Combination of medical and health care based on digital smartphone-powered photochemical dongle for renal function management

Currently, the global healthcare market is increasing at high speed with the impendent global aging issue. Healthcare Industry 4.0 has emerged as an efficient solution towards the aging issue since it was integrated with ubiquitous medical sensors, big health processing platform, high bandwidth, speed technologies, and medical services, etc. It is believed to fulfil the requirement of the tremendously growing health market. The acquisition of medical data acts as the dominant precondition to implement the Healthcare Industry 4.0. In the same way, the widely available smartphone could serve as the best biomedical information collect station. In this study, a smartphone-powered photochemical dongle is demonstrated to precisely estimate blood creatinine from the fingertip blood, which works as a highly compact reflectance spectral analyzer with an enzymatically dry chemical test strip. Comparing with conventional laboratory facility for the evaluation and treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD), it implemented the platform of point care with agreed accuracy. In order to estimate the efficiency of treatment and recovery of the CKD, the proposed photochemical dongle would provide a flexible and rapid platform for point of care. Furthermore, the proposed measured technology is very promising method for remote CKD management.     

Effect of nitrate ions on the efficiency of sonophotochemical phenol degradation

A sonophotochemical oxidation process has been used for the treatment of an aqueous solution of phenol. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of nitrate ions on hydroxyl radical production and on phenol oxidation. It has been demonstrated that ultrasound can produce NOx (nitrate and nitrite), with a production rate of 2.2 μM min⁻¹. The photolysis of nitrate can significantly improve the hydroxyl radical production. The apparent rate constant for hydroxyl radical production increased from 0.0015 min⁻¹ to 0.0073 min⁻¹ while increasing initial nitrate concentration from 0 to 0.5 mM. The concentration of hydroxyl radical was directly proportional to the initial nitrate concentration. Using US/UV process, the apparent reaction rate constant of phenol degradation in the presence of nitrate reached 0.020 min⁻¹, which was relatively lower than the value obtained (0.027 min⁻¹) in the absence of nitrate. It appeared that, nitrate ions can inhibit the sonochemical degradation of organic compounds such as phenol.     

Sputter deposition of high transparent TiO2−xNx/TiO2/ZnO layers on glass for development of photocatalytic self-cleaning application

In this study, TiO_2−xN_x/TiO₂ double layers thin film was deposited on ZnO (80 nm thickness)/soda-lime glass substrate by a dc reactive magnetron sputtering. The TiO₂ film was deposited under different total gas pressures of 1 Pa, 2 Pa, and 4 Pa with constant oxygen flow rate of 0.8 sccm. Then, the deposition was continued with various nitrogen flow rates of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 sccm in constant total gas pressure of 4 Pa. Post annealing was performed on as-deposited films at various annealing temperatures of 400, 500, and 600 °C in air atmosphere to achieve films crystallinity. The structure and morphology of deposited films were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The chemical composition of top layer doped by nitrogen was evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Photocatalytic activity of samples was measured by degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye. The optical transmittance of the multilayer film was also measured using ultraviolet-visible light (UV-vis) spectrophotometer. The results showed that by nitrogen doping of a fraction (∼1/5) of TiO₂ film thickness, the optical transmittance of TiO_2−xN_x/TiO₂ film was compared with TiO₂ thin film. Deposited films showed also good photocatalytic and hydrophilicity activity at visible light.     

二氟沙星在中性水溶液中的光化学性质(英文)

对二氟沙星在中性水溶液中的光化学性质进行了研究.在pH值为7.17的水溶液中二氟沙星的紫外吸收峰位于273 nm(摩尔消光系数ε=33000 dm3·mol-1·cm-1),323 nm(ε=15500 dm3·mol-1·cm-1),335 nm(ε=15500 dm3·mol-1·cm-1)处.荧光吸收和发射光谱均显示二氟沙星具有pH效应,其pKa(电离平衡常数)测定分别为5.9和9.8.二氟沙星的荧光量子产额较低,在pH=3.00时达到最大值,为0.06.同时对二氟沙星在中性水溶液中的激光光解和脉冲辐解进行详细研究.激光光解研究发现在水溶液中二氟沙星的三重激发态位于620nm,其摩尔消光系数为7900 dm3·mol-1·cm-1.通过能量转移的方法得到其三重激发态的能量为263.5 kJ·mol-1,三重激发态的量子产额为0.21.在激光激发下,二氟沙星进行单光子电离其量子产额为0.02.脉冲辐解研究表明二氟沙星可以与水合电子(e-aq)及羟基自由基(·OH)快速反应,其二级反应动力学常数分别为1.72×1010和1.0×1010dm3·mol-1·s-1.本文对二氟沙星光化学性质的研究有助于确定其光敏毒性的产生机理.     

光化学反应在流动注射分析中的应用研究 Ⅲ.甲基橙光化学反应体系测定亚硝酸根、硝酸根和铁(Ⅲ)

基于NO_2~-、NO_3~-和Fe(Ⅲ)对甲基橙光化学褪色反应的催化作用,利用自制流通式光化学反应器,建立了流动注射光化学反应同时测定NO_2~-和NO_3~-以及测定Fe(Ⅲ)的新方法。测定NO_2~-和NO_3~-的线性范围都是0.1～3.2mg/L,每小时可测30～40个样品,测定Fe(Ⅲ)的线性范围为0.06～1.2mg/L,进样频率为60～80次/h。应用于蔬菜中NO_2~-、NO_3~-的测定和茶叶中铁的测定,结果满意。     

Photo-induced CdS nanoparticles growth

A photochemical approach on the size control of CdS nanoparticles is presented. CdS nanoparticles were grown using the photo-induced reaction of sodium thiosulfate with Cadmium sulfate, in the absence of any surfactant. Particles of 5.5–11 nm were obtained by changing the illumination time. The dark growth of nanoparticles was negligible, however we found by optical scattering measurements that a ripening phenomenon occurs and the size of nanoparticles slightly increases with time.     

汞同位素分离及其应用

本文报导了汞位素分离的三种方法及国外对汞同位素分离及其应用研究的进展。     

基于氨光化学响应的有机杂化溶胶-凝胶膜

研究了基于有机杂化硅氧烷的氨光化学传感器；实验通过四甲氧基硅烷（TMOS）和二甲基二甲氧基硅烷（DiMe-DMOS）的缩聚，获得以氨基荧光素（AF）为荧光指示探针，对氨有灵敏荧光响应的溶胶－凝胶敏感膜；实验考察了溶胶先驱体、各种比例杂化硅氧烷在玻璃支撑体上成膜后对体系pH、NH3浓度和响应时间的变化规律，发现DiMe-DMOS含量的变化改变杂化膜的极性，并使得敏感性对NH3有高荧光响应值，而对体系的pH不响应；实验结果表明在pH8.4，0.1mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液中，氨质量浓度与其相应的荧光强度在0．5－60mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系，敏感膜对NH3的95％响应时间为4min，常见的共存物质如氨基酸、胺和金属离子对NH3测定未见有明显的干扰。     

Influence of shape and surface properties of microstructured reaction areas on the deposition of silica

Differently shaped reaction areas for silica deposition were created by photochemical grafting of hydrophobic poly(acrylic acid 2-ethyl-hexylester) as barrier and a hydrophilic polymer employing a mask having hexagons, pentagons, squares and stripes. Poly(ethylene glycol), poly(acrylic acid), branched and linear poly(ethylene imine) and linear poly(methylpropylene imine) have been applied as hydrophilic polymer in the reaction area. These patterned films have been used in silica mineralization experiments by dipping them into a silica precursor solution. Investigations of the polymer films and silica depositions have been done by contact angle measurements, ellipsometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Silica deposition occurs only in the hydrophilically coated areas, resulting in regular arrays of lens-like silica particles. There are only minor differences due to the shape of the reaction area. The influence of the different hydrophilic polymers can be explained by their wetting behaviour.     

Determination of photoirradiated high polar benzoylureas in tomato by HPLC with luminol chemiluminescence detection

This study reports the first analytical application of luminol chemiluminescence reaction for the sensitive detection of two benzoylurea insecticides (diflubenzuron and triflumuron). Off-line experiments demonstrated that previously irradiated traces of these benzoylurea insecticides largely enhanced the chemiluminescence emission yielded from the oxidation of luminol in methanol:water mixtures, by potassium permanganate in alkaline medium, the enhancement being proportional to the concentration of both pesticides. The two benzoylureas were determined in tomato samples by coupling liquid chromatography with post-column photoderivatization and detection based on this chemiluminescence reaction. Tomato samples were extracted using the QuEChERS method based on extraction with acetonitrile and dispersive solid-phase clean-up using primary and secondary amine (PSA). Interferences due to matrix effect were overcome by using matrix-matched standards. The optimised method was validated with respect to linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision and accuracy. Under the optimised conditions, calibrations graphs were linear between 0.05 and 0.50 μg mL⁻¹ for diflubenzuron and between 0.10 and 1.00 μg mL⁻¹ for triflumuron. Method detection limits were 0.0025 and 0.0131 μg mL⁻¹ (equivalent to 0.0005 and 0.0026 mg kg⁻¹) and quantification limits were 0.05 and 0.10 μg mL⁻¹ (equivalent to 0.01 and 0.02 mg kg⁻¹) for diflubenzuron and triflumuron, respectively. In both cases, quantification limits were lower than the maximum residue levels (MRLs) established by the European legislation. The relative standard deviation of intra-day precision was below 10% and recoveries were between 79.7% and 94.2% for both pesticides.