手性Salen配合物水解拆分环氧氯丙烷的动力学

在立体控制合成有机化合物方面,环氧化合物是一类极有价值的中间体,其中以外消旋混合物形式存在的端基环氧化合物因其价廉易得更是备受关注. 在试图获得高光学纯形式环氧化物的研究中,Jacobsen等[1]对消旋的端基环氧化物的水解动力学拆分(HKR)反应,取得了令人鼓舞的结果,获得了高立体选择性和高产率的手性环氧化物(Y=44%,e.e.＞98%)和1,2-二醇化合物(Y=50%,e.e.=98%). 在该项研究中,水是唯一的试剂,手性Salen-CoⅢ显示出良好的催化性能,并得到反应速率与催化剂浓度的平方成正比的反应动力学结果. Jacobsen等[2]又将手性Salen-CoⅢ催化剂固载于聚苯乙烯树脂和硅胶上,用于催化HKR反应,产物的对映选择性又获得进一步提高(Y=41%,e.e.=99%);他们提出了与Salen-CrⅢ配合物催化TMSN3(三甲基叠氮基硅烷)开环环氧化物相似的双金属协同作用机理[3]. 近年来,Salen金属催化的HKR反应广泛地用于高光学纯药物中间体和天然产物的制备. 首先,Jacobsen等[4,5]成功地利用HKR反应高选择性地制备合成出多种β-肾上腺素的关键中间体,并完成了天然产物Muconin的首次全合成. 随后,Gurjar等[6]和Gandour等[7]也通过HKR反应合成了一些在天然产物及药物分子不对称合成中有广泛应用的中间体. 在国内,上海有机化学所的戴立信等[8]利用HKR反应成功地合成了三种β-肾上腺素的构建模块. 吴毓林等[9,10]则通过HKR反应完成了天然番茄枝内酯类化合物4-Deoxyannomontacin的全合成. 所有这些工作,或是重在提高产物的对映体过量及催化剂的活性,或是重在HKR反应在天然产物及药物化学合成中的应用. 由于对外消旋环氧化物的水解拆分反应机理缺乏详细的研究,从而限制了对新型催化剂的开发及对现有催化剂的改进. 本文以各类手性Salen金属配合物为催化剂,通过对水解拆分环氧氯丙烷反应动力学的研究,考察了浓度、温度、催化剂种类对HKR反应的影响,得到一些反应动力学规律;根据动力学实验数据,进一步证实了环氧氯丙烷的水解拆分反应属于双金属催化的过程.     

聚类卟啉金属配合物*

为模拟天然卟啉所具有的特殊生理活性,结构与性能各异的多种金属卟啉被合成并应用于许多领域。实际上,天然金属卟啉是在特定天然高分子-蛋白质营造的空穴中才能发挥其独特的性质,因此,类卟啉金属配合物的高分子化逐渐受到关注,并在载氧、催化、导电等领域取得重要成果。基于结合方式不同,高分子类卟啉金属配合物可分为高分子担载类卟啉金属配合物与聚类卟啉金属配合物。其中,后者以稳定的类卟啉环作为高分子链,不但使高分子骨架稳定,而且活性中心与类卟啉金属配合物之间有效间隔,同时活性中心相对密集,使其表现出较高的稳定性与活性。线形与平面型聚金属卟啉与金属酞菁表现出良好的导电性与催化活性;手性Salen席夫碱易于聚合得到线形或网状聚Salen希夫碱金属配合物,其表现出较强的催化活性、高ee值和可循环性。异双核聚类卟啉金属配合物也表现出较强的催化活化分子氧性能。     

新型（Salen）Co催化剂催化合成沙丁胺醇

以（Salen）Co-GaC13为催化剂,拆分2-乙酰氧基5-环氧乙基-乙酸苄酯以得到R-型产品,设计新的手性沙丁胺醇的合成路线.结果表明,以（Salen）Co-GaCl3为催化剂、异丙醇为溶剂、水为亲核试剂,拆分2-乙酰氧基-5-环氧乙基-乙酸苄酯所得的产品光学纯度达到97.36％ ee.该方法催化剂廉价易得,拆分过程简便、成本低廉,具备工业化生产的潜力.     

Phosphorus‐containing Salen‐metal complexes investigated for enhancing the fire safety of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)

Three novel phosphorus‐containing Salen‐based derivatives (Salen‐DPCP‐M: M = Ni, Zn, and Mn), which include both phenyl phosphate structures (DPCP) and Salen‐metal complexes, were prepared for enhancing the fire safety of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that Salen‐DPCP‐M altered the thermal degradation pathways of TPU probably due to the phosphorus‐containing structure of Salen‐DPCP‐M. The cone calorimeter test showed that the addition of 3 wt% of Salen‐DPCP‐Ni, Salen‐DPCP‐Zn, and Salen‐DPCP‐Mn lowered the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) from 1495 kW/m² for neat TPU to 690, 875, and 813 kW/m², respectively, for the TPU composites, which demonstrated that Salen‐DPCP‐M improved the fire safety of TPU. In addition, the release of toxic CO gas from the Salen‐DPCP‐Ni/TPU and Salen‐DPCP‐Zn/TPU composites was reduced by 78.2% and 80.0%, respectively. The results of TGA/infrared spectrometry (TG‐FTIR) showed that the incorporation of Salen‐DPCP‐Ni promoted the release CO₂, while reducing the formation of harmful gases. Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that Salen‐DPCP‐Ni/TPU and Salen‐DPCP‐Zn/TPU composites formed a dense and stable char layer. Herein, the mechanism of these flame retardants containing novel phosphorus‐containing Salen‐metal complexes is also proposed.     

Selective Solid‐phase Extraction of Cu2+ by a Novel Cu(II)‐imprinted Silica Gel

A new Cu(II)‐imprinted salen functionalized silica gel adsorbent was synthesized by surface imprinting technique and was employed as a selective solid phase extraction material for Cu²⁺ removal from aqueous solutions. The samples were characterized by FT‐IR, ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR, CHNS and DTG techniques. The BET surface area of the silica gel was also determined. The adsorbent was then used for removal of Cu²⁺ from aqueous solutions under different experimental conditions. It was concluded that the synthesized imprinted silica gel had higher selectivity and capacity compared to the non‐imprinted silica gel and the maximal adsorption capacity of 67.3 and 56.5 mg.g^?1 was obtained respectively for ion‐imprinted and non‐imprinted adsorbents. The relative selectivity factor (β) of 50.32 and 31.94 was obtained respectively for Cu²⁺/Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺/Zn²⁺ pairs. The dynamic adsorption capacity of the imprinted adsorbent was close to the static adsorption capacity due to the fast kinetic of adsorption. Furthermore, the ion‐imprinted adsorbent was recovered and repeatedly used and satisfactory adsorption capacity with acceptable precision was obtained. Each experiment was repeated at least for three times and the mean and the standard deviation for each measurement were calculated. The applicability of the method was examined for Zayandehrood water as real sample. Acceptabe standard deviation was obtained.     

Trinuclear Cobalt(II) and Zinc(II) Salamo‐type Complexes: Syntheses,Crystal Structures,and Fluorescent Properties

Two trinuclear Co^II and Zn^II complexes, [(CoL)₂(OAc)₂Co] and [(ZnL)₂(OAc)₂Zn], with an asymmetric Salen‐type bisoxime ligand [H₂L = 4‐(N,N‐diethylamine)‐2,2′‐[ethylenediyldioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol] were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV/Vis, and fluorescent spectroscopy. The crystal structures of the Co^II and Zn^II complexes were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods. The Co^II atom is pentacoodinated by N₂O₂ donor atoms from the (L)^2– unit and one oxygen atom from the coordinated acetate ion, resulting in a trigonal bipyramid arrangement. With the help of intermolecular hydrogen bonding C–H ··· O and C–H ··· π interactions, a self‐assembled continual zigzag chain‐like supramolecular structure is formed. The Zn^II atom is pentacoodinated by N₂O₂ donor atoms from the (L)^2– unit and one oxygen atom from the coordinated acetate ion, resulting in an almost regular trigonal bipyramid arrangement. A self‐assembled continual 1D supramolecular chain‐like structure is formed by intermolecular hydrogen bonding C–H ··· O and C–H ··· π interactions. Additionally, the photophysical properties of the Co^II and Zn^II complexes were discussed.     

A practical ortho-rearrangement of silyl group of ortho-bromophenyl silyl ethers using magnesium(0)

A practical synthesis of ortho-silyl-substituted phenol from ortho-bromophenyl silyl ethers without using RLi is described. Various ortho-bromophenyl silyl ethers are treated with commercially available Mg turnings, which are easy to handle in air, and transfer of the silyl group to the ortho-position occurs in good to high yields. Selective mono-magnesiation of 2,6-dibromophenyl silyl ether is observed even in the presence of excess Mg, and ortho-bromo-6-silylphenol is obtained as the predominant product. The obtained ortho-silyl-substituted phenol is formylated with (CH₂O)_n/MgCl₂/Et₃N, and then condensation with a diamine leads to a silyl-substituted salen-type ligand in a good yield. This scheme is suitable for the large scale synthesis of silyl-substituted salen-type ligands bearing imine groups.     

埃洛石表面修饰并负载salen钼高效催化烯烃环氧化反应

采用温和的化学表面改性和自组装方法成功制备了埃洛石纳米管负载salen钼(HNTs-SL-Mo)催化剂,运用透射电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱、诱导偶合等离子体谱和X射线光电子能谱表征了催化剂的形态、大小和分散性等性质。结果证明了salen结构的存在和埃洛石配位钼催化剂的成功制备。制备的催化剂在各种烯烃的环氧化反应中均有很好的活性,且活性高于均相催化剂。对比实验表明,在固定MoO(O2)2(DMF)2时, salen结构发挥了重要作用,不能用N原子作为单一配体来代替。本文还推测了钼和salen配体可能的连接方式和该催化剂催化烯烃环氧化反应的机理。该催化剂在重复使用8次后其活性未见明显下降,表现出优异的重复使用性能。由于埃洛石是一种廉价易得的材料,因此它可为设计效果独特的催化剂提供一个选择。     

Luminescence of Salen Lanthanide Bimetallic Complexes: Dual Emission and Energy Transfer

The luminescence properties of the tetranuclear bimetallic lanthanide complexes Sm₂Eu₂ ( 1 ) and Eu₂Tb₂ ( 2 ), were compared with those of the analogous homometallic complexes [Sm₄(μ₃‐OH)₂(salen)₂(acac)₆(CH₃OH)₂] · CH₃OH ( 3 ) and [Eu₄(μ₃‐OH)₂(salen)₂(acac)₆(CH₃OH)₂] ( 4 ) [H₂salen = N, N′‐ethylenebis(salicylideneimine), Hacac = acetylacetonate]. X‐ray crystallographic analysis reveals that complexes 3 and 4 have planar tetranuclear structures. For the Eu₂Tb₂ configurational isomer, the Tb^III ion in complex 2 mainly serves as a sensitizer. The quantum yields and lifetime measurements for 2 support the premise that Ln/Ln energy transfer occurs in such lanthanide bimetallic complexes, along with the usual ligand‐to‐metal triplet energy pathways. Complexes 3 and 4 exhibit the characteristic metal‐centered emission.     

A Gallium(III) Complex that Engages Protein Disulfide Isomerase A3 (PDIA3) as an Anticancer Target

Gallium(III)-based drugs have gained momentum in cancer therapy due to their iron-dependent anticancer activity. Judicious choice of ligands is critical for improved oral bioavailability, antitumor efficacy, and distinct mechanisms from simple Ga^III salts. We describe Ga^III complexes with planar tetradentate salen ligands [salen=2,3-bis[(4-dialkylamino-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]but-2-enedinitrile)] and labile axial solvent ligands, which display tumor growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo comparable to cisplatin. Confocal fluorescence microscopy, western blotting, mRNA profiling, chemical proteomics, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies provide compelling evidence that PDIA3, a member of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, is a direct target of Ga-1 . This work offers a new route to designing and synthesizing Ga-based drugs, and also reveals that PDIA3 is an important anticancer target.