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991.
The alkyl polyglycosides (APG) is new type the surfactants that is made by regenerationresource of the starch and the grease, since the nineties of 20th century it is energetically exploited ininternational extent. APG not only good in surface activity, but also plenty on bubble, thin greasyand stabilization, there are good decontamination, compatibility, innocuity, not incitation and uniquefunction that organism decomposition of swiftness and downrightness, and so on.APG is to get production that loses one molecule water with half condensation aldehyde hydroxyand sebum alcohol hydroxy under acid catalysis. The production not is one simplicity compound, butis one of sugar polymerization degree, so it is mixture of the alkyl single glucoside, the alkyl twoglucoside and the alkyl three glucoside.Author synthesizes the surfactants of the alkyl polyglycosides, with the oleaster and potato starchand sebum alcohol, that was chosen to use duality system activator of plant acid and p-toluene-sulfoacid for the first time. The adoption way is that the lower alkyl polyglycosides is firstly formed byreaction of lower alcohol with starch then exchanged with high alcohol to obtain APG. The study isto make certain most technics condition, determining capillary tension and the pastern sheafdeepness of critical, calculating HLB value, determining construction by 1R.To synthesize principium:Peroration :[1]Duality system activator of plant acid and p-toluene-sulfo acid is compare idea activator that was the lower alkyl polyglycosides is firstly formed by reaction of lower alcohol with glucose then exchanged with high alcohol to obtain high alkyl polyglycosides. The advantage is that it overcomes agglomeration, there is reaction entirety, high of sugar transform ratio, reaction time short.[2]Most good reaction temperature is 90~ 170℃, the dosage of activator is 0.5%~0.9%, the mated ratio: The APG of glucose basic butane ratio starch is 5:1, the APG of potato starch basic glycol ratio starch is 6:1, the APG of the oleaster starch basic glycol ratio starch is 12:1, the APG of the mealiest starch basic glycol ratio starch is 6:1, the product of complex is good property.[3]The alkyl polyglycosides is the products of surfactant. IR determines the functional group of the products. On the basis of group of the hydrophile and to close on oil, that the feature peak of α-1, 4- glucoside.[4]The capillary tension of the APG is 26.8~31.0mN/m, the HLB value is 16~18, the products is better emulsifying agent of water- solubility. (O/W). 相似文献
992.
993.
995.
J. P. Doumerc J. M. Cocciantelli J. C. Grenier M. Pouchard P. Hagenmuller 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》1993,619(4):748-752
Magnetic susceptibility of V2O5 and of the α-, ?-, δ- and γ-LixV2O5 bronzes prepared either at high or at room temperature has been measured between liquid helium and ambient temperature. The results are representative of the localized character of the V4+ ion d-electron and, for high enough x-values, of the existence of antiferromagnetic interactions in a low dimensional system. The intrachain exchange integral J has been determined using the Bonner/Fischer model for Heisenberg chains with S = 1/2 spin. It is larger for the γ- than for the δ-phase. This result as well as the occurrence of long range ordering below TN ≈ 130 K in the γ-phase may be ascribed to ordering of V4+ and V5+ ions in the former bronze and to the random distribution of V4+ ions in the latter one. 相似文献
996.
Nidetzky Bernd Griessler Richard Weinhausel Andreas Haltrich Dietmar Kulbe Klaus D. 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1997,(1):159-172
Some important process properties of α-l,4-D-ghican phosphorylases isolated from the bacteriumCorynebacterium callunae and potato tubers (Solatium tuberosum) were compared. Apart from minor differences in their stability and specificity (represented by the maximum degree of maltodextrin
conversion) and a 10-fold higher affinity of the plant phosphorylase for maltodextrin (K
M of 1.3 g/L at 300 mM of orthophosphate), the performances of both enzymes in a continuous ultrafiltration membrane reactor
were almost identical. Product synthesis was carried out over a time course of 300–400 h in the presence or absence of auxiliary
pullulanase (increasing the accessibility of the glucan substrate for phosphorolytic attack up to 15–20%). The effect of varied
dilution rate and reaction temperature on the resulting productivities was quantitated, and a maximum operational temperature
of 40°C was identified. 相似文献
997.
998.
The basic theory of symplectic algorithm was introduced. A comparison between Runge-Kutta method and symplectic integration method was preformed in the simulation of the long time behavior of H + H2 system on BKMP potential energy surface. Our results reveal a dis-sipative behavior in the integral of ordinary differential equation by the fourth order Runge-Kutta method, which causes incorrect simulation results in QCT calculations. However, when the symplectic integration method is applied, the dissipative behavior is not found in the same system. When the initial state is the same, the energy deviation of fourth order symplectic integral method is almost one percent of that of fourth order Runge-Kutta method in a 60000-step simulation, and that of sixth order symplectic integral method is much less. These results show that the symplectic integral methods are always the better choice in the integral calculation of the long time behavior in maintaining energy conservation. 相似文献
999.
Wolfgang A. Herrmann Gerhard M. Lobmaier Martina Elison 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》1996,520(1-2):231-234
Oxometal complexes of molybdenum and tungsten in high oxidation states from stable adducts with 1,3-dimethylimidazoline-2-ylidene (L) 1. The first ‘carbene’ complexes of molybdenum(VI) [MoO2Cl(L)3]Cl (3a) and tungsten(VI) WO2Cl2(L)2 (4b) are reported. 相似文献
1000.
B2O3/TiO2-ZrO2催化环己酮肟气相Beckmann重排反应研究Ⅱ.焙烧温度的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用XRD、FT-IR和NH3-TPD等方法,研究了载体预焙烧温度和催化剂活化焙烧温度对B2O3/TIO2-ZRO2催化剂的结构、酸性和催化环己酮肟气相Beckmann重排反应性能的影响。结果表明,在383-773K范围内,载体预烧温度对催化剂性能的影响不大,但经973K高温预焙烧后,由于生成了ZrTiO4晶相,使其与H3BO3的相互作用减弱,从而导致催化剂的酸性和反应性能降低,提高催化剂活化焙烧温度,有利于B2O3与TiO2-ZrO2的相互作用,生成更多的Beckmann重排反应所需的中等强度酸中心,使催化剂的活性和选择性提高;但活化焙烧温度过高,会使催化剂中大量的B2O3晶粒析出,引起酸中心数量和催化活性的明显下降。 相似文献