作为表面增强拉曼光谱基底的高度均匀Au纳米棒的构筑及对福美双的检测

采用种子生长法制备Au纳米棒(GNRs),随后进行组装和煅烧得到单层致密堆积的GNRs薄膜。在煅烧过程中,组装所需有机物在煅烧过程中分解,从而使得GNRs表面具有较高的清洁度。研究中发现,煅烧前后金纳米棒表面的间隙进一步提高,增强了其SERS(表面增强拉曼光谱)活性。为了研究其SERS活性,选择了2种探针分子以研究其灵敏度和均匀性,发现其具有较高的灵敏度和高的信号稳定性。随后将所制备的SERS基底成功用于检测超低浓度的农药分子。     

Au@ZIF-8核壳结构中金纳米粒子分布的调控及其在荧光分子光致发光传感中的应用

控制金属@MOF核壳纳米结构中金属纳米粒子的分布不容易实现。我们应用了合成MOF胶体粒子所用到的配位调制方法来合成Au@ZIF-8核壳纳米结构。通过使用过量的2-甲基咪唑和不同用量的1-甲基咪唑可获得不同的Au@ZIF-8。该合成方法可在ZIF-8纳米晶体中灵活调整Au纳米粒子（Au NPs）的分布。此外,我们分别研究了2种不同尺寸的荧光分子与Au@ZIF-8结合后的光致发光光谱和寿命。ZIF-8的孔径可以决定这2种分子是否可通过多孔壳结构接近Au NPs。分子光学特性对Au NPs近场的发光增强和荧光猝灭的竞争非常敏感。     

Thermodynamically equilibrium roton states of nanoparticles in molten and vapour phases

We show a possibility for a thermodynamically equilibrium nanocrystalline structure consisting of nanosized solid inclusions to appear in a melt just beyond the melting curve. Thermodynamic stability of the nanocrystalline structure in the melt results from the free energy lowering due to rotational motion of nanoparticles. The main contribution to the reduction of the free energy of the system is due to an increase in the rotational entropy and change in formation energy of nanocrystals, i.e. the nanocrystalline structure in the melt, like vacancies in a crystal, is an equilibrium defect structure of the melt. It is demonstrated that similar nanocrystalline structures can also appear in the vapour phase in the form of liquid nanodrops and in liquid solutions, e.g. in He II.     

Au25纳米团簇合成与应用研究进展

综述了新型金属纳米材料Au25纳米团簇的合成机理和合成工艺改进,结合Au纳米团簇荧光作用机理说明其特有的荧光特性,利用Au纳米团簇荧光性质在离子检测、生物小分子检测、蛋白质检测和生物成像方面的应用,为Au纳米团簇的研究提供参考。     

Preparation of Polyaniline/Au0 Nanocomposites Modified Electrode and Application for Hydrazine Detection

The PANI/Au₀ nanocomposite films were successfully prepared on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using a simple alternate adsorption of water soluble polyaniline (PANI) and . The growth of the films was monitored by UV? Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. was in‐situ reduced in the film due to the redox interaction between PANI and , without extra reductant. The ultrafine Au nanoparticles with the size of 2–4 nm were observed by transmission electron spectroscopy. The existence of zero‐valence Au nanocrystals (Au₀) was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray Diffraction and FTIR. PANI in the nano‐structured PANI/Au₀ composite films displayed a good redox activity in neutral pH solution. The as‐obtained PANI/Au₀/GCE presents an excellent electrocatalytic activity to hydrazine oxidation, and the mechanism of hydrazine oxidation was studied. The calibration curve on (PANI/Au₀)₅/GCE was obtained in the concentration range of 0.01–6 mM with the detection limit of 1 µM (S/N>3). The modified electrode has a great potential for hydrazine sensor application due to its ease of fabrication, good reproducibility and high stability.     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮对Pt/Ru双金属纳米簇的结构和催化性能影响

以乙二醇为还原剂,通过微波热辐射制备得到稳定的Pt/Ru双金属胶体纳米簇,各颗粒粒径在1~2 nm范围。考察了聚合物聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)对Pt/Ru双金属纳米簇表面原子组成及催化性能的影响。结果表明,PVP与金属前体之间的不同相互作用影响Pt/Ru双金属纳米簇的形成。在Pt/Ru双金属纳米簇形成之前加入PVP,Pt原子更容易富集在双金属表面,有利于增加Pt在催化反应中的作用。在PVP稳定的Pt/Ru双金属纳米簇中,除了零价态的Pt、Ru单质外,还存在氧化态的Pt化合物,归因于PVP与Pt前体的相互作用。在环己烯加氢反应中,PVP-Pt/Ru双金属纳米簇显示出比单金属纳米簇更优越的催化性能。     

日光辐射光还原合成左旋多巴胺功能化的荧光发射的银纳米簇和铁离子检测

以左旋多巴胺(L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine,DOPA)为稳定剂,采用日光辐射光还原法,合成了强荧光发射的银纳米簇(silver nanoclusters,Ag NCs)。透射电镜分析表明,所合成的Ag NCs表现亚纳米非晶态结构。Ag NCs在可见-近红外波长范围内(400~750 nm)有明显光吸收带,最大荧光激发和发射峰分别为550和630 nm,荧光量子产率为2.3%(相对于罗丹明B)。Ag NCs的荧光强度与合成时的日光辐射时间、DOPA浓度以及pH值等因素有关。进一步优化了合成Ag NCs的条件。基于荧光猝灭原理,所合成的DOPA功能化的Ag NCs能选择性地灵敏响应Fe3+。修饰在Ag NCs表面的配体DOPA能够选择性地结合Fe3+,导致Ag NCs显著聚集,伴随荧光猝灭。Ag NCs具有的较高量子产率和红荧光发射特性,有利于提高Fe3+的分析灵敏度。     

Ultrafast Encapsulation of Metal Nanoclusters into MFI Zeolite in the Course of Its Crystallization: Catalytic Application for Propane Dehydrogenation

Encapsulating metal nanoclusters into zeolites combines the superior catalytic activity of the nanoclusters with high stability and unique shape selectivity of the crystalline microporous materials. The preparation of such bifunctional catalysts, however, is often restricted by the mismatching in time scale between the fast formation of nanoclusters and the slow crystallization of zeolites. We herein demonstrate a novel strategy to overcome the mismatching issue, in which the crystallization of zeolites is expedited so as to synchronize it with the rapid formation of nanoclusters. The concept was demonstrated by confining Pt and Sn nanoclusters into a ZSM-5 (MFI) zeolite in the course of its crystallization, leading to an ultrafast, in situ encapsulation within just 5 min. The Pt/Sn-ZSM-5 exhibited exceptional activity and selectivity with stability in the dehydrogenation of propane to propene. This method of ultrafast encapsulation opens up a new avenue for designing and synthesizing composite zeolitic materials with structural and compositional complexity.     

Reactivity and Lability Modulated by a Valence Electron Moving in and out of 25-Atom Gold Nanoclusters

The emergence of atomically precise metal nanoclusters with unique electronic structures provides access to currently inaccessible catalytic challenges at the single-electron level. We investigate the catalytic behavior of gold Au₂₅(SR)₁₈ nanoclusters by monitoring an incoming and outgoing free valence electron of Au 6s¹. Distinct performances are revealed: Au₂₅(SR)₁₈⁻ is generated upon donation of an electron to neutral Au₂₅(SR)₁₈⁰ and this is associated with a loss in reactivity, whereas Au₂₅(SR)₁₈⁺ is generated from dislodgment of an electron from neutral Au₂₅(SR)₁₈⁰ with a loss in stability. The reactivity diversity of the three Au₂₅(SR)₁₈ clusters stems from different affinities with reactants and the extent of intramolecular charge migration during the reactions, which are closely associated with the valence occupancies of the clusters varied by one electron. The stability difference in the three clusters is attributed to their different equilibria, which are established between the AuSR dissociation and polymerization influenced by one electron.     

“非保护型”金属胶体纳米簇形成机理研究

碱-乙二醇法制备的"非保护型"金属及合金纳米簇由表面吸附的溶剂分子和简单离子实现稳定化,它们被广泛用于制备高性能复相催化剂和研究复相催化剂中的尺寸、组成、载体表面基团以及修饰剂对催化性能的影响。关于此类非保护金属纳米簇的形成过程及机理的认识尚有待进一步深化。本文采用原位快速扫描X射线吸收精细结构谱(QXAFS)、原位紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱、透射电子显微镜和动态光散射技术研究了碱-乙二醇法合成中非保护型金属胶体纳米簇的形成过程与机理。结果表明,在碱-乙二醇法合成非保护型Pt金属纳米簇的过程中,室温下即有部分Pt(IV)被还原至Pt(II)。随着反应温度的升高,OH-逐渐取代与Pt离子配位的Cl-,在Pt―Pt键形成之前,反应体系的UV-Vis吸收光谱中可观察到明显的纳米粒子的散射信号,原位QXAFS分析表明Pt纳米簇是由Pt氧化物纳米粒子还原所形成的;在Ru金属纳米簇的形成过程中,OH-首先取代了Ru Cl_3中的Cl~-,形成羟基配合物Ru(OH) _6~(3-),后者进一步缩合形成氧化钌纳米粒子,最终Ru金属纳米簇由乙二醇还原氧化钌纳米粒子形成。由于先形成了氧化物纳米粒子,后续的还原反应被限制在氧化物纳米粒子内,使最终得到的非保护型金属纳米簇具有尺寸小、分布窄的特点。本工作所获得的知识对发展高性能能源转化催化剂、精细化学合成催化剂、传感器等功能体系具有重要意义。