Molecular basis of the structure and function of H1 hemagglutinin of influenza virus

Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) contains antigenic sites recognized by the host immune system, cleavage sites cleaved by host proteases, receptor binding sites attaching to sialyl receptors on the target cell, and fusion peptides mediating membrane fusion. Change in an amino acid(s) in these sites may affect the potential of virus infection and spread within and between hosts. Influenza viruses with H1 HA infect birds, pigs and humans and have caused two of the four pandemics in the past 100 years: 1918 pandemic that killed 21-50 million people and 2009 pandemic that caused more than 18,000 deaths. Understanding the relationship between antigenic structure and immune specificity, the receptor binding specificity in virus transmission, how the cleavage site controls pathogenicity, and how the fusion peptide causes membrane fusion for the entry of influenza virus into the host cell should provide information to find more effective ways to prevent and control influenza.     

Voltammetric Detection of a Specific DNA Sequence of Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Using HS‐ssDNA Probe Deposited onto Gold Electrode

The working principle of a genosensor is based on the mechanism of ion‐channel mimetic sensors. The analytical signals generated upon hybridization processes were recorded by a redox active marker [Fe(CN)₆]^3?/4? present in the sample solution using voltammetric techniques. The developed genosensor was suitable for determination of 20‐mer complementary oligonucleotide sequence, and also of the PCR products containing the complementary 20‐mer sequence in various positions, with detection limits in the 10 pM range. The noncomplementary 20‐mer oligonucleotide sequence as well as the PCR product without complementary region generated very weak response. The good discrimination of the position of the complementary part in the PCR products was observed.     

p16蛋白对B型流感病毒诱导HeLa细胞凋亡的影响

以流感病毒 B/沪防 93- 1株感染 He L a细胞 ,通过 Hoechst332 5 8荧光染色、琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析检测细胞凋亡 ,并用免疫组化技术测定 p16蛋白的表达 ,探讨 p16蛋白表达对 He L a细胞凋亡的影响 .结果表明 ,B型流感病毒感染 He L a细胞可诱导其凋亡 ,感染 2 4h后 ,细胞凋亡数达 84.5 % ;He L a细胞凋亡伴随 p16蛋白的表达 ,2 4h达高峰 ,阳性率为 49.2 3± 1.70 .研究结果提示 ,B型流感病毒感染诱导 He L a细胞凋亡过程与 p16基因激活相关 ,p16蛋白可能是介导流感病毒诱导细胞凋亡的另一重要途径 .     

鸭源H9N2亚型禽流感病毒血凝素基因的克隆、序列分析及原核表达

参照GenBank收录的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒血凝素(HA)基因序列设计并合成引物,以鸭源H9N2亚型禽流感病毒RNA为模板,利用RT PCR方法扩增了预计约1700bp的HA基因,将此扩增产物克隆进pMD18 T载体,采用限制性酶切及序列测定鉴定阳性重组克隆子.测序结果表明HA基因长为1683bp.基于HA蛋白的信号肽在表达中的负面作用,本研究通过基因工程手段缺失HA蛋白位于起始的信号肽的编码序列,获得了缺失HA蛋白信号肽的HA基因,并将其亚克隆到pGEX KG中,与GST融合表达.SDS PAGE结果显示:融合表达的蛋白分子量约为90×103.Western印迹表明表达蛋白具有免疫活性.     

新型冠状病毒感染疫情下公众心理健康及影响因素研究进展

新型冠状病毒感染疫情是重大突发公共卫生事件,对全球公共心理健康产生了深远影响.本文对公众心理健康状况、影响心理健康水平的疫情因素(新型冠状病毒感染、隔离、失业和其他应激源)以及个人因素(青少年、女性、医护人员和既往有躯体/精神疾病史)进行综述,并从个人、社会、国家层面分析改善公众心理健康的对策,为应对疫情的长期影响提供参考.     

Experimental extraction of stern-layer capacitance in biosensor detection using silicon nanowire field-effect transistors

Accurate diagnose of a disease in the early stage is critical to treat the disease properly. To this end, a multitude of biosensors with advanced technologies have been developed to detect the number of biomolecules precisely. In this work, we propose a method for extracting the Stern layer capacitance (C_stern) using the experimental data of silicon nanowire ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) to help improve the accurate detection of target molecules. The proposed method was applied to both pH and virus sensing scheme, and the C_stern value of pH and a virus were extracted as 32 and 26 μF/cm², respectively. These findings indicated that the extracted C_stern was affected by the size of the ion and protein, which also was verified by a computer-aided simulation. These insights would be useful in the development of charge-based ISFET biosensors.     

H5N1亚型禽流感病毒神经氨酸酶的表达及抗体制备

以禽流感病毒A／chicken／Hubei／489／2004（H5N1）NA基因全长eDNA克隆pMD-NA为模板，PCR扩增第406位至第1353位基因片段。克隆到pET-28a表达载体，构建重组质粒pET-28／ANA，转化大肠杆菌，用异丙基口硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导重组蛋白表达，SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析证实，截短的NA重组蛋白获得高效表达。采用SDS-PAGE纯化重组蛋白，免疫家兔，制备特异性神经氨酸酶（NA）抗体。ELISA及间接免疫荧光检测结果显示，该抗体效价在1：1×10^5以上，能与在大肠杆菌和Vero细胞中表达的NA蛋白产生特异性反应。纯化的NA重组蛋白可用作建立禽流感检测方法的诊断抗原，所制备NA抗体可用于检测禽流感基因工程疫苗中的NA抗原组分。     

抗流感病毒抑制剂Nucleozin衍生物的设计合成及抗病毒活性评价

小分子化合物Nucleozin作为靶向流感病毒核蛋白的抑制剂具有良好的抑制活性。本文围绕Nucleozin分子中与哌嗪环直接相连的芳环部分进行研究。通过钯催化偶联反应合成了一系列Nucleozin衍生物,通过检测所合成化合物对流感病毒H1N1的抑制活性,明确了Nucleozin分子中该部分的构效关系。利用甲基在药物分子设计中的作用,设计将分子中的氯原子替换为甲基,发现与原型分子Nucleozin相比其抑制活性有了明显的提高。本文的结果对该类分子成药性的提高具有积极意义。     

金刚烷胺硝酸盐的晶体结构

报道了金刚烷胺硝酸盐(三环[3,3,1,11,7]癸烷-1-胺硝酸盐,C10H18N2O3,Mr = 214.26)的晶体结构。该晶体属于正交晶系,空间群为P212121, 晶胞参数:a = 6.380(1),b = 7.349(2),c = 22.801(5) ,V = 1069.0(4) 3,m(MoKa) = 0.098 mm-1,Z = 4,F(000) = 464,Dc =1.331 g/cm3。对于1172 (I ≥2s(I))个可观察衍射点,最终偏离因子R = 0.0310,wR = 0.0757。该晶体由金刚烷铵阳离子和硝酸根阴离子组成,金刚烷基为由椅式构象组成的一个稳定的三环结构。由于氢键作用,晶体呈二维平面无限结构。     

Influenza virus pathogenicity regulated by host cellular proteases,cytokines and metabolites,and its therapeutic options

Influenza A virus (IAV) causes significant morbidity and mortality. The knowledge gained within the last decade on the pandemic IAV(H1N1)2009 improved our understanding not only of the viral pathogenicity but also the host cellular factors involved in the pathogenicity of multiorgan failure (MOF), such as cellular trypsin-type hemagglutinin (HA₀) processing proteases for viral multiplication, cytokine storm, metabolic disorders and energy crisis. The HA processing proteases in the airway and organs for all IAV known to date have been identified. Recently, a new concept on the pathogenicity of MOF, the “influenza virus–cytokine–trypsin” cycle, has been proposed involving up-regulation of trypsin through pro-inflammatory cytokines, and potentiation of viral multiplication in various organs. Furthermore, the relationship between causative factors has been summarized as the “influenza virus–cytokine–trypsin” cycle interconnected with the “metabolic disorders–cytokine” cycle. These cycles provide new treatment concepts for ATP crisis and MOF. This review discusses IAV pathogenicity on cellular proteases, cytokines, metabolites and therapeutic options.