Boron‐Induced Electronic‐Structure Reformation of CoP Nanoparticles Drives Enhanced pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution

Even though transition‐metal phosphides (TMPs) have been developed as promising alternatives to Pt catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), further improvement of their performance requires fine regulation of the TMP sites related to their specific electronic structure. Herein, for the first time, boron (B)‐modulated electrocatalytic characteristics in CoP anchored on the carbon nanotubes (B‐CoP/CNT) with impressive HER activities over a wide pH range are reported. The HER performance surpasses commercial Pt/C in both neutral and alkaline media at large current density (>100 mA cm^?2). A combined experimental and theoretical study identified that the B dopant could reform the local electronic configuration and atomic arrangement of bonded Co and adjacent P atoms, enhance the electrons’ delocalization capacity of Co atoms for high electrical conductivity, and optimize the free energy of H adsorption and H₂ desorption on the active sites for better HER kinetics.     

Phosphine and tertiarybutylphosphine adsorption on the indium-rich InP (0 0 1)-(2 × 4) surface

Phosphine and tertiarybutylphosphine adsorption on the indium-rich InP (0 0 1)-(2 × 4) surface at 25 °C have been studied by internal reflection infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and low energy electron diffraction. Both molecules form a dative bond to the empty dangling bonds on the In-P heterodimers and the second-layer In-In dimers and vibrate symmetrically at 2319 (2315) and 2285 (2281) cm⁻¹ and asymmetrically at 2339 (2339) and 2327 (2323) cm⁻¹. A fraction of these species dissociate into adsorbed PH₂ with the hydrogen and tertiarybutyl ligands transferring to nearby phosphorus sites. The calculated energy barriers for desorption (<11 kcal/mol) of these molecules is less than that for dissociation (>17 kcal/mol) and explains their low sticking probabilities at elevated temperatures under InP growth conditions.     

Halide–Amine Co‐Passivated Indium Phosphide Colloidal Quantum Dots in Tetrahedral Shape

Wet chemical synthesis of covalent III‐V colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) has been challenging because of uncontrolled surfaces and a poor understanding of surface–ligand interactions. We report a simple acid‐free approach to synthesize highly crystalline indium phosphide CQDs in the unique tetrahedral shape by using tris(dimethylamino) phosphine and indium trichloride as the phosphorus and indium precursors, dissolved in oleylamine. Our chemical analyses indicate that both the oleylamine and chloride ligands participate in the stabilization of tetrahedral‐shaped InP CQDs covered with cation‐rich (111) facets. Based on density functional theory calculations, we propose that fractional dangling electrons of the In‐rich (111) surface could be completely passivated by three halide and one primary amine ligands per the (2×2) surface unit, satisfying the 8‐electron rule. This halide–amine co‐passivation strategy will benefit the synthesis of stable III‐V CQDs with controlled surfaces.     

还原温度对氧化铝负载的磷化钨催化剂咔唑加氢脱氮活性影响(英）

采用共浸渍和程序升温还原的方法,在不同的温度下氢气还原4h合成了负载量为30%（以WO3计）的WP/γ-Al2O3催化剂。对合成的催化剂进行了XRD、BET、TG和31P MAS NMR表征。在3.0MPa和633K的反应条件下,对催化剂的咔唑加氢脱氮（HDN）活性进行了评价。结果表明,当还原温度超过1023K时活性组分WP在载体表面发生聚集。当催化剂还原温度为923K时,在化学位移为2.4×10-5只能检测到与磷酸盐对应的特征峰;当催化剂还原温度为1023K和低旋转频率时,在化学位移为2.55×10-4处检测到与活性组分WP对应的特征衍射峰,当高旋转频率时,在化学位移为处6.88×10-4处检测到一个特征峰,该特征峰可能与载体和活性组分之间存在的强相互作用而产生的类似—Al—O—W—P结构的物种有关,这对应与XRD谱图中在40.44°存在的衍射峰。TG结果表明,随还原温度的提高,催化剂前体的磷化程度增加。923K合成的催化剂具有相对最高的咔唑HDN活性,其咔唑HDN转化率达到79%。催化剂咔唑HDN途径有三条：比较低的直接氢解脱氮选择性和比较高的加氢脱氮选择性（一个苯环先饱和然后脱氮,两个苯环饱和然后再脱氮）,其中第三条途径,即两个苯环饱和再脱氮为主要途径。     

钾对高硫合成气制甲硫醇磷钼基催化剂的影响

采用等体积共浸渍法,制备了一批不同钾含量的KxMo P/Al2O3(x表示K与Mo摩尔比,0≤x≤3)催化剂,考察其对高硫合成气制甲硫醇性能的影响,并采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、程序升温还原法(TPR)和激光拉曼光谱(LRS)等技术手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,氧化铝负载的磷钼氧化物前驱体在850℃经H2气还原制备出了Mo P/Al2O3催化剂,少量添加钾催化剂有较高的甲烷选择性,大量添加钾助剂促进了催化剂表面活泼钼硫物种的生成,使得磷化钼基催化剂有较好的甲硫醇选择性,而过量添加钾又会阻碍了甲硫醇的生成。当n(K)/n(Mo)比在2~2.5之间时,磷化钼基催化剂对该反应有较好的催化活性。     

(R,R,R)-Tris(2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)- and (S,S,S)-tris(2-hydroxy-2-methylethyl)phosphine: water-soluble chiral trialkylphosphines with C3-symmetry

The first α- and β-chiral water-soluble trialkylmonophosphines, 1 and 2, respectively, both with C₃ symmetry, were synthesised from sodium phosphide and chiral mesylates, accessible from (S)-ethyl lactate. X-ray structures of a corresponding 2:1 gold(I) complex [1₂Au(I)]OTf and of a borane complex 2·BH₃ were determined.     

Facile one-step synthesis of Ru doped NiCoP nanoparticles as highly efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction

Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) as ever-evolving electrocatalytic materials have attracted increasing attention in water splitting reactions owing to their cost-effective, highly active and stable catalytic properties. This work presents a facile synthetic route to NiCoP nanoparticles with Ru dopants which function as highly efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. The Ru dopants induced a high content of Ni and Co vacancies in NiCoP nanoparticles, and the more defective Ru doped NiCoP phase than undoped NiCoP ones led to a greater number of catalytically active sites and improved electrical conductivity after undergoing electrochemical activation. The Ru doped NiCoP catalyst exhibited high OER catalytic performance in alkaline media with a low overpotential of 281 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² and a Tafel slope of 42.7 mV dec⁻¹.     

双功能催化剂Ru2P在N-杂环加氢和无受体脱氢反应中的几何效应和电子效应

饱和及不饱和N-杂环化合物是非常重要的药物中间体.由于它们在催化剂表面的吸附/脱附能力不同,设计具有合适电子结构和几何结构的催化剂用于饱和与不饱和N-杂环化合物的可逆转化具有很大挑战性.目前,负载型纳米金属催化剂通常被用于饱和N-杂环化合物的加氢反应或者不饱和杂环化合物的脱氢反应.然而反应过程中N-杂环化合物与纳米金属的强配位作用,不仅影响其他反应底物与活性位点的接触,而且导致催化剂的循环稳定性较差.在之前的研究中,钌(Ru)催化剂被用于喹啉化合物的选择加氢反应,但反应条件苛刻,循环稳定性差,不能实现杂环化合物的可逆转化.本文在Ru纳米颗粒的晶格中引入杂原子,诱导催化剂表现出不同的几何结构和电子性质,从而调节反应势垒和底物在催化剂表面的脱附能力以优化反应性能.本文以活性炭(AC)为载体,制备了Ru₂P,RuO₂,RuS₂和Ru四种负载型催化剂,以喹啉和四氢喹啉为模型反应物,考察其催化性能.研究发现,Ru₂P/AC可在温和条件下同时实现喹啉的加氢反应和四氢喹啉的无受体脱氢反应,且催化剂经过8次循环使用后,其转化率仍高达95%,选择性达到99%,远优于Ru/AC.密度泛函理论计算结果表明,Ru₂P中的P原子使得两个相邻的Ru-Ru原子的间距从2.61?增加到2.9?.同时P对催化剂几何结构的变化使反应底物在催化剂表面的吸附行为发生改变,即喹啉和四氢喹啉分子都更容易在Ru₂P的表面发生脱附,从而有利于反应进行.通过差分电荷分析,P原子掺杂会将Ru从零价状态调整为缺电子状态.随着P原子掺杂到Ru金属中,反应物表面的电荷大幅度下降,提高了加氢反应和脱氢反应中产物的扩散能力.进一步计算反应路径结果表明,Ru₂P实现了N-杂环化合物可逆加氢/脱氢过程中反应与扩散之间的平衡,从而在加氢和脱氢反应中均表现出优异的催化性能.通过浸渍、热解制备的Ru₂P/AC对一系列N-杂环化合物的加氢和脱氢反应均表现出优异的催化性能.这主要归因于P原子的掺入稀释了Ru-Ru团簇,引起的几何效应和电子效应的协同作用实现了N-杂环化合物加氢/脱氢过程反应与扩散的平衡,从而提高了可逆反应的催化性能.本文通过原子掺杂调控催化活性的本征结构,从而优化出具有平衡反应和产物扩散的优异催化剂.该合成策略具有直接通用的特点,易于拓展到其它复杂的反应体系当中.     

镍磷物质的量比对负载型Ni2P/MCM-41催化剂结构及加氢脱硫性能的影响

以MCM-41为载体,采用一种简捷、温和法制备了负载型Ni₂P/MCM-41催化剂。用H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附比表面积测定(BET)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析对催化剂进行了表征。以1%(质量分数)二苯并噻吩(DBT)的十氢萘溶液为原料,在连续固定床反应装置上,研究了初始Ni/P物质的量比对催化剂HDS活性的影响,并考察了催化剂的稳定性。结果表明,初始Ni/P物质的量比为1/2和1/3的前驱体,在390 ℃下还原时得到单一的Ni₂P相。初始Ni/P物质的量为1/2时,得到的催化剂活性最好。在反应温度340 ℃、压力3.0 MPa、氢/油体积比500、质量空速2.0 h^-1时,DBT的转化率接近100%。     

An Approach to Preparing Ni–P with Different Phases for Use as Supercapacitor Electrode Materials

Herein, we describe a simple two‐step approach to prepare nickel phosphide with different phases, such as Ni₂P and Ni₅P₄, to explain the influence of material microstructure and electrical conductivity on electrochemical performance. In this approach, we first prepared a Ni–P precursor through a ball milling process, then controlled the synthesis of either Ni₂P or Ni₅P₄ by the annealing method. The as‐prepared Ni₂P and Ni₅P₄ are investigated as supercapacitor electrode materials for potential energy storage applications. The Ni₂P exhibits a high specific capacitance of 843.25 F g^?1, whereas the specific capacitance of Ni₅P₄ is 801.5 F g^?1. Ni₂P possesses better cycle stability and rate capability than Ni₅P₄. In addition, the Fe₂O₃//Ni₂P supercapacitor displays a high energy density of 35.5 Wh kg^?1 at a power density of 400 W kg^?1 and long cycle stability with a specific capacitance retention rate of 96 % after 1000 cycles, whereas the Fe₂O₃//Ni₅P₄ supercapacitor exhibits a high energy density of 29.8 Wh kg^?1 at a power density of 400 W kg^?1 and a specific capacitance retention rate of 86 % after 1000 cycles.