine oils from military aircraft engines were analysed for antioxidant content and total acid number using infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Two-dimensional IR correlation analysis was employed to investigate and interpret observed trends in the spectra, as acid was formed and antioxidant species were depleted in the oils, as a function of aging and engine wear. Principal components and partial least squares algorithms were used and compared for the development of calibration and prediction models. Transmission IR spectrometry is demonstrated to be effective for the analysis and monitoring of synthetic aviation turbine engine oils and shown to provide rapid and accurate information as compared with traditional analytical techniques and methods.     

重油催化裂化汽油中酚类化合物的分离分析

利用100g/L NaOH作萃取剂，二氯甲烷为反萃取剂，油剂比为5：1（体积比）时浓缩分离石家庄炼油厂和燕山石油化工公司的重油催化裂化（RFCC）稳定汽油和预碱洗后汽油中的酚类化合物；多面手利用色谱-质谱联用法对浓缩分离出的酚类化合物进行了检测，结果发现RFCC汽油中的酚类化合物主要是C0-C3苯酚，还有少量C4苯酚；所用稳定汽油和预碱洗后汽油的酚类组成相似，但碱洗后苯酚含量减少。     

CTAB在硅胶表面吸附引起的润湿性变化和模拟驱油

用椭圆偏振法测定溴代十六烷基三甲胺（CTAB）水溶液在光滑的二氧化硅膜片上的吸附，其结果符合两阶段模型，即在不同浓度下发生单分子层和近似双分子层的吸附，并与其表面润湿性变化的数据吻合.用改进的Washburn方程测量改性硅胶粉末的润湿性, 研究了CTAB水溶液在硅胶粉末表面上吸附引起的润湿性变化.并由此探讨了CTAB水溶液在硅胶粉末表面的润湿性,表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度（CMC）与表面含油粉末脱油率的关系，对在非超低界面张力条件下通过改变固/液界面润湿性提高原油采收率作了实验探讨.     

核桃油中脂肪酸含量的测定

核桃油中脂肪酸含量的测定岳红（西北工业大学化工系西安７１００７２）翟文俊（陕西教育学院西安７１００６１）关键词核桃油脂肪酸气相色谱中图分类号Ｏ６２３．６１２油脂营养一直是人们所关注和研究的重要课题，尤其是油脂中富含的不饱和脂肪酸，不仅有较高的营养价值...     

羰基铁催化黄樟油素、丁香酚异构化反应的研究——Ⅱ.反应机理及动力学的初步研究

本文对羰基铁催化黄樟油素、丁香酚异构化反应的机理及动力学进行了初步的研究,提出以下可能的反应机制:羰基铁在光照或加热下,首先形成配位不饱和羰基铁;随后,配位不饱和羰基铁与烯烃(如黄樟油素、丁香酚)生成络合物;络合物中的烯烃因电子离域作用而异构化;环境中的烯烃再取代络合物中的异构化烯烃,从而产生异构烯烃。此机制模型与五羰基铁光催化黄樟油素、丁香酚异构化反应的一级动力学一致。