蒙特卡罗模拟光通过大气后的时间分布

采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了光通过光学特性参数不同的大气后透射光时间分布.分析了大气的散射系数、吸收系数、不对称因子及折射率对透射光时间分布的影响.结果表明:透射光时间分布曲线存在两个峰,分别对应子弹光与漫射光.各光学参数界定了子弹光、蛇形光、漫射光的大小和时间范围,并从统计模拟的角度解释了折射率大的大气中难以成像的因为.     

激光制备类金刚石膜技术研究

现有技术制备的类金刚石(DLC)膜由于含氢、硬度低、内应力大、附着力差等特点,严重限制了其光学工程应用.激光法是近年发展的一种制备DLC膜的新方法,相比其他制备方法具有诸多优点.综合分析了激光制备DLC膜过程中,激光波长、脉宽、功率密度、衬底温度和偏压等因素对薄膜质量的影响规律.采用氧气氛辅助沉积、元素掺杂和双波长激光...     

Valence control of cobalt oxide thin films by annealing atmosphere

The cobalt oxide (CoO and Co₃O₄) thin films were successfully prepared using a spin-coating technique by a chemical solution method with CH₃OCH₂CH₂OH and Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O as starting materials. The grayish cobalt oxide films had uniform crystalline grains with less than 50 nm in diameter. The phase structure is able to tailor by controlling the annealing atmosphere and temperature, in which Co₃O₄ thin film was obtained by annealing in air at 300-600, and N₂ at 300, and transferred to CoO thin film by raising annealing temperature in N₂. The fitted X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the Co2p electrons are distinguishable from different valence states of cobalt oxide especially for their satellite structure. The valence control of cobalt oxide thin films by annealing atmosphere contributes to the tailored optical absorption property.     

CO_2气氛对燃料N析出特性的影响

在水平管式炉上进行徐州烟煤在Ar和CO_2气氛下的热解试验,研究CO_2气氛对燃料N析出特性的影响。结果发现,两种气氛下,NH_3的收率随温度的升高均先升高后减小,在800℃时达到一个最大值,Ar气氛下此最大值比CO_2气氛下大很多;两种气氛下,HCN的收率均随温度的升高而升高。两种气氛下随着温度的升高,HCN与NH_3的收率比均升高,但在CO_2气氛下收率比更大,说明CO_2的氧化作用和气化作用促进了燃料N向HCN的转化。     

减压氩气环境下激光显微光谱分析再现性和灵敏度的研究

以金属合金光谱分析标样为样品，采用激光显微发射光谱分析系统在减压氩气环境下，实验研究了光谱分析再现性和灵敏度。以原子线作为分析线的RSD减压氩气环境好于常压空气环境，以离子线作为分析线的RSD基本相同，样品的组成和元素的浓度对分析线的RSD有较大的影响。测定的铝合金样品Cu,Zn,Mg浓度曲线斜率是空气环境下的1．5－2倍，表明分析灵敏度得到明显改善，有利于激光显微光谱分析范围的扩展。     

激光雷达对中层顶大气密度起伏的探测

利用钠荧光散射激光雷达对中层顶（７５～１０５ｋｍ）高度的钠原子层进行探测，以钠原子作为示踪物，通过反演得到了该区域大气密度起伏随高度分布和随时间变化关系．结果表明，中层顶附近大气密度起伏远大于平流层和对流层，在２ｈ内，密度起伏可达５％，３日平均Ｒｉｃｈｏｒｄｓｏｎ数为０．４６．     

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF MESOSCALE IRRIGATION OVER ARID LAND ON MESOSCALE CLIMATE

The present study investigated the modification of mesoscale inhomogeneous distribu-tion of soil wetness, resulting from mesoscale irrigation over arid or semiarid lands in mid-latitude in the later summer or early autumn, on mesoscale climate under conditions withand without synoptic flow influence, using an interactive model between soil and atmo-sphere. The simulations indicated that after a mesoscale irrgation, a wet soil breeze circu-lation was thermally forced, which was, in many features, similar to that of the sea breezecirculation. The influence of synoptic flows on the structure of thermally--induced wet soilbreeze circulation was also discussed.     

Parameter study of sound propagation between city canyons with a coupled FDTD-PE model

A parameter study is performed for the case of two-dimensional sound propagation from a (source) city canyon to a nearby, identical (receiver) city canyon. Focus was on sound pressure levels, relative to the free field, in the shielded canyon. An accurate and efficient coupled FDTD-PE model was applied, exploiting symmetry of the source and receiver canyon. With the proposed calculation method, simulations were necessary in only half the sound propagation domain. The shielding in the receiver canyon in case of a coherent line source was compared to the shielding by an incoherent line source, by means of sound propagation calculations in a number of 2D cross-sections through source and receiver. It was found that the shielding is rather insensitive to the width-height ratio of the canyons. The presence of diffusely reflecting façades and balconies lead to an important increase in shielding compared to flat façades. Rigid façades yield significantly lower shielding compared to partly reflecting façades. Effects of a moving atmosphere were modeled in detail. Shielding decreases significantly in case of downwind sound propagation when comparing to sound propagation in a non-moving atmosphere. Refraction is the most important effect in the latter. In case of upwind sound propagation, turbulent scattering plays an important role and the shielding is similar to the one of a non-moving atmosphere for the parameters used in this paper. The combination of effects, as is shown by some examples, is in general not a simple addition of the separate effects.     

Mathematical Models for Studying Environment Pollution Risks

The problem of longterm ecological prediction by means of mathematical modeling with available factual data on climate dynamics is discussed. The technique of quantitative estimates of risk/vulnerability on the basis of forward and inverse modeling and methods of the sensitivity theory is described. Examples of the calculated risk domains for Lake Baikal are given.