Enhancement of Overall Photovoltaic Efficiency by Changing the Position of the Attaching Group -RSO3- on the Hemicyanine Dye Molecules

A new photoresponsive D-π-A dye, mPS, has been designed and synthesized.Compared to the parent dye PS, IPCE values in the region from 400 nm to 560 nm was greatly improved upon changing the attaching group from the p- position to the o- position of the π-conjugation bridge. A solar cell based on mPS generated a remarkably high overall yield η of 5.4% under irradiation of 80.0 mW cm^-2 white light from a Xe lamp, Compared with PS, the overall yield η increased by 64%.     

IPv4/IPv6翻译网关的研究

In this paper, a model of translation gateway is proposed. The communications between IPv4 network and IPv6 network are realized by using the Microsoft intermediate driver technology in environment of Windows 2000.     

Combined X-ray-electron imaging techniques: Limitations on lateral resolution

Capabilities of the imaging techniques, in which X-rays are converted to electrons and then the emitted electrons are registered by means of an electron microscope, are analyzed, the focus being on the factors limiting lateral resolution at the stage of electron emission. Bearing in mind the tendency to use harder synchrotron X-rays for some combined X-ray-electron microscopy methods, calculations were made for two significantly different X-ray energies: E = 1.828 keV (K-edge of Si) and E = 11.923 keV (L₃-edge of Au). By using Monte Carlo simulations of the electron trajectories beneath the surface of the sample we show that the radius of the spot from which photoelectrons are emitted could be as small as 1 nm. However, when proper account is taken of an entire electron cascade associated with the re-building of electron shells after photoelectron emission, spots more than one order of magnitude larger result, limiting the best lateral resolution to 20–30 nm.     

Further study of the viscoelastic phase separation of cyanate ester modified with poly(ether imide)

In this study, the viscoelastic phase separation process was studied further by time‐resolved light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy in the system of poly(ether imide)‐modified bisphenol‐A dicyanate. It was observed that the evolution time of phase structure and relaxation time of diffusion flow of the bisphenol‐A dicyanate were similar with the phase diagram of curing conversion versus content of PEI. The results suggested that the viscoelastic phase separation was affected by the curing conversion of the system at the onset point of phase separation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 517–523, 2006     

Monitoring hydration state conversion by TG-DTA

Characterization of the solid-state form (hydrate or polymorph) of a pharmaceutical active is a key scientific and regulatory requirement during development of and prior to seeking approval for marketing of the drug product. A variety of analytical methods are available to perform this task. By nature of the fundamental information it provides, TG-DTA offers advantages over other methods in regards to monitoring and quantitation of hydration state changes. In a single experiment with only a few milligrams of sample, TG-DTA perceives minor changes in phase, quantitates total water content and percent conversion, and illustrates hydrate type. All of this is accomplished without the necessity of generating time-consuming standard curves representing the differing ratios of hydrated to anhydrous forms. This study describes the use of TG-DTA to monitor and quantitate humidity induced solid–solid phase conversion of nitrofurantoin and risedronate. Percent conversion was qualitatively observed by both TG and DTA signals and quantitated by the TG.     

添加助剂的钙钛矿型氧化物NdMO_3上的甲烷氧化偶联——Ⅱ.15% Li_2O/NdMO_3(M=Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni)上的OCM反应研究

在添加了15%Li_2O的NdMO_3(M=Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni)上进行了甲烷氧化偶联(OCM)反应研究.通过改变反应气中CH_4:O_2浓度比,在氧化态和“脱氧态”催化剂上的CH_4脉冲反应,探讨了表面吸附氧和晶格氧在OCM反应中的作用以及NdMO_3中不同金属离子(M)对OCM反应活性的影响等.     

THE AROMATIZATION MECHANISM OF METHANE OVER Mo/HZSM-5 ZEOLITE CATALYSTS WITHOUT USING OXIDANTS

IntroductionMethancisthcmaJorcomponcntofnaturalgasanditscatalyticconvcrsiontodcsiredchemicalproductsorliquidfiJcIisnotonl}'apromisingapproachtotheutilizationofnaturalgasrcsourccbutalsoagrcatsubjcctforcatalysissciencctt'hichdcaIst"iththcactivationofsmallmolcculesThcx"orldrcscrvcofnaturalgashasbccnexplorcdasaboutl382562xl()8m3IllTheMTGprocessdcvclopedbythcMobilcorpcangctliquidfuelfrommethancthroughsteamreformingofmethanctoproduccsynthcsisgaswhichisassociatedt'ithamaJorityofthecostsofthcprocc…     

La2Zr2O7催化剂结构相变对甲烷氧化偶联反应性能的影响

采用共沉淀法并通过改变焙烧温度制备了一系列具有不同晶相结构的La₂Zr₂O₇催化剂，在微型固定床反应器上评价其甲烷氧化偶联反应性能，并利用XRD、Raman、CO₂-TPD、XPS等表征手段，探究催化剂的物相结构、表面碱性以及表面氧物种的变化规律。结果表明，随着焙烧温度从700℃逐渐升高到1200℃，La₂Zr₂O₇催化剂结晶度不断提高，晶相发生明显变化，从无定形结构逐渐向缺陷萤石结构过渡，最终转变成烧绿石结构。焙烧温度提高促使La₂Zr₂O₇晶相转变过程中，催化剂表面的碱性强度减弱，中等碱性位数量以及具有催化活性的表面氧物种O₂^2-和O₂^-的相对含量不断减少，致使催化剂的CH₄转化率和C₂₊选择性不断降低。其中，无定形LZO-CP-700催化剂表现出最佳的甲烷氧化偶联反应性能。     

二氧化碳氧化剂在烷烃催化转化反应中的应用研究进展

本文综述了近年来国内外有关利用二氧化碳作为氧化剂在烷烃催化转化反应中的研究状况。担载型的金属氧化物催化剂具有较好的催化活性。催化剂表面碱性位的存在可稳定活性中心并且有利于CO2的活化，CO2的作用是与烷烃脱氢产物H2和生成的表面积炭反应，从而提高反应活性及催化剂的稳定性。     

镧掺杂粘土源含铜氧化物催化剂的制备、表征及催化性能

采用共沉淀和水热法合成了不同阴离子粘土前驱型复合氧化物催化材料,样品经XRD,FTIR,TPR,TG-DSC,SEM进行表征.同时考察了铜含量在掺杂和不掺杂稀土时对甲烷催化燃烧的影响,结果发现随含铜量增加催化活性增加;未掺杂La的催化剂在高温下出现失活现象,而掺杂型催化剂稳定性良好.同时,制备方法对催化剂的性能有显著影响,在不同制备前驱物pH的条件下,使用共沉淀和水热法合成的阴离子粘土材料,合成时的pH均对催化剂的活性影响较大;同时焙烧温度对催化活性有不同程度的影响.