Pd/ZSM-5/MCM-41催化剂加氢脱硫性能研究

本工作将三种材料：全硅MCM-41 （Si-MCM-41）、通过机械混合Si-MCM-41和HZSM-5得到的Z-MCM-41-M、通过在HZSM-5外部包覆Si-MCM-41制备得到的Z-MCM-41,采用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、NH₃-TPD、Py-IR手段进行了表征.分别以这些材料为载体,制备出负载型贵金属Pd催化剂,以二苯并噻吩（DBT）为模型化合物,在固定床反应器上进行加氢脱硫（HDS）性能考察.反应结果表明,载体的表面积或分散程度并不是影响负载型Pd催化剂HDS性能的关键性因素,催化剂的HDS性能受到载体的孔尺寸和载体的酸性双重影响.负载在酸性载体上表现出较好的HDS性能和加氢选择性,与溢流氢有关.其中,在三种催化剂中,Pd/Z-MCM-41催化剂表现出最高的HDS活性和优异的加氢活性,说明在载体的介孔孔道结构中引入微孔的酸中心对提高加氢脱硫活性有重要影响,仅靠机械混合方式制备的载体不能将介孔的孔道优势与微孔的酸性优势表现出来,不能产生较好的协同催化作用,具有介孔孔道结构和适中酸性的Z-MCM-41复合材料是潜在的贵金属加氢脱硫催化剂载体.     

Beta分子筛催化剂上甲苯和三甲苯烷基转移反应条件优化及其反应机理研究

以Beta分子筛为催化剂, 系统考察了反应条件和催化剂酸性变化对甲苯和三甲苯烷基转移反应催化性能的影响. 实验结果表明, 反应条件、分子筛晶粒尺寸及其酸性对烷基转移催化活性和稳定性都具有显著影响. 研究发现: 当反应温度为450 ℃、压力为3 MPa以及反应物甲苯和三甲苯物质的量比为1时, 二甲苯收率达到最高; 分子筛催化活性随硅铝比升高而降低; 催化剂晶粒尺寸减小能够显著提高反应稳定性. 同时, 还对甲苯和三甲苯烷基转移反应机理进行了深入研究, 推导出了可能的反应机理路线图.     

Ti-MWW分子筛钛氧活性中心与溶剂分子吸附作用的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法,研究了钛硅分子筛Ti-MWW与H₂O₂所形成的钛氧活性中间体的结构,以及溶剂分子吸附对其几何结构和电子结构的影响。结果表明,骨架Ti与H₂O₂作用生成两种钛氧活性中间体,即五元环的Ti-η¹-OOH和三元环的Ti-η²-OOH,骨架Ti中心可再吸附一个溶剂分子,形成六配位络合物结构,不同溶剂分子的吸附能力为H₂O > CH₃OH > CH₃CN。两种钛氧活性中心与溶剂分子的吸附作用略有不同,表现为Ti-η¹-OOH > Ti-η²-OOH,而Ti的落位也对吸附效应有很大影响, T1位点的Ti中心与溶剂分子的吸附作用明显强于T3位点的Ti中心。溶剂分子吸附还将影响活性氧的亲电性和催化活性。计算结果表明在Ti-η²-OOH活性中心吸附CH₃CN可降低氯丙烯环氧化反应的活化能。     

多级孔磷酸铝分子筛的合成、表征及催化应用

同时含有微孔和介孔的多级孔磷酸铝分子筛由于能减少微孔磷酸铝分子筛在涉及大分子的催化反应中的扩散限制,近年来逐渐成为人们的研究热点。本文主要阐述了多级孔磷酸铝分子筛的合成、表征和催化应用方面的最新进展。根据多级孔的生成机制,将多级孔磷酸铝分子筛的合成方法分成了四类,即硬模板法、软模板法、无模板法和后处理法,并对这些方法的优缺点进行了系统的比较。以磷酸硅铝分子筛为例,评述了各种表征多级孔分子筛的酸性和孔结构的方法。最后,对多级孔磷酸硅铝分子筛在三类重要的催化反应(即烷基化反应、异构化反应和甲醇制烯烃)中的研究进展进行了综述。     

固体硅胶制备小粒径NaA分子筛

以固体硅胶为硅源、偏铝酸钠为铝源,通过水热合成法制备小粒径NaA分子筛.实验探究碱度、陈化温度、陈化时间、晶化温度和晶化时间对合成NaA分子筛的影响.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析手段表征合成样品的物相、结晶度、形貌和粒径大小.实验确定以固体硅胶为硅源水热合成小粒径NaA分子筛的碱度为n(H2O)/n(Na2O)=30,20℃陈化20h,100℃晶化4h,合成的NaA分子筛晶型完整、粒度分布均匀、平均粒径约为600nm.     

A hierarchically zeolite Y for the N-heterocyclic compounds synthesis

High activity and selectivity of the hierarchical H-Ymmm zeolite in the synthesis of practically important pyridines (by interaction of C₂–C₄ alcohols with formaldehyde and ammonia, cyclocondensation of acetaldehyde and propanal with ammonia), dialkyl quinolines (by reaction of aniline with aldehydes) and alkyl dihydroquinolines (by reaction of aniline with ketones- acetone, acetophenone) were revealed in the research.The advantages of the micro-meso-macroporous H-Ymmm zeolite over the microporous H-Y zeolite in the synthesis of pyridines and quinolines were demonstrated. In the products formed by the reaction of ethanol with formaldehyde and ammonia, picolines (up to 63%) and lutidine are predominant in H-Ymmm, Pb-H-Ymmm and Fe-H-Ymmm zeolites. The interaction of n-propanol (n-butanol) with formaldehyde and ammonia in the presence of H-Ymmm zeolite with high selectivity produced 3,5-lutidine (up to 90%) or 3,5-diethylpyridine (85%). H-Ymmm zeolite makes it possible to prepare 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridine with 87% selectivity (reaction of acetaldehyde with ammonia) and 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyridine with 58% selectivity (reaction of propanal with ammonia).The synthesis of dialkylquinolines and dialkyltetrahydroquinolines with a total selectivity of 65–73% by the interaction of aniline with C₃–C₅ aldehydes has been carried out. The dihydroquinoline derivatives with the selectivity of up to 70% have been synthesized by the reaction of aniline with ketones (acetone, acetophenone).     

高性能AlPO4-14分子筛膜的制备及气体分离性能

制备了高性能的AlPO₄-14分子筛膜. 首先通过控制反应溶胶中水和模板剂的含量制备了形貌均一的AlPO₄-14分子筛, 分子筛的尺寸为15~18 mm; 然后采用晶种法即在反应凝胶中加入分子筛作为晶种进一步调控分子筛的大小, 使得AlPO₄-14分子筛的尺寸从15~18 mm减小到2~3 mm, 得到形貌均一的纯相片状晶体, 同时有效缩短了制备时间; 最后以多孔管状莫来石为支撑体, 采用二次生长法制备AlPO₄-14分子筛膜. 考察了2种不同大小的晶种对膜形貌和性能的影响, 发现以大尺寸的分子筛(15~18 mm)作为晶种制备的分子筛膜的分离层存在较多缺陷, 而采用小尺寸的晶种(2~3 mm)制备的膜层较均一致密. AlPO₄-14分子筛膜经高温脱除模板剂后仍然保持着纯相的AlPO₄-14晶型, 表明二次生长法促进了AlPO₄-14晶体在膜层中的生长且使其具有更高的结晶度和热稳定性. 在25 ℃, 100 kPa下, AlPO₄-14分子筛膜对H₂/CH₄, CO₂/CH₄和H₂/CF₄的理想分离因子分别为28, 40和1047, 且H₂和CO₂的渗透速率分别为6.3×10 ^-7和9×10 ^-7 mol·(m ²·s·Pa) ^-1; 对等摩尔CO₂/CH₄混合气体的分离因子为81.5, 且CO₂的渗透速率为8.8×10 ^-7 mol·(m ²·s·Pa) ^-1.     

A novel nano‐cotton‐like bismuth oxyfluoride (NC‐BiOF) and a novel nanosheet heterogeneous compound BiOF@ZIF‐8 as catalyst for the selective and green oxidation of benzylic alcohols

We describe here for the first time a new morphology of BiOF nanoparticles with a cotton‐like structure, made using a hydrothermal synthesis method. We also prepared heterogeneous nanosheets of BiOF@ZIF‐8 by a one‐pot synthesis under hydrothermal conditions. We demonstrate that in this method the morphology of BiOF and one‐pot synthesis conditions are the main factors for the preparation of the nanosheet BiOF@ZIF‐8. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), thermogravimetry‐differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA), and BET surface area were used to characterize the samples prepared. XRD, SEM, and adsorption–desorption analysis showed that the structure of ZIF‐8 and BiOF form intact only in one‐pot synthesis of BiOF (with nano‐cotton‐like morphology) with Zn(NO₃)₃, while spectral techniques show the successful encapsulation of the sheet BiOF on ZIF‐8. Nanosheet BiOF@ZIF‐8 was found to be a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the selective oxidation of alcohols. BiOF@ZIF‐8 could be reused several times although it got less active with recycling.     

Synthesis of Pt-SnOx/TS-1@SBA-16 Composites and Their High Catalytic Performance for Propane Dehydrogenation

A novel composite material of TS-1@SBA-16 was synthesized by enwrapping TS-1 zeolite crystals with mesoporous SBA-16 silica. This composite was used as catalyst support for loading Pt-SnOx in the propane dehydr genation(PDH) reaction. Catalysts were characterized by means ofN2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV-Vis, and Raman spectroscopy. The effect of different contents of TS-1 on PDH was investigated, and the optimal amount of TS-1 was determined to be 10%. The catalyst with TS-1 content of 10% showed the highest PDH activity and the initial conversion of propane over it can achieve 54.5%, higher than those over TS-1 or SB A-16-supported ones. The superior catalytic performance of Pt-SnOx/TS-1 @SBA-16 is related to the synergistic effect of the excellent mass transfer performance through the hierarchical porous structure, suitable acid acidity and electronic effect of Ti species.     

负载型磷钨酸对柴油催化氧化脱硫

采用过量浸渍法和吸附法把磷钨酸(PW12)负载在TiO2、改性Y分子筛(GY)、AC载体上,并用负载后的催化剂对柴油(含硫量540 mg.L-1)进行催化氧化脱硫,结果表明,3种催化活性强弱顺序为:GY>TiO2>AC,且当GY上负载PW12的质量分数为30%的PW12/GY催化脱硫效果最好。对催化剂进行了酸强度测