固定床反应器参数灵敏性与失控分析

本文采用邻二甲苯氧化的复合反应动力学模型分析了固定床反应器的参数灵敏性和失控行为,并与该反应的简单反应动力学模型的研究结果作了比较,发现二者间有显著的差别。本文还考察了固定床反应器对冷却介质流量和进口温度的灵敏性,发现反应器对冷却介质流量和进口温度的发迹极其敏感。因此对于强放热反应过程,考虑反应器对冷却介质的流量和进口温度的参数灵敏性对反应器的设计和控制是必要的。     

氧化钙对流化床煤温和气化半焦性质的影响

在Φ4 8× 5 2 5mm小型流化床反应器中 ,于 4 5 0～ 75 0℃温度区间内 ,研究了氧化钙对煤温和气化产物半焦特性的影响。报道了在煤温和气化过程中添加氧化钙对所得半焦的工业分析、元素组成及热值的影响。采用等温吸附法研究了氧化钙对半焦孔结构和比表面积的影响 ,并给予了合理的解释。     

Effects of trace levels of copper,chromium, and zinc ions on the performance of activated sludge

The effects of copper, chromium, and zinc ions, at trace levels, on the performance of a simulated activated sludge process were investigated. The results of batch adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption of copper, chromium, and zinc ions followed both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The presence of trace levels of these three metals not only reduced the adsorption rate of organic matters but also the chemical oxygen demand adsorption capacity (CAC) of the activated sludge. Metal ions competed with the organic substrate for adsorption binding sites on the surfaces of activated sludge bioflocs and reduced the CAC. Studies performed in a sequential batch reactor (SBR) showed that the presence of trace levels of heavy metal ions in wastewater affected the SBR performance to different extents depending on the hydraulic retention time (HRT). When the reactors were operated at short HRTs of 2.5 d or less, the presence of trace levels of heavy metal ions reduced substantially the CAC of activated sludge, which, in turn, affected significantly the performance of the SBR. However, under longer HRTs (e.g., 5d), the heavy metal ions in the wastewater reduced the CAC but had not significant effect on the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency.     

Butanol production using Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 hyper-butanol producing mutant strain and recovery by pervaporation

Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 (mutant strain) and C. beijerinckii 8052 (wild type) were compared for substrate and butanol inhibition. The wild-type strain is more strongly inhibited by added butanol than is the mutant strain. Acetone and butanol were removed from a fed-batch reactor inoculated with C. beijcrinckii BA101 by pervaporation using a silicone membrane. In the batch reactor, C. beijerinckii BA101 produced 25.3 g/L of total solvents, whereas in the fermentation-recovery experiment it produced 165.1 g/L of total solvents. Solvent productivity increased from 0.35 (batch reactor) to 0.98 g/L·h (fed-batch reactor). The fed-batch reactor wasfed with 500 g/L of glucose-based P2 medium. Acetone selectivities ranged from 2 to 10 whereas butanol selectivities ranged from 7 to 19. Total flux varied from 26 to 31 g/m²·h.     

Dynamical analysis of an elementary X + Y → P reaction in a continuously stirred tank reactor

This paper investigates the bifurcation behaviour of a model oxidation reaction in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). We assume that two gaseous chemical species are pumped separately into the CSTR, at constant total pressure, reacting to produce an inert product. The reaction is assumed to be a single step reaction that is described by Arrhenius kinetics. It is capable of producing oscillatory behaviour as well as steady state multiplicity in certain parameter regions. Bifurcation diagrams in various control parameter spaces are presented. We show that the system always possesses a globally attracting invariant region. The equivalence of a CSTR having n feed streams and the one pipe version, by appropriate rescaling, is also discussed.     

超痕量H2O2对MnSO4-KBrO3-乙酰丙酮化学振荡体系的扰动

化学振荡波和生物体内的生物振荡及生物形态现象的相似性促使人们认识到生命现象和非生命现象之间遵循着某些相同的规律, 因而化学振荡反应非线性动力学一直是物理化学研究的热点[1, 2]. 近年来它在分析化学中的应用使其研究扩展到了一个新的领域, 但仍停留在10-7 mol/L的水平上[3]. 显然, 以这个量去研究包含众多基元反应和反应中间体的振荡反应, 得到的是数目庞大的反应物种群体行为, 而这种行为并不足以说明生命现象的猝发病变、代谢功能衰竭及运动寿命终止的原因.     

复合纤维素膜固定化胰蛋白酶反应器及其应用于蛋白质酶解

合成了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯-纤维素复合膜,并以此膜为基质共价键合固定化胰蛋白酶,以N-苯甲酰-L-精氨酰乙酯(BAEE)为底物,应用高效液相色谱系统测定了酶固定化膜柱的催化反应特性。研究结果表明:温度、pH值、离子强度、有机溶剂及蛋白变性剂等都对固定化酶的活力有一定的影响。在最适条件下,固定化胰蛋白酶的活力为17800U/g干膜,蛋白载量为3.6mg/g(≈0.15μmol/g)干膜,活性回收率达到52%.固定化酶表现出较高的使用和储藏稳定性,在40℃下,水解BAEE底物24h活力无显着变化。固定化酶膜柱在4℃冷藏保存100d仍保存90%以上的水解活力。固定化酶反应器被应用于蛋白质酶解的肽谱实验。     

固定化酶纳升微反应器用于痕量蛋白质快速肽谱分析的研究

利用毛细管作为酶固定化的载体,将酶直接键合到毛细管内壁,制成毛细管纳升反应器,结合质谱分析水解产物,获得了蛋白质的肽谱.实验发现,以毛细管为反应器后,蛋白质肽谱分析所需量大大减少,只需10^-13mol,甚至几个10^-15mol的量就可满足分析要求.     

铀-钍混合燃料反应堆的可行性分析

分析了以铀为燃料的核电系统的弊端、钍燃料反应堆的理论技术依据和世界范围内钍燃料反应堆的研究状况。提出在我国开发利用钍资源,建立铀．钍混合燃料反应堆具有的独特优势,建议应加大钍资源开发人力物力投入,改变我国核电利用水平落后和钍资源流失之现状。Nuclear energy is a preferred option for electric power generation. The disadvantages of the current uranium-dioxide （UO2 ） fuel in nuclear power were presented and the reactor using the mixed thorium dioxide and uranium dioxide fuel （ ThO2-UO2 ） in the near future was foretold. A proposal to strengthen the research cooperation on the use of the thorium mineral resources in china was put forward.     

反向流动垂直喷淋式MOCVD反应器设计与数值模拟

本文分析了现有的MOCVD反应器存在的不足,提出了一种新型的反向流动垂直喷淋式反应器:反应气体从基片上方的许多平行小喷管喷入反应区,反应后的尾气又从基片上方出口排出,从而减少了反应物浓度沿衬底径向的不均匀性.通过对反应器进行三维数值模拟,改变喷管的中心距、喷管端与衬底的距离、流量、气体压强等参数,确定了反应室内衬底上方温度场与浓度场为最佳时的参数组合.