Micro Salting-Out Assisted Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion: A Simple and Fast Sample Preparation Method for the Analysis of Bisphenol Contaminants in Bee Pollen

In the present work, a novel sample preparation method, micro salting-out assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion (μ-SOA-MSPD), was developed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol B (BPB) contaminants in bee pollen. The proposed method was designed to combine two classical sample preparation methodologies, matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and homogenous liquid-liquid extraction (HLLE), to simplify and speed-up the preparation process. Parameters of μ-SOA-MSPD were systematically investigated, and results indicated the significant effect of salt and ACN-H₂O extractant on the signal response of analytes. In addition, excellent clean-up ability in removing matrix components was observed when primary secondary amine (PSA) sorbent was introduced into the blending operation. The developed method was fully validated, and the limits of detection for BPA and BPB were 20 μg/kg and 30 μg/kg, respectively. Average recoveries and precisions were ranged from 83.03% to 94.64% and 1.76% to 5.45%, respectively. This is the first report on the analysis of bisphenol contaminants in bee pollen sample, and also on the combination of MSPD and HLLE. The present method might provide a new strategy for simple and fast sample preparation of solid and semi-solid samples.     

表面胶团修饰电极电化学测定双酚A的增敏机理及抗污性能研究

分别以2种阴离子表面活性剂(SDS、SDBS)、3种季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂(CTAB、TTAB、DTAB)和2种季铵盐型双子表面活性剂(12-3-12、12-4-12)修饰碳糊电极。通过原子力显微镜、接触角以及分析物在电极表面的电化学行为探讨了不同表面活性剂在电极表面的吸附情况,推测在浓度大于临界胶束浓度(CMC)时,季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂CTAB、TTAB、12-3-12和12-4-12在碳糊电极表面形成了圆柱形的表面胶团,而DTAB和SDS可能是饱和单分子层吸附。以BPA为分析物,研究了表面活性剂修饰电极对BPA的电化学增敏机理,结果表明修饰电极对双酚A(BPA)的电化学增敏作用主要是因为表面胶团对BPA的增溶作用,表面活性剂和BPA间的阳离子-π作用是表面胶团增溶BPA的主要原因。     

Initial reaction mechanism between HO· and bisphenol‐F: Conformational dependence and the role of nonbond interactions

Hydroxyl radical (HO·) plays an important role in the initial pyrolysis of hydroxyl‐containing polymers, such as phenolic resin (PR). In this study, the reaction mechanism between HO· and bisphenol‐F (BPF) or tetra‐methyl substituted BPFs, which were taken as the model molecules of PR, was studied with the density functional theory approach. The results based on the Fukui function and reduced density gradient function showed that, both the hydroxyls and the carbon atoms in the phenolic groups are the reactive sites for HO· attack. The hydroxyls are most likely to be attacked by HO· owing to the strong electrostatic potential around the hydroxyls and the low reaction barriers, especially for cis‐ o‐o' type BPF. The strong p—π (CH—π and OH—π) interaction between the phenolic rings in BPF leads to decreased conjugative effect of the phenolic rings, which further lead to decreased addition barriers and reaction rate constant.     

Sensitive determination of typical phenols in environmental water samples by magnetic solid‐phase extraction with polyaniline@SiO2@Fe as the adsorbents before HPLC

A novel magnetic core–shell material polyaniline@SiO₂@Fe (PANI@SiO₂@Fe) has been successfully synthesized and investigated as an effective adsorbent for the magnetic solid‐phase extraction of typical endocrine disrupting compounds such as bisphenol A, tetrabromobisphenol A, and 4‐nonylphenol from water samples. The morphology of the as‐prepared PANI@SiO₂@Fe was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The main parameters that influenced the enrichment performance such as the kind of eluent, amount of adsorbent, volume of eluent, adsorption time, elution time, ionic strength, pH, concentration of humic acid, and sample volume were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, a good linear relationship was found in the range of 0.05–100 μg/L for bisphenol A, 0.05–300 μg/L for tetrabromobisphenol A, and 0.05–250 μg/L for 4‐nonylphenol, respectively. The correlation coefficients are all above 0.995. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.009–0.04 μg/L, and precisions were under 3.73% (n  = 6). The real water analysis indicated that the spiked recoveries were in the range of 92.9–98.9% (n  = 3). All these results indicated that the developed method was an efficient tool for the analysis of bisphenol A, tetrabromobisphenol A, and 4‐nonylphenol.     

磺化双酚芴型聚醚醚酮质子交换膜的制备及其在钒流电池中的应用

以双酚芴为结构单元合成双酚型聚醚醚酮聚合物,聚醚醚酮经浓硫酸磺化在双酚芴结构单元中引入磺化基团制备出聚醚醚酮质子交换膜(SF-PEEK)。 用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)、热重分析(TG)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等方法对聚醚醚酮质子交换膜的结构进行表征。 结果表明,磺酸基团被成功地在聚醚醚酮侧基上,SF-PEEK膜具有明显的亲水疏水微相分离形貌,磺酸基团相互聚集成形成离子通道。 SF-PEEK膜离子交换容量(IEC)达到1.97 mmol/g时,其电导率达到4.15×10^-2 S/cm,略低于Nafion117膜的5.67×10^-2 S/cm,但其钒离子渗透率仅为Nafion117膜的20.1%,表现出极好的离子选择性。 在钒流电池测试中,SF-PEEK膜在不同电流密度下库伦效率均高于Nafion117膜,其中IEC为1.97 mmol/g的SF80-PEEK608(80为SF的物质的量分数,608为60 ℃反应8 h)库伦效率在电流密度为40 mA/cm²时达到最大值80.9%,高于Nafion117膜的78.8%。 在自放电测试中,以SF80-PEEK608膜组装的电池的自放电时间为90 h,高于Nafion117膜的57 h。     

短孔道介孔分子筛Zr-Ce-SBA-15固载酸性离子液体催化合成双酚F

通过化学键接的方式,将酸性离子液体(ILs)分别负载于两种不同的硅基载体上,成功制备了SBA-15-ILs(SILs)与Zr-Ce-SBA-15-ILs(ZCSILs)等两种固载化酸性离子液体。 通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、热重分析仪(TG-DTG)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、N₂吸附-脱附比表面仪(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)与有机元素分析仪(OEA)等对所制备催化剂的物化性能进行了表征,并进一步研究了其在甲醛-苯酚合成二羟基二苯基甲烷(双酚F,BPF)中的催化活性。 结果表明:短孔道的ZCSILs具有较高比表面积、较多的离子液体负载量和相对优异的催化活性。 当m(催化剂)/m(甲醛)=0.36,n(苯酚)/n(甲醛)=30,反应时间90 min、反应温度90 ℃时,BPF收率可达95.6%,对4,4′-BPF的选择性达到44.8%,且所制备的ZCSILs重复使用5次后,依然显示优异的催化活性。     

双酚F型聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备与性能

以4-氯代酞酰亚胺和双酚F为原料,在N,N′-二甲基乙酰胺溶剂中,经水解、酸化、脱水,合成了一种新型的双酚F型二酐(BPFDA)单体,并用1H NMR和IR测试方法确认了其结构。 采用传统的一步法,用N,N′-二甲基乙酰胺作溶剂,BPFDA分别与4,4′-二氨基二苯醚（ODA）和4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷（MDA）聚合,得到聚酰胺酸,并进一步热亚胺化得到聚酰亚胺薄膜,并对其进行了表征。 结果表明,BPFDA/ODA薄膜和BPFDA/MDA薄膜的玻璃化转变温度分别为200和204 ℃; 热失重分析表明,质量损失5%的温度分别为506.50和459.10 ℃;其拉伸强度分别为110和100 MPa。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定污水处理厂水样中双酚A、四溴双酚A及烷基酚类化合物

近年来,双酚A、四溴双酚A及烷基酚类化合物由于其对水生生物的内分泌干扰作用受到越来越广泛的关注。污水处理厂是处理这类化合物的重要途径,研究目标物在其中的浓度分布对于探明此类物质在环境中的暴露水平具有重要意义,而建立相应的分析测定方法则是开展上述研究的基础。本研究建立了同时测定污水处理厂水样中双酚A、四溴双酚A及6种烷基酚类化合物的反相液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱分析方法。结果发现,以ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱（150 mm×2.1 mm,3.5 μm）为分离柱,乙腈和0.02%（v/v）氨水溶液为梯度洗脱的流动相,电喷雾质谱负离子模式下目标化合物在11 min内分离;在1~100 μg/L范围内,双酚A、四溴双酚A及6种烷基酚类化合物的峰面积与质量浓度的线性关系良好（R²≥0.998）,方法定量限为2.0~20 ng/L;添加水平分别为0.2、2、20 μg/L时,目标化合物的平均回收率分别为64.3%~118.0%、65.9%~100.5%、70.3%~102.7%,相对标准偏差均小于7.1%。基于上述方法,对江苏省某工业园区污水处理厂水样中相关物质进行检测,出水中检出5种目标化合物,质量浓度范围为11.9~3015.3 ng/L。结果表明,该方法准确可靠、灵敏度高,适用于污水处理厂水样中相关烷基酚类化合物的检测。     

亚临界水萃取-高效液相色谱法测定聚碳酸酯水杯中双酚A和苯酚的迁移量

建立了亚临界水萃取-高效液相色谱同时测定聚碳酸酯(PC)水杯中双酚A和苯酚迁移量的方法。选择萃取温度120 ℃、萃取压力6.89 MPa(1000 psi)、静态萃取时间1 h、萃取1次对11种样品进行测定。双酚A的迁移量为6.81～11.16 μg/g。5种样品中未检出苯酚,其余样品中苯酚迁移量为3.25～6.08 μg/g。在优化的测定条件下,双酚A和苯酚在8 min内达到基线分离。双酚A和苯酚分别在0.05～20 mg/L和0.02～20 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.9997,检出限分别为7.6 μg/L和2.0 μg/L。日内及日间的重复性(以RSD计)分别小于5.21%及11.63%。传统的浸提法结果表明长时间浸提会使PC材料发生微弱水解。相比传统的浸提法,该方法的萃取效率提高了49～106倍。该方法简便、快速、环保,可用来测定PC水杯中双酚A和苯酚的迁移量。     

双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)双酚醚类化合物的合成

以双酚化合物及对卤苯酚为起始原料,经用苄基保护、乌尔曼成醚、选择性硝化和还原脱保护4步反应,合成了具有双酚芳香醚结构的4个新型聚苯并噁唑单体：双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)双酚醚类化合物的盐酸盐。 确定了乌尔曼成醚反应的最佳工艺条件,证明硝化反应只发生在对卤苯酚苄保护基的邻位,改进了还原脱保护反应的成盐及后处理条件,提高了产物的质量和收率,4步反应总收率可达54.0%。 采用红外光谱、核磁共振H谱和高分辨质谱表征了每步产物的化学结构。