透明陶瓷透光性能的影响因素

 研究了影响激光透明陶瓷透光性能的主要因素,讨论了陶瓷内部气孔和杂质颗粒等散射粒子、晶界结构中晶界折射率与晶粒折射率的差异以及晶界表面粗糙度等因素对陶瓷透光性能的影响,并定量分析了激光陶瓷透过率随气孔尺寸、气孔率、晶粒相对晶界折射率以及晶界表面粗糙度的变化关系。结果表明： 陶瓷的透过率随着气孔率的减小而增大,但透过率随气孔尺寸的增大而呈现出周期性振荡,且当气孔尺寸与入射光波长可比拟时,陶瓷的透过率会明显降低;在晶界结构中,晶界的折射率与晶粒的折射率相差越小,陶瓷的透过率就越高;晶界表面粗糙度越大,透过率越低。然而,晶界折射率不同于晶粒折射率,这使得其陶瓷透过率降低的程度比对晶界表面粗糙度的影响明显得多。在陶瓷制备过程中,需要重点排除尺寸与入射波长可比拟的气孔, 以抑制晶界结构中第二相的产生。     

透明激光陶瓷散射损耗分析

 为了定量分析激光陶瓷中散射损耗对其透过率的影响,通过建立气孔尺寸分布模型,引入第二相体积比概念,并结合Mie散射、瑞利散射和全散射积分等理论,讨论了激光陶瓷中气孔、晶界第二相和表面粗糙度等引起的散射损耗对激光陶瓷透光性能的影响。研究结果表明：气孔率的大小将明显影响陶瓷透过率,且气孔尺寸分布决定了透过率包络的变化趋势;晶界和表面散射对透过率的影响主要集中在短波长处;在气孔率较低情况下,晶界第二相的存在是导致短波长处透过率急剧降低的主要因素。     

烧结金属纤维板大空间自然对流实验研究

实验研究了烧结金属纤维板在大空间下的自然对流换热,分析了倾角、孔隙率、纤维丝经、Ra数和金属纤维导热系数对换热性能的影响.实验结果表明:存在最优的角度(60°左右)使烧结金属纤维板的自然对流换热性能最好,但倾斜角度对烧结金属纤维板的换热影响没有光板显著;加热面的平均Nu数随着纤维直径和孔隙率的增加均先增加后减小;在实验...     

低孔隙度疏松铝的高压声速与冲击熔化

对含微孔洞疏松度m=1.04的疏松铝进行了冲击加载-卸载实验,利用DISAR(distance interferometer system for any reflector)测得了53至99 GPa五个冲击压力下疏松铝/LiF界面粒子速度波剖面,获得了各压力下的纵波声速和其中三个压力点的体波声速,确定出疏松铝的冲击熔化压力约为81 GPa,确定出高压下冲击熔化前的泊松比约为0.372.通过分析,微孔洞明显降低了冲击熔化压力,引起的非谐振效应明显,状态方程计算中考虑非谐效应,非谐因子l 关键词： 低孔隙度 疏松铝 声速 冲击熔化     

The output torque estimation of MCMG for agile satellites

Studied in this paper are the attitude control law design and the output torque estimation problem of micro control moment gyros （MCMGs） for the agile satellites executing rapid attitude maneuver mission. An algorithm is proposed for estimating the output torques and the gimbal angular rates of MCMGs, which can help engineers to choose reasonable size for actuators so that the cost of satellite can be decreased. According to some special maneuver missions, a numerical example of attitude control system for a small satellite with MCMGs in pyramid configuration is studied, and the simulation results validate the proposed estimation algorithm.     

Effect of hydrogen doping in ZnO thin films by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering

This study examined the role of hydrogen impurities in highly oriented ZnO thin films. Hydrogen intentionally incorporated was found to play an important role as a donor in n-type conduction, improving the free carrier concentration. The increase in the conductivity of ZnO thin films was attributed to the two centers assigned to isolated hydrogen atoms in the anti-bonding sites as well as bond-centered interstitial hydrogen located between the Zn–O bonds and Zn vacancy passivated by one or two hydrogen atoms. Micro Raman spectroscopy showed two additional modes at approximately 501 and 573 cm⁻¹. These two peaks were attributed to damage to the crystal lattice, which could be explained by the optical-phonon branch at the zone boundary and host lattice defects, such as vacancy clusters, respectively.     

Thermal oxidation of clay-nanoreinforced polypropylene

The thermo-oxidation process at low temperatures for a montmorillonite-nanoreinforced polypropylene (PP) was studied. Experimental aging kinetic data at 100, 80 and 60 °C have been obtained and compared with a computational simulation in which a kinetic model based on the closed loop approach was used. As a result, it has been found that the montmorillonite role is not limited to a role of inert filler in the polymer matrix but induces a slight catalytic effect leading to induction period reduction. This effect has been well simulated by increasing initial hydroperoxyde concentration. The consequences of kinetic control by oxygen diffusion have also been investigated by using micro ATR-FTIR mapping to assess concentration profiles of the oxidation products across the sample thickness. It has been found that the oxidized layer thickness is close to 17 μm for the pure polypropylene whereas it is around 10 μm for the nanocomposite at 100 °C. These profile variations have been attributed to differences in oxygen diffusion coefficient values. Simulations based on the kinetic model including diffusion-reaction coupling describe these profiles well.     

SANS investigation on evolution of pore morphology for varying sintering time in porous ceria

Precipitates of ceria were synthesized by homogeneous precipitation method using cerium nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine at 80°C. The precipitates were ground to fine particles of average size ∼0.7 μm. Circular disks with 10 mm diameter, 2 and 3 mm thickness were prepared from the green compacts by sintering at 1300° C for three different sintering times. Evolution of the pore structures in these specimens with sintering time was investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The results show that the peak of the pore size distribution shifts towards the larger size with increasing sintering time although the extent of porosity decreases. This indicates that finer pores are eliminated from the system at a faster rate than the coarser ones as sintering proceeds and some of the finer pores coalesce to form bigger ones.