Sulfur hexafluoride as a mobile phase for supercritical fluid chromatography

Summary The capabilities of sulfur hexafluoride as a mobile phase for supercritical-fluid chromatography are investigated. An evaluation of its overall utility on the basis of separations of standard aromatic hydrocarbon odel mixtures performed on a variety of bonded-phase, packed columns with UV detection is presented. The dependence of separation performance upon operational parameters is also examined. A comparative evaluation of the chroamtographic properties of supercitrical sulfur hexafluoride and those of supercritical carbon dioxide is developed from these separations under corresponding supercritical state conditions.     

稀土-沸石-TiO2三元体系光催化材料的性能研究

以钛酸丁酯、稀土硝酸盐、斜发沸石为主要原料,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了稀土-沸石-TiO2三元体系的光催化剂.使用IR,TG-DSC,XRD,SEM等手段对样品进行了表征; 以甲基橙为目标物,太阳光为光源,用光解率对光催化剂性能进行了评价.实验表明,随着沸石负载TiO2量的增加,光催化剂的3 h光解率也逐渐提高; 反应体系的温度越高,光解率越大; 当溶液pH约等于5时,光解率达到最大.     

Cu/MoO3-TiO2/SiO2上光催化CO2和C3H8合成异丁烯醛的研究

采用表面改性法和等体积浸渍法制备了金属修饰的负载型复合半导体材料Cu/MoO3-TiO2/SiO2, 用X射线衍射、 比表面积测定、 红外光谱、 拉曼光谱和紫外-可见漫反射等技术对固体材料的结构、 吸光性能和化学吸附性能进行了表征, 研究了该材料对CO2和丙烷合成异丁烯醛的光促表面催化规律. 结果表明, 半导体活性组分MoO3和TiO2在所制备的催化剂Cu/MoO3-TiO2/SiO2表面形成化学键, 并存在多种活性吸附位; 金属Cu的修饰拓展了固体材料对光源的响应范围, 提高了反应体系的吸光能力; 固体材料对CO2和丙烷的有效吸附使其在较低温度下就能促进异丁烯醛的紫外光化学合成, 反应选择性达到85％左右. 根据实验结果对光促CO2和丙烷表面催化合成异丁烯醛的机理进行了讨论.     

超声MnO2联用降解丁基罗丹明B染料

采用超声MnO2体系降解丁基罗丹明B染料,考察了pH值、声强、MnO2投加量等因素对染料降解过程的影响。实验结果表明,溶液pH=3.0,MnO2投加量为1.5g/L,声强=40.7W/cm2,超声辐照10mg/L的罗丹明B溶液48m in,染料的脱色率为98.73%;超声和MnO2的协同效应在酸性条件下较为明显,溶液中产生大量.OH强化了对染料的声化学脱色和降解过程;丁基罗丹明B的超声降解过程以自由基的氧化反应为主,服从动力学一级反应。     

Cu/TiO2-NiO上光促表面催化CO2和H2O合成CH3OH反应规律

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了n(电子型)-p(空穴型) 复合半导体材料0.5％Cu/TiO2-2.0％NiO (w),利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(IR)、紫外-可见光漫反射(UV-Vis)、程序升温脱附(TPD)技术对材料结构、吸光性能、化学吸附性能进行了表征,研究了该材料对CO2和H2O合成CH3OH的光促表面催化反应(PSSR)规律.结果表明,所制备材料能够明显促进目的反应,室温条件下即有CH3OH生成.在200 ℃下,由于光-表面-热的协同效应,CO2转化率得以提高,且CH3OH的选择性达到87.5％ .根据实验结果,得出CO2在材料表面的卧式吸附态为CH3OH的前驱物,并对PSSR机理进行了讨论.     

二氧化铈还原表面上水煤气变换反应机理

采用原位红外，程序升温脱附，脉冲表面反应技术研究了ＣｅＯ２还原表面在中温变换反应条件下表面物种的生成及脱附，并根据研究结果归纳出水煤气变换反应机理。     

纳米二氧化硅标准物质候选物的制备

以正硅酸乙酯和去离子水为反应物,氨水为催化剂,乙醇为共溶剂,通过沉淀反应制备窄分布的纳米二氧化硅标准物质候选物。利用扫描电子显微镜分析考察了氨水的用量对制备的二氧化硅粒度的影响。     

Kinetically Controlled Solid State Reactions in the System InCl/SnCl2

This paper reports on studies on the reaction of InCl with SnCl₂ to form ternary halides. The reaction route is investigated by x‐ray investigations at different temperatures. Depending on the modification of InCl as educt and on the temperature conditions the reaction follows different pathways which may include intermediate redox reactions of the type In⁺ + Sn²⁺ → In³⁺ + Sn⁰.     

Analysis to obtain precise density fluctuation of supercritical fluids by small-angle X-ray scattering

A procedure of analysis for small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data has been established to obtain density fluctuation of supercritical fluids near the critical point. It is indispensable for the certain analysis to utilize both of high-quality SAXS data measured under stable thermodynamic condition and accurate P–ρ–T data in supercritical region. As a standard example, SAXS measurements have been performed for supercritical CO₂, which is a suitable sample satisfying the condition for both experiment and analysis. The measurements were carried out along four isothermal conditions at reduced temperature of T_r = T/T_c = 1.020, 1.022, 1.043 and 1.064. Comparing the experimental density fluctuation with calculated one from the most reliable equation of state, the differences are within 8% at most.     

Influence of Gas Atmosphere on Removal of Sulphate Groups From Titanium Oxide

The studies were devoted to determination of the effect of gas atmosphere and its pressure on the second step of decomposition of hydrated titanium dioxide (HTD) promoted by sulfate groups. It has been found that thermal decomposition of HTD at temperatures above 300°C consists of a number of processes such as dehydroxylation, desulfuration, recrystallization and sintering of solid grains, photochemical processes (if the decomposition proceeds in the presence of light) and adsorption of gas phase components (in the presence of air or SO₂). Kinetic parameters characterizing this step of decomposition have been determined for processes carried out in vacuum and in argon or air atmospheres (at a pressure of 13.33hPa). The kinetic curves of decomposition carried out in the presence of gases capable of being adsorbed on the surface of partly dehydrated HTD are featured by local extrema due to simultaneous processes of decomposition and adsorption of gas components. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.