开放式臭氧浓度升高对水稻叶片气体交换和荧光特性的影响

利用稻/麦O3-FACE(Ozone-free air controlled enrichment)平台,以武运粳21和两优培九两个耐性不同的水稻品种为材料,模拟研究了近地层大气臭氧浓度升高情形下对水稻叶片气体交换和荧光参数的影响。结果表明:高臭氧浓度降低了两个品种水稻叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度以及蒸腾速率,处理76天后,武运粳21的降幅分别为:21.7%,26.64%和24.74%,两优培九的降幅分别为:25.53%,30.31%和25.48%,而对两个品种胞间CO2浓度的影响不显著;水稻叶片荧光动力学参数F0(暗下初始荧光)、ETR(表观电子传递速率)和ФPSⅡ(PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量)呈下降趋势,NPQ(非光化学猝灭系数)逐渐上升,处理76天后武运粳21和两优培九分别上升了16.37%和11.77%。臭氧的影响有一定的累积效应,随着处理时间的延长,相关指标变化幅度增大。高臭氧浓度下水稻叶片胞间CO2浓度没有显著降低,推断臭氧导致的净光合速率的降低是由非气孔限制因素引起。结果表明,两优培九比武运粳21对臭氧响应敏感。     

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在同轴圆柱单介质内外双水冷结构的DBD臭氧发生器的放电间隙内分别填充玻璃珠、高铝瓷、石英砂和熔融石英砂等颗粒,研究填充颗粒材料、粒径大小、间隙宽度等参数对臭氧生成效率的影响.结果表明:颗粒材料的介电常数是影响其臭氧制取效果的主要因素,随着介电常数的增加,间隙击穿电压降低,但由于颗粒导致电场的畸变,间隙折合场强增加,臭氧生成的最大能效降低,饱和浓度提升;高铝瓷具有最高的臭氧饱和浓度,与未填充的空床相比,饱和浓度提升136％;对于填充不同粒径熔融石英砂颗粒,随着粒径的增加,间隙击穿电压上升,间隙的折合场强提高,臭氧生成的最大能效降低,而饱和浓度提升;通过在宽间隙内填充介质颗粒可以得到窄间隙宽度的臭氧制取效果.     

颗粒填充对介质阻挡放电制臭氧性能的影响

在同轴圆柱单介质内外双水冷结构的DBD臭氧发生器的放电间隙内分别填充玻璃珠、高铝瓷、石英砂和熔融石英砂等颗粒,研究填充颗粒材料、粒径大小、间隙宽度等参数对臭氧生成效率的影响。结果表明：颗粒材料的介电常数是影响其臭氧制取效果的主要因素,随着介电常数的增加,间隙击穿电压降低,但由于颗粒导致电场的畸变,间隙折合场强增加,臭氧生成的最大能效降低,饱和浓度提升;高铝瓷具有最高的臭氧饱和浓度,与未填充的空床相比,饱和浓度提升136%;对于填充不同粒径熔融石英砂颗粒,随着粒径的增加,间隙击穿电压上升,间隙的折合场强提高,臭氧生成的最大能效降低,而饱和浓度提升;通过在宽间隙内填充介质颗粒可以得到窄间隙宽度的臭氧制取效果。     

Stability and energy efficiency of pulsed corona discharge in treatment of dispersed high-conductivity aqueous solutions

Pulsed corona discharge (PCD) is an energy-efficient method of water treatment, although its instability in treatment of conductive solutions showered onto the electrodes presents a problem. The impact of conductivity and gaseous ozone concentration on the discharge stability and the energy transfer efficiency was established. The discharge was stabilized by adjusting the voltage pulse shape. Energy dissipation increases with the treated solution conductivity due to ohmic losses reaching 30% of the energy delivered to the reactor at 45 mS cm⁻¹. The PCD energy efficiency and safety was improved by the modified electrode system design reducing the losses.     

Ozone,chemical reactivity and biological functions

Various aspects of the structure, the reactivity in organic synthesis, in the atmosphere, in environment, in biology of ozone are described. Emphasis is placed on the relation with singlet oxygen and dihydrotrioxide.     

Adsorption of oxygen on Au(111) by exposure to ozone

Atomic oxygen coverages of up to 1.2 ML may be cleanly adsorbed on the Au(111) surface by exposure to O₃ at 300 K. We have studied the adsorbed oxygen layer by AES, XPS, HREELS, LEED, work function measurements and TPD. A plot of the O(519 eV)/Au(239 eV) AES ratio versus coverage is nearly linear, but a small change in slope occurs at Θ_O=0.9 ML. LEED observations show no ordered superlattice for the oxygen overlayer for any coverage studied. One-dimensional ordering of the adlayer occurs at low coverages, and disordering of the substrate occurs at higher coverages. Adsorption of 1.0 ML of oxygen on Au(111) increases the work function by +0.80 eV, indicating electron transfer from the Au substrate into an oxygen adlayer. The O(1s) peak in XPS has a binding energy of 530.1 eV, showing only a small (0.3 eV) shift to a higher binding energy with increasing oxygen coverage. No shift was detected for the Au 4f_7/2 peak due to adsorption. All oxygen is removed by thermal desorption of O₂ to leave a clean Au(111) surface after heating to 600 K. TPD spectra initially show an O₂ desorption peak at 520 K at low Θ_O, and the peak shifts to higher temperatures for increasing oxygen coverages up to Θ_O=0.22 ML. Above this coverage, the peak shifts very slightly to higher temperatures, resulting in a peak at 550 K at Θ_O=1.2 ML. Analysis of the TPD data indicates that the desorption of O₂ from Au(111) can be described by first-order kinetics with an activation energy for O₂ desorption of 30 kcal mol⁻¹ near saturation coverage. We estimate a value for the Au–O bond dissociation energy D(Au–O) to be 56 kcal mol⁻¹.     

NH＋O3→ONH＋O2反应热力学和动力学研究

在量子化学对NH自由基与臭氧O3反应计算的基础上，应用统计热力学方法研究了100～1600 K温度范围内NH和O3反应过程的各热力学量的变化及平衡常数，用经Wigner校正的Eyring过渡态理论计算了不同温度下该反应两不同反应通道的活化热力学量、反应速率常数及频率因子.计算表明，相对于反应通道II，反应通道I不仅有很强的反应自发性，而且在动力学上也是较容易实现的反应.     

Urban ozone measurements using differential optical absorption spectroscopy

In order to improve the air quality in Europe the European Commission has issued a number of directives with regard to acceptable levels of a range of gaseous pollutants, which includes ozone. Therefore, monitoring of this compound is necessary to comply with EU legislation, to provide improved pollution warnings for those who are sensitive to air pollutants as well as providing valuable data for environmental planning. Open-path spectroscopic techniques, such as differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), are ideal for monitoring pollutants because of the advantages they offer over classical methods and point-source analysers. A DOAS system has been installed in Dublin city centre to monitor a range of criteria pollutants including ozone. Observations of urban background ozone concentrations are presented. The measurements are compared with those obtained using a UV point-source analyser and are presented in the context of the current EU directive. The influence of trans-boundary pollution from mainland Europe leading to ozone episodes is also discussed. Observations of high ozone during this measurement campaign coincided with the influx of photochemically polluted air masses which originated over continental Europe. For the analysed time interval, the data suggest that the ground ozone level in Dublin might be significantly influenced by long-range transport from the United Kingdom and continental Europe.Awarded a Poster Prize on the occasion of the Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale XXXIII, Granada, 7–12 September 2003     

Several Rules for Treating Phenol Wastewater via Oxidation by O3/UV-formed Radicals

IntroductionA large amount of phenol wastewater comes fromdifferent sources with potential severe impact to life andenvironment.Phenol is a prototype poison,which istoxic to all living creatures.Phenol can coagulate pro-tein and devitalize cells,especiall…     

臭氧与二乙胺和三乙胺气相反应的速率常数

利用自制的烟雾箱系统研究了臭氧与二乙胺和三乙胺的气相反应动力学. 实验过程中保证二乙胺和三乙胺浓度远远大于臭氧浓度, 使得实验在准一级条件下进行. 加入环己烷以消除实验过程中可能产生的OH自由基对反应的影响. 在(298±1) K和1.01×105 Pa条件下, 测得臭氧与二乙胺和三乙胺反应的绝对速率常数值分别为(1.33±0.15)×10^-17和(8.20±1.01)×10^-17 cm³·molecule^-1·s^-1. 与文献中已有的其它胺类的臭氧反应数据比较后发现, 臭氧与胺的反应可以用亲电反应机制来解释. 另外, 通过对比发现, 臭氧与三取代的烷基胺类的反应速率要远远大于其与二取代的烷基胺类的反应速率. 这在一定程度上可有助于解释外场观测到的气溶胶相中二烷基胺盐较多的事实. 利用测得的速率常数和大气中臭氧浓度, 还估算了二乙胺和三乙胺与臭氧反应的大气寿命. 结果显示, 与臭氧的反应是二乙胺和三乙胺在大气中的一种重要的消除途径, 尤其是在污染严重地区.