氯化聚乙烯对甲基丙烯酸甲酯／苯乙烯共聚动力学的影响

将甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）／苯乙烯（Ｓ）在氯化聚乙烯（ＣＰＥ）存在下进行悬浮溶胀接枝共聚，考察了ＣＰＥ对ＭＭＡ／Ｓ共聚动力学行为的影响．ＣＰＥ提高了聚合体系的粘度，使自动加速提前，扩散因素增加，对共聚有阻滞作用．ＣＰＥ是链转移剂，使ＭＭＡ／Ｓ共聚物分子量降低．ＣＰＥ对ＭＭＡ的吸附渗透优于对Ｓ的吸附，造成接技部分与非接技部分组成的差异．ＣＰＥ含量、溶胀时间、转化率、硫酸用量对共聚组成均有影响。     

Grafting of maleic anhydride to hydrocarbons below the ceiling temperature

Maleic anhydride has been grafted to eicosane and squalane at 60–80°C using 1,2-dichlorobenzene as solvent and benzoyl peroxide as initiator. These hydrocarbons are low molecular weight models for hydrocarbon polymers containing secondary and tertiary hydrogen atoms. In the absence of the hydrocarbon and with monomer concentrations of the order of 1M, low molecular weight poly(maleic anhydride) is formed. On addition of the hydrocarbon, the main product is grafted material and very little homopolymer is formed. The grafts consist primarily of single succinic anhydride units but some of them are short poly(maleic anhydride) chains. Ceiling temperature considerations control the formation of homopolymer in the absence of hydrocarbon substrate. In the presence of eicosane or squalane, initiation of grafting proceeds by hydrogen abstraction from the hydrocarbon. The main factor controlling graft length is then the ratio of the rates of intramolecular hydrogen abstraction and of monomer addition to succinic anhydride radicals © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Conduction stability of high-density polyethylene/carbon black composites due to electric field action

Conduction stability of high-density polyethylene/carbon black (HDPE/CB) composites with a CB volume fraction slightly above the percolation threshold is studied in relation to electric field action at various ambient temperatures below the melting point of HDPE. It is found that resistance of the composites shows considerable changes after the electric field is switched off. Influence of irradiation crosslinking of HDPE on the conduction stability is also discussed.     

聚己内酯聚醚嵌段共聚物和共混物的表面性质对其药物释放行为的影响

聚己内酯聚醚嵌段共聚物和共混物的表面性质对其药物释放行为的影响王卫华，贝建中，王智峰，王身国（中国科学院化学研究所北京１０００８０）关键词聚己内酯聚醚嵌段共聚物，共混物，电子能谱，表面性质，药物释放行为聚己内醋（ＰＣＬ）具有优良的药物通透性和生物相容...     

Progress on phthalocyanine-conjugated Ag and Au nanoparticles: Synthesis,characterization, and photo-physicochemical properties

Phthalocyanine (Pc) complexes are an important class of dyes with numerous (e.g., biological, photophysical, and analytical) applications. Among the methods used to improve the properties of these complexes, one should mention the introduction of different substituents, variation of the central metal ion, ligand exchange, and conjugation to nanomaterials (e.g., carbon-based nanomaterials and metal nanoparticles (NPs)). This work briefly reviews Pc complex conjugation to Ag and Au NPs, highlights the different NP shapes, and discusses the diversity of conjugation approaches. Moreover, the use of UV–Vis spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to characterize Pc-NP hybrids is summarized. The effect of conjugation on Pc photo-physicochemical properties (fluorescence, singlet oxygen generation, triplet state formation, and optical limiting behavior) is discussed, and future perspectives for the synthesis and applications of new hybrids are provided.     

Thermal and mechanical properties of PE/organoclay nanocomposites

Polyethylene/montmorillonite clay nanocomposites were obtained via direct melt intercalation. The clay was organically modified with four different types of quaternary ammonium salts. The objective of this work is to study the use of montmorillonite clay in the production of nanocomposites by means on rheological, mechanical and crystallization properties of nanocomposites and to compare to the properties of the matrix and PE/unmodified clay nanocomposites. In general, the tensile test showed that the yield strength and modulus of the nanocomposites are close to the pure PE. Apparently, the mixture with Dodigen salt seems to be more stable than the pure PE and PE/unmodified clay.     

生物相容性BAB型两亲嵌段共聚物的合成及其自组装

Lys(z)-NCA was synthesized in the presence of triphosgene, amphiphilic triblock copolymers poly(N^c-CBZ-Lysine)-PEG-poly(N^c-CBZ-Lysine) were synthesized in DMF using amino-end ended PEG as initiator with the mechanism of anion ring opening polymerization. The structures of block copolymers were characterized by IR, ^1H-NMR,GPC and DSC. The results showed triblock copolymers with expected structure and low polydispersity in molecular weight could be synthesized by this method. At the same time, the self-assembling behaviors of block copolymer were investigated by TEM. A novel helical aggregates were found to be formed in DMF. Because of biocompatibility of two components of block copolymers, these block copolymers have potential applications in the field of biomaterials.     

聚氯乙烯／线性低密度聚乙烯共混体系的相容性

用动态力学分析（ＤＭＡ）和傅利叶变换红外光谱（ＦＴＩＲ）研究了氢化聚丁二烯－ｂ－聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＨＰＢＤ－ｂ－ＰＭＭＡ）共聚物增容剂对聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）与线性低密度聚乙烯（ＬＬＤＰＥ）共混体系的增容作用．增容剂使共混物中两相的玻璃化温度发生变化，说明其相容性增加．ＦＴＩＲ的结果表明，增容剂中羰基与ＰＶＣ的α氢形成氢键，使ＣＯ，Ｈ─Ｃ及Ｃ─Ｃｌ的振动频率变化，峰形加宽．     

Genomic variation and point mutations analysis of Indian COVID-19 patient samples submitted in GISAID database

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) endemic has havoc on the world; the causative virus of the pandemic is SARS CoV-2. Pharmaceutical companies and academic institutes are in continuous efforts to identify anti-viral therapy or vaccines, but the most significant challenge faced is the highly evolving genome of SARS CoV-2, which is imparting evolutionary selective benefits to the virus. To understand the viral mutations, we have retrieved nine hundred and thirty-four samples from different states of India via the GISAID database and analyzed the frequency of all types of point mutation in all structural, non-structural proteins, and accessory factors of SARS CoV-2. Spike glycol protein, nsp3, nsp6, nsp12, N and NS3 were the most evolving proteins. High frequency point mutations were Q496P (nsp2), A380V (nsp4), A994D (nsp3), L37F (nsp6), P323L & A97V (nsp12), Q57H (ns3), D614G (S), P13L (N), R203K (N), G204R (N) and S194L (N).     

碱性介质中二(碲酸根)合铜(Ⅲ)酸根氧化乙二醇一乙醚的反应动力学及机理

在碱性介质中用分光光度法研究了二过碲酸合铜(Ⅲ)配离子(DTC)氧化乙二醇一乙醚(EGE)的反应动力学及机理。反应速率表明:反应对DTC为准一级,对EGE为分数级;在保持准一级条件([EGE]》[DTC])下,表观速率常数随着OH^-浓度的增加而增大,随着TeO₄^2-浓度的增加而减小;有负的盐效应。据此提出了包括配离子和EGE形成络合物的前期平衡的反应机理,由假设反应机理推出的速率方程能很好的解释全部实验现象,进一步求得速控步的速率常数和活化