A supported gold catalyst for the elimination of hydrogen from CO2 feed gas in the production of urea

Supported gold catalyst for eliminating hydrogen from CO₂ feed gas in the production of urea is found to be superior to other industrial catalysts (e.g. Pt/Al₂O₃ and PdPt/Al₂O₃) in catalytic activity and resistance to sulfur poisoning.     

Synthesis, X-ray crystal structures, and gas sorption properties of pillared square grid nets based on paddle-wheel motifs: implications for hydrogen storage in porous materials

A systematic modulation of organic ligands connecting dinuclear paddle-wheel motifs leads to a series of isomorphous metal-organic porous materials that have a three-dimensional connectivity and interconnected pores. Aromatic dicarboxylates such as 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (1,4-bdc), tetramethylterephthalate (tmbdc), 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylate (1,4-ndc), tetrafluoroterephthalate (tfbdc), or 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate (2,6-ndc) are linear linkers that form two-dimensional layers, and diamine ligands, 4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (dabco) or 4,4'-dipyridyl (bpy), coordinate at both sides of Zn(2) paddle-wheel units to bridge the layers vertically. The resulting open frameworks [Zn(2)(1,4-bdc)(2)(dabco)] (1), [Zn(2)(1,4-bdc)(tmbdc)(dabco)] (2), [Zn(2)(tmbdc)(2)(dabco)] (3), [Zn(2)(1,4-ndc)(2)(dabco)] (4), [Zn(2)(tfbdc)(2)(dabco)] (5), and [Zn(2)(tmbdc)(2)(bpy)] (8) possess varying size of pores and free apertures originating from the side groups of the 1,4-bdc derivatives. [Zn(2)(1,4-bdc)(2)(bpy)] (6) and [Zn(2)(2,6-ndc)(2)(bpy)] (7) have two- and threefold interpenetrating structures, respectively. The non-interpenetrating frameworks (1-5 and 8) possess surface areas in the range of 1450-2090 m(2)g(-1) and hydrogen sorption capacities of 1.7-2.1 wt % at 78 K and 1 atm. A detailed analysis of the sorption data in conjunction with structural similarities and differences concludes that porous materials with straight channels and large openings do not perform better than those with wavy channels and small openings in terms of hydrogen storage through physisorption.     

Improvement of basic performances of a nickel-metal hydride battery

To develop a sealed-type nickel-metal hydride battery for use in portable equipment or in electric vehicles, investigations were conducted on negative electrodes using AB₅-type hydrogen storage alloy and positive electrodes. For the cycle life performance of the battery, alkaline treatment of the alloy and the substitution of more than 50% to the alloy with Co were effective. For the positive electrode, zinc as a solid solution in the nickel positive electrode obviously prevented γ-NiOOH from being formed in the charging process of β-Ni(OH)₂ and suppressed the migration of the electrolyte solution in the separator to the active material of the positive electrode. Also, hydrophobic treatment of the surface of the alloy was effective to prevent the elevation of the battery internal pressure of the battery in high rate charge.     

CoOx改性TiO2光催化剂的制备、优化及其光催化分解水析氢性能研究

利用热分解法制备了不同掺杂量的CoO_x-TiO₂系列光催化剂, 并优化了制备方法。在用XRD、TEM和XPS等技术对催化剂表征的基础上，探讨了乙醇作为电子给体时CoO_x改性对P25-TiO₂光催化分解水析氢性能的影响。本文还利用连续瞬态电流-时间响应和循环伏安法等电化学方法，考察了CoO_x-TiO₂改性系列光催化剂光照条件下电流响应强度、起始光电响应特性差别及光催化析氢电位变化等光电化学性能。光催化性能实验结果表明，适当掺杂CoO_x(110～400 ℃焙烧时最佳掺杂量约为0.4wt% Co，500 ℃焙烧时最佳掺杂量约为0.6～0.8wt% Co)能够显著地提高TiO₂析氢光催化性能，产氢速率提高2个数量级。另外在适当温度下的热处理，能够改善催化剂光催化性能(最佳处理温度为300～400 ℃)。光电化学性能评价结果表明，适当掺杂CoO_x和适当温度下焙烧能在催化剂表面形成较多的析氢活性物种——含钴复合物，能有效增强催化剂光电流响应强度，并使得析氢光还原电位向有利于析氢方向位移。高含量掺杂CoO_x会在催化剂表面形成某种碳化物物种，大量含钴复合物活性中心的出现会降低光吸收效率，增加TiO₂表面光生电子-空穴复合率而使催化剂失去析氢光催化性能。     

The thermal decomposition of NaHCO3 powders and single crystals

The thermal decomposition of four commercial powders and of differently stored single crystals of sodium hydrogen carbonate is studied by power compensation DSC and by optical and FT-IR microscopy. Independently of manufacturer, specified purity and price, the thermal curves of all the commercial powders show a more or less pronounced low temperature peak preceding the one due to the main decomposition. Such small peak is not observed when samples of laboratory recrystallized material are used. However the thermal behaviour of the latter preparation differs remarkably depending on storage conditions: the material kept in closed glass containers decomposes at temperatures higher than those of the material stored in a dessiccator in the presence of concentrated H₂SO₄. The observation by optical microscopy of the behaviour of the surfaces of single crystals coming from different storage conditions when the temperature is raised in a Kofler heater helps the interpretation of the data collected. The mechanism of the decomposition is discussed and the relevant kinetic parameters reported.     

四氢键二聚体和分子组装

介绍了最近几年新的四氢键有机二聚体研究的进展及其在分子自组装和分子聚 集体化学研究中的应用。     

XPS,AFM, ATR and TPD evidence for terraced,dihydrogen terminated, 1×1 (100) silicon

Heating (100) silicon at high temperature (say, higher than 850 °C) in H₂, cooling to 670–700 °C in the same ambient, and quenching to room temperature in N₂ results in environmentally robust, terraced 1 × 1 (100) SiH₂. Evidence for this conclusion is based on angle‐resolved x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection mode, thermal programmed desorption, and reflection high‐energy electron diffraction. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fe-Ni-B-O纳米合金的合成及其催化制氢性能的研究

Preparation and catalytic performance of Fe-Ni-B-O nano-alloy having crystal-palpus structure has been studied. Black powder was synthesized by reducing mixture solution of Fe²⁺, Ni²⁺ with KBH₄ as reducing agent and polyethylene glycol as dispersant. Fe-Ni-B-O nano-alloy of crystal-palpus structure was obtained after hydrogen reduction of black powder. TEM shows that crystal-palpus length is 200～400 nm, diameter is 2～4 nm. The analytic results indicate that the total content of Fe and Ni is 86.6%, B is 5.08%. The alloy exhibits excellent catalytic performance. Hydrogen generation rate can approach 100% especially when pH is 8.     

硫酸氢铵分解动力学及其分解机理的研究

为了筛选适合的化学贮能系统,Wentworth等人曾提出了十项筛选标准。照此标准衡量,硫酸氢铵的分解-合成反应是一个十分理想的贮能系统: NH_4HSO_4(l)?NH_3(g)+H_2(g)+SO_3(g)Prengle也曾就此反应应用于太阳能电站贮能系统的可行性作过理论上的探讨.但是,有关该反应的基础研究进行的还很不够,特别有关分解动力学和分解机理的研究文献尚未见报导。本文用等温热重法和程序升温热重法对硫酸氢铵的热分解动力学进行了研究,并确定了分解机理,为贮能系统的实际应用提供了基础数据。     

三氧化二铝溶胶-凝胶固定过氧化氢生物传感器

三氧化二铝溶胶凝胶将辣根过氧化物酶和硫堇同时固定在玻碳电极上,紫外-可见光谱结果表明酶在固定过程中生物活性保持得较好.传感器在pH 7.0外加电压为-0.22 V条件下,对过氧化氢浓度为1.76×10-3～5.5×10-2 mol/L的范围内呈线性响应,检出限为1.1×10-4 mol/L.传感器的选择性和稳定性较好,使用3个星期后,仍能保持其初始活性的80%.