SiO2 coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotubes based amperometric glucose biosensor

A new type of amperometric glucose biosensor based on silicon dioxide coated magnetic nanoparticle decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂/MWNTs) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) has been developed. MWNTs have been synthesized by catalytic chemical vapour decomposition (CCVD) of acetylene over rare earth (RE) based AB₃ alloy hydride catalyst. The as-grown MWNTs have been purified and further functionlized. Functionalized MWNTs have been decorated with magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles which have been uniformly coated with biocompatible SiO₂ using a simple chemical reduction method. The characterization of magnetic nanoparticle modified MWNTs have been done by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and UV-vis spectroscopy. Amperometric biosensor has been fabricated by the deposition of glucose oxidase (GOD) over Nafion-solubilized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂/MWNTs electrode. The resultant bioelectrode retains its biocatalytic activity and offers fast and sensitive glucose quantification. The performance of the biosensor has been studied using cyclic voltammetry and amperometry and the results have been discussed. The fabricated glucose biosensor exhibits a linear response from 1 μM to 30 mM with an excellent detection limit of 800 nM indicating the potential applications in food industries.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定催干剂中金属元素含量

应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了不同种类催干剂中9种金属元素,即钴、锰、铅、钙、锌、钒、锆、镧和铈。样品置于聚四氟乙烯溶样罐中加入浓硝酸及高氯酸,盖紧罐盖后按预设程序分两步进行微波加热,加压消解,所得溶液稀释至一定体积供ICP-AES分析。对上述元素的谱线中选择合适的谱线作分析线,达到了9元素的同时测定。同混合标准溶液制备各元素的工作曲线,其线性范围均在100.0 mg·L~(-1)以内。以一催干剂样品为基体,用标准加入法作回收试验,测得回收率在93.8%～109.9%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.11%～1.56%之间。不同来源的5个催干剂样品的分析结果表明所测得的金属元素的类别和含量显著差异。试验还证实所提出的方法具有操作快速、简单、方便,适合应用于日常分析工作。     

高效液相色谱法对环境样品中甲基托布津与甲霜灵残留的测定

建立了自动固相萃取/高效液相色谱法测定地表水和土壤中甲基托布津和甲霜灵残留的方法。地表水采用C18固相萃取小柱进行富集、净化及浓缩;土壤采用丙酮-二氯甲烷(体积比3∶7)溶液振荡萃取,弗罗里硅土小柱净化和浓缩;以乙腈和水为流动相,于230 nm波长处对样品进行高效液相色谱检测。甲基托布津和甲霜灵在水中的检出限分别为0.36、3.49μg/L,在土壤中的检出限分别为0.03、0.18 mg/kg;在优化实验条件下,甲基托布津和甲霜灵在水样和土壤样品中的添加回收率为77%~105%,精密度为1.2%~8.5%。方法可用于环境样品中甲霜灵和甲基托布津残留量的测定。     

微波辅助萃取/样品前处理联用技术的研究进展

微波辅助萃取是近年来新发展的一种样品前处理技术,随着微波辅助萃取的发展和成熟,它与其它样品前处理技术的联用得到了迅速发展。与传统前处理方法相比,这些联用方法具有快速、高效、操作简便、节省溶剂、选择性好、应用范围广的特点。该文综述了微波辅助萃取及其与其它样品前处理技术联用的特点及适用性,并对近年来微波辅助萃取与其它前处理方法联用的发展概况及在分析领域中的应用情况进行了详细总结。     

原子吸收光谱法测定克氏原螯虾体内铅、镉、铜时样品前处理方法的比较

在石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定克氏原螯虾体内铅、镉和铜的含量时,比较了微波加热消解(方法1#)和干法消解(方法2#)两种样品前处理方法。结果表明:从测定精密度而论,方法1#略优于方法2#,上述3元素测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)值,方法1#在0.7%~9.4%之间,方法2#在2.2%~14.8%之间;从准确度方面,方法1#亦优于方法2#,所测得方法1#的回收率在90.2%~94.3%,而方法2#的回收率在78.3%~82.8%之间。总体上看,微波消解法更适用于石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定克氏原螯虾体内的铅、镉和铜含量时作为样品的前处理方法。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定海洋沉积物中砷、锑、铋、汞、硒

提出了用盐酸-硝酸-水(3+1+4)混合酸消解样品,氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定海洋沉积物样品中砷、锑、铋、汞、硒的方法。考察了原子荧光光谱仪的最佳工作条件。在最佳条件下砷、锑、铋、硒的检出限(3s/k)分别为0.018,0.004,0.001,0.003μg.g-1,汞的检出限(3s/k)为0.604ng.g-1。应用于3种海洋沉积物标准物质的测定,测定值与标准值吻合。     

铀矿样FPXRF分析中Th、Sr的影响与校正

探讨了Th、Sr元素与U伴生的地质学依据以及伴生元素的存在对U含量的FPXRF分析的干扰机理:铀样品中Th、Sr元素的影响主要表现为FPXRF仪器谱上ThLα和SrKα特征X射线对ULα特征X射线的干扰。结果表明,采用U、Th、Sr多元回归模型能有效地校正谱线重叠干扰,应用FPXRF分析铀矿样品中铀含量与推荐值相对误差控制在一定范围内,基本满足野外生产要求。     

On the numerical solution of second order ordinary differential equations in the high-frequency regime

We describe an algorithm for the numerical solution of second order linear ordinary differential equations in the high-frequency regime. It is based on the recent observation that solutions of equations of this type can be accurately represented using nonoscillatory phase functions. Unlike standard solvers for ordinary differential equations, the running time of our algorithm is independent of the frequency of oscillation of the solutions. We illustrate this and other properties of the method with several numerical experiments.     

Very fast peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence

Peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (PO-CL) detection offers an advantage in chromatographic detection, by the virtue of its multiple unique selectivities and high sensitivity. However, many of the analytical separation techniques available today require observation times in the millisecond range to preserve the band resolution, and as the reaction kinetics of the PO-CL reaction is considerably slower, extra flow elements are needed to observe the reaction in a time window at maximum emission intensity. Since these flow elements increase the complexity of the system and contribute to band-broadening, the rational way to adapt PO-CL detection to miniaturised separation systems is to speed up the reaction, so that it emits an initial burst of light within the acceptable detection time-frame. Although this may result in a lower overall quantum yield, the actual detection sensitivity could be equal to, or better than slower PO-CL systems. By making careful selections of oxalic reagent and catalyst(s) the reaction can be fine-tuned to maximise the intensity. In this work, the time-dependent light emission from the reaction of bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate (TCPO) was studied under the catalytic influence of imidazole, 1,2,4-triazole, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene (DBU) in acetonitrile. Both DMAP and DBU accelerated the reaction substantially, but the best combination of reaction speed and intensity was found for a mixture of 0.5 mM DBU and 5 mM 1,2,4-triazole, which reached its maximum emission after only 40 ms and had an emission intensity comparable to that seen with 5 mM imidazole as catalyst.     

光谱型连流法定点检测快速反应装置的研制及评价

选用全自动组装部件，研制了液体计量泵结合分光光度法定点检测连续流动快速反应装置，并选择适当的反应体系检测了该反应装置的操作性能及测量精度。检测结果表明，该套装置具有较好的全自动操作性能和测量精度，其测量数据与文献值符合较好，对于毫秒级的快速反应的动力学研究提供了一种先进的测量仪器。