Mathematical modeling of the operation of SOFC Nickel-cermet anodes

A surface diffusion–reaction model is developed and solved to describe the steady-state operation of Nickel-cermet anodes in solid oxide fuel cells. The model accounts for the migration (backspillover) and diffusion of oxygen ions from the solid electrolyte onto the nickel surface and the concomitant reaction with the fuel over a finite reaction zone extending from the three-phase boundaries onto the Ni–gas interface. The model is developed for various nickel particle geometries and is compared with existing anode model predictions for flat geometries. The performance of the anode, expressed by an anodic effectiveness factor, is found to depend on two dimensionless numbers, which contain all the operational and structural information of the anode. The model is validated with literature experimental data regarding the dependence of the anode performance on the fuel partial pressure and predicts correctly the observed deviation from linearity of the dependence of cell current on fuel partial pressure.     

纳米La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ阴极粉体的溶液燃烧法合成与性能表征

采用硝酸盐-甘氨酸溶液燃烧法合成了La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-?啄(LSCF)前驱粉体, 通过XRD、BET、FESEM及激光粒度仪等手段对粉体进行表征. 结果表明, 所合成的LSCF粉体为纯钙钛矿结构, 具有高达22.9 m2·g-1的比表面积, 粒度均匀, 平均颗粒尺寸为175 nm. 非等温烧结实验表明该粉体具有良好的低温烧结活性. 在阳极NiO-YSZ(氧化钇稳定氧化锆)负载的电解质YSZ上, 于800 ℃烧结制备LSCF阴极组成的单元电池Ni-YSZ/YSZ/LSCF, 在700 ℃下以H2作燃料时具有良好的电池性能, 最大功率密度为0.97 W·cm-2, 在0.7 V时的功率密度约达到0.83 W·cm-2. 这种无中间缓冲层的低温制备LSCF阴极方法, 简化了电池结构及其制备过程, 同时提高了电池的性能.     

TOF‐SIMS studies of yttria‐stabilised zirconia

The surface of an as‐polished and an as‐sintered yttria‐stabilised zirconia pellet was analysed with XPS and TOF‐SIMS (depth profiling and imaging) in order to study the distribution of impurities. The polished sample was slightly contaminated with Na, K, Mg and Ca. The sintered sample showed a thin surface film of segregated species, especially Na, Si and Al. Below the surface film, it was found that the grain boundaries were filled with impurities. The chemical compositions of the as‐polished and as‐sintered surfaces are very different and the surface state should be considered when performing electrochemical measurements. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Y2O3/ZrO2中空纤维陶瓷膜的制备与表征

本文结合相转化技术和干湿法纺丝工艺制备了以YSZ(以摩尔分数为8%的Y2O3稳定的ZrO2)为原料的中空纤维陶瓷膜, 考察了YSZ粉体的粒度分布和形貌, 并研究了YSZ中空纤维陶瓷膜的气密性、 孔特性、 机械性能、 微观结构及晶型变化等.     

Preparation and characterization of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous yttria-stabilized zirconia by aqueous organic gel route

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3-DOM) yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was prepared by aqueous organic gel method through the interstitial spaces between polystyrene spheres assembled on glass substrates. The morphologies and pore size of the porous YSZ were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption. The thermal behavior, the phase and chemical composition of PS/YSZ composite were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that porous YSZ has been formed with the pores arranged in an ordered close-packed three-dimensional structure. Ni/YSZ cermet was also prepared by immersing the 3-DOM YSZ into the solution of nickel nitrate and urea. The electrical conductivity of Ni/YSZ was about 400 S cm⁻¹ between 600 and 800 °C.     

Preparation of electrolyte membranes for micro tubular solid oxide fuel cells

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) micro tubular electrolyte membranes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) were prepared via the combined wet phase inversion and sintering technique. The as-derived YSZ mi- cro tubes consist of a thin dense skin layer and a thick porous layer that can serve as the electrode of fuel cells. The dense and the porous electrolyte layers have the thickness of 3-5 μm and 70-90 μm, respectively, while the inner surface porosity of the porous layer is higher than 28.1%. The two layers are perfectly integrated together to preclude the crack or flake of electrolyte film from the electrode. The presented method possesses distinct advantages such as technological simplicity, low cost and high reliability, and thus provides a new route for the preparation of micro tubular SOFCs.     

Ceramic asymmetric hollow fibre membranes—One step fabrication process

Ceramic hollow fibre membranes which have an asymmetric structure have been prepared in one step, using an immersion induced phase inversion technique. With this method, membranes with a high surface area per unit volume ratio can be produced, while production cost is dramatically reduced. Yttria-stabilised zirconia (YSZ) is selected as a membrane material, as it is relatively inexpensive and has superior mechanical strength as well as oxygen ion conducting properties. Therefore, both the porous and non-porous membranes prepared from the YSZ have potential applications. For example, the porous YSZ membranes can be used for fluid separations in harsh environments where normal polymeric membranes cannot be sustained, while the non-porous YSZ membranes can be applied as a solid electrolyte in electrochemical devices such as solid oxide fuel cells, oxygen pumps and chemical gas sensors.Gas permeation analysis suggests that non-porous YSZ hollow fibre membranes can be prepared at sintering temperature of 1400 °C or greater, below which the membrane contains pores. Pore sizes of the YSZ porous membrane prepared fall into the pore size range of ultrafiltration membranes. However, the surface porosities of the membranes prepared from two-population sized particles at sintering temperatures of 1200 °C and 1400 °C are around 5000 m⁻¹ and 300 m⁻¹, respectively. The former is comparable to polymeric membranes, while the latter is an order of the magnitude smaller.     

Preparation of YSZ thin films for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells by dip-coating method

By studying the effects of different solvents, dispersants and solid loading amount on the suspension stability from sedimentation and viscosity experiments, a simple, effective and highly stable YSZ particle suspension based on MEK/EtOH was developed for dip-coating anode supported electrolyte films for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). The morphologies of the prepared YSZ thin films from different dip-coating times were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a film with a thickness of 16 μm by twice dip-coating was determined to be homogeneous, crack-free and well adherent to the anode substrate. The single cell assembled with this film presents an open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.01 V, and a maximum power density of 262 mW cm⁻² under H₂ as the fuel at 800 °C.     

SDC/YSZ双层电解质薄膜的制备与特性

利用脉冲激光沉积技术(PLD)在MgO单晶片基底上制备Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ/ZrO2∶Y2O3 (SDC/YSZ)双层电解质薄膜.X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的结果显示SDC/YSZ双层电解质薄膜沿(111)方向择优生长,随着退火温度的升高,薄膜变得均匀致密,结晶度得到改善,(111)衍射峰强度变大,择优生长取向明显;电化学测量表明,SDC/YSZ双层电解质薄膜的离子电导率比单层YSZ薄膜的离子电导率高.     

中温平板型固体氧化物燃料电池研究

采用流延法制备Ni/YSZ阳极支撑体 YSZ电解质复合膜素坯.经等静压,共烧结而得到的复合膜,其YSZ电解质层的厚度在1530μm之间,面积大于100cm2.再将由柠檬酸盐法合成的Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9(CSO)和固相法合成的La0.6Sr0.4CoO3(LSCO)相继沉积到YSZ膜上形成有CSO中间层的复合阴极,从而构成Ni/YSZ/CSO/LSCO的中温平板型固体氧化物燃料(单体)电池,其中Ni/YSZ为阳极,CSO是中间层,LSCO为阴极.以H2作燃料气,O2为氧化气,850℃下,该单电池开路电压达1.1V,最大输出功率密度0.2W/cm2.本文还对该单电池复数阻抗谱进行了分析讨论.