Interaction of BSA with proflavin: A spectroscopic approach

The interaction of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with proflavin was investigated by spectroscopic tools like absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as laser flash photolysis. Absorption spectroscopy proved the formation of ground-state BSA-proflavin complex. Proflavin was found to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA via static quenching. High value of quenching constant suggested that energy transfer occurred from BSA to proflavin. Distance between the fluorophore in the protein and the ligand (proflavin) was evaluated. Binding constant and number of binding site were determined for proflavin-BSA interaction both in phosphate buffer (pH∼6.8) and in sodium dodecylsulphate media. The values of the thermodynamic parameters suggested that the key interacting forces are van der Waal's interaction and hydrogen bonding. Laser flash photolysis study reconfirmed the formation of complex between BSA and proflavin.     

Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer Cells Using a Flash Wave Light Xenon Lamp

We determined photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy using a flash wave (FW) and a continuous wave (CW) light, of which the fluence rate was 70 W/cm², for murine thymic lymphoma cells (EL-4) cultivated in vitro. The irradiation frequency and the pulse width of the FW light were in the range of 1–32 Hz and less than one millisecond, respectively. 5-Aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX (ALA-PpIX) was used as a photosensitizer. When EL-4 with ALA administration was irradiated by the light for 4 h (irradiation fluence: 1.0J/cm²), the survival rate of EL-4 by the FW light was lower than that by the CW light, except for the FW light with irradiation frequency of 32 Hz, and decreased gradually with decreasing irradiation frequency. Moreover, the FW light, especially at lower irradiation frequency, was superior to the CW light for the generation of singlet oxygen in an aqueous PpIX solution. Therefore, thehigher PDT efficacy for EL-4 of the FW light would be caused by the greater generation of singlet oxygen in the cells.     

从极优基未必能迅达最优基：兼与文献[1]作者商榷

本对献[1]提出的“求解线性规划的快速换基迭代法”从多阶段决策的观点阐述并举证了从极优基未必能快速到达最优基的论断。旨在说明用此方法求解一般线性规划问题时不一定能实现快速换基迭代的概念。     

Stochastic Lagrangian Relaxation Applied to Power Scheduling in a Hydro-Thermal System under Uncertainty

A dynamic (multi-stage) stochastic programming model for the weekly cost-optimal generation of electric power in a hydro-thermal generation system under uncertain demand (or load) is developed. The model involves a large number of mixed-integer (stochastic) decision variables and constraints linking time periods and operating power units. A stochastic Lagrangian relaxation scheme is designed by assigning (stochastic) multipliers to all constraints coupling power units. It is assumed that the stochastic load process is given (or approximated) by a finite number of realizations (scenarios) in scenario tree form. Solving the dual by a bundle subgradient method leads to a successive decomposition into stochastic single (thermal or hydro) unit subproblems. The stochastic thermal and hydro subproblems are solved by a stochastic dynamic programming technique and by a specific descent algorithm, respectively. A Lagrangian heuristics that provides approximate solutions for the first stage (primal) decisions starting from the optimal (stochastic) multipliers is developed. Numerical results are presented for realistic data from a German power utility and for numbers of scenarios ranging from 5 to 100 and a time horizon of 168 hours. The sizes of the corresponding optimization problems go up to 200000 binary and 350000 continuous variables, and more than 500000 constraints.     

嘧啶衍生物与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

在模拟生理条件下,运用荧光光谱、激光闪光光解(LFP)和分子对接等技术研究了8种具有抗肿瘤活性的嘧啶衍生物(PDs,其中PDs A 5-FU为成药,PDs B-H为实验室自制)与人血清白蛋白(HSA)的相互作用.利用Stern-Volmer方程和激光闪光光解技术分析了PDs对HSA的荧光猝灭机制,PDs A和B为静态猝灭,PDs G和H为动态猝灭.用双倒数曲线法得出5种PDs与HSA的结合常数Ka和结合位点数n,在测定条件下5种PDs与载体结合位点数均为1,且均以弱结合力结合,通过热力学参数ΔH,ΔS和ΔG推测出PDs B,C和E与HSA之间的作用力为静电作用力和疏水作用力,PDs A和D与HSA之间的作用力是氢键和范德华力,分子对接结果与其一致.根据F9rster非辐射能量转移理论(FRET)分析了HSA和PDs之间的结合距离(r),其结果均小于4 nm,符合能量转移理论.进一步利用同步荧光、三维荧光和圆二色光谱考察了PDs与HSA结合过程中HSA空间构象的变化,结果显示,仅PDs A和C对HSA的芳香族氨基酸周围的疏水性略有增强作用.体外实验结果表明,HSA可以作为优良的载体来运输和储存PDs A~E,这为嘧啶衍生物的后续研究提供了可参考的实验数据.     

法向载荷和滑动速度对GCr15钢干滑动摩擦的影响

本文研究了在干滑动摩擦情况下,GCr15钢与YG8硬质合金对磨时的摩擦系数与法向载荷及滑动速度的关系。结果表明,摩擦系数是随着法向载荷和滑动速度的增加而降低。根据磨损表面发生的变化和磨损表面温度计算,作者认为法向载荷和滑动速度的增加使闪温增高,从而导致了摩擦磨损表面的局部熔化,即形成了边界润滑,故此摩擦系数降低,而且在较高的载荷和滑动速度条件下,不同显微组织材料的摩擦系数之差减小。     

四氯苯醌与嘧啶类核酸碱基的光化学氢抽取和电子转移反应

采用纳秒时间分辨的激光闪光光解实验技术,研究了四氯苯醌(TCBQ)分子与两种嘧啶核酸碱基(胸腺嘧啶和尿嘧啶)分子在355nm激发下的光化学反应动力学. 355 nm将TCBQ分子布居到激发三重态³TCBQ^*,高反应活性的³TCBQ^*与碱基分子发生两个平行的反应,氢抽取反应和电子转移反应,分别对应生成瞬态光谱上观测到的两个光反应产物TCBQH·和TCBQ·^-. 这两个反应同时生成的碱基自由基和碱基阳     

强流二极管绝缘体滑闪监测及其影响

 以闪光二号加速器为研究平台, 建立了微分环阵列和Rogowski线圈同时监测二极管电流的方法,监测了二极管绝缘体表面的滑闪现象。根据电流探头测量结果的差异,分析了绝缘体滑闪对电子束流参数的影响。二极管绝缘体出现滑闪,位置附近的微分环波形严重畸变,其它位置的微分环和Rogowski线圈测量结果基本一致。采用距离滑闪位置较远的微分环结果处理二极管束流参数,相对于不出现滑闪时的结果,束流强度和总能量没有明显的变化。绝缘体滑闪沿面局部放电,能量损失较小,尚未对电子束流造成较大影响。     

基于全变分正则化的高能闪光照相消模糊图像重建算法

 针对高能闪光照相投影图像消模糊难度大的问题,提出了一种基于全变分正则化的消模糊图像重建算法,该算法根据闪光照相的成像特点,将客体的纵向截面作为一个整体来进行建模,并在重建方程中考虑了模糊因素,然后采用全变分范数作为正则项,构建了用于消模糊图像重建的展平泛函,将消模糊图像重建问题转化为能量泛函极小化问题,通过固定点迭代算法求解图像重建问题的最小化解。数值模拟结果表明：该算法由于考虑了闪光照相成像时的图像模糊因素,在重建时能够较好地消除模糊对重建结果的影响,在抑制噪声的同时能较好地保持图像的边缘信息,有利于提高重建图像的质量。     

Improved charge trapping flash device with Al2O3/HfSiO stack as blocking layer

In this paper, we investigate an Al₂O₃/HfSiO stack as the blocking layer of a metal-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon-type (MONOS) memory capacitor. Compared with a memory capacitor with a single HfSiO layer as the blocking layer or an Al₂O₃/HfO₂ stack as the blocking layer, the sample with the Al₂O₃/HfSiO stack as the blocking layer shows high program/erase (P/E) speed and good data retention characteristics. These improved performances can be explained by energy band engineering. The experimental results demonstrate that the memory device with an Al₂O₃/HfSiO stack as the blocking layer has great potential for further high-performance nonvolatile memory applications.