HT-7装置低杂波系统陶瓷窗破裂原因与改进

结合实验采集到的数据和观察到的实验现象,对HT-7装置低杂波系统陶瓷窗实验时,破裂的原因进行了分析,给出改进的措施。     

Approximation of an open polygonal curve with a minimum number of circular arcs and biarcs

We present an algorithm for approximating a given open polygonal curve with a minimum number of circular arcs. In computer-aided manufacturing environments, the paths of cutting tools are usually described with circular arcs and straight line segments. Greedy algorithms for approximating a polygonal curve with curves of higher order can be found in the literature. Without theoretical bounds it is difficult to say anything about the quality of these algorithms. We present an algorithm which finds a series of circular arcs that approximate the polygonal curve while remaining within a given tolerance region. This series contains the minimum number of arcs of any such series. Our algorithm takes O(n²logn) time for an original polygonal chain with n vertices. Using a similar approach, we design an algorithm with a runtime of O(n²logn), for computing a tangent-continuous approximation with the minimum number of biarcs, for a sequence of points with given tangent directions.     

On lifting properties for confluent mappings

Known results about lifting of paths for covering, light open and light confluent mappings are in some sense extended for all confluent mappings with the domain being a continuum having the arc property of Kelley. As an application we prove that each confluently tree-like continuum has the fixed point property.

     

Connectivity of the Mycielskian of a digraph

In a search for triangle-free graphs with arbitrarily large chromatic numbers, Mycielski developed a graph transformation that transforms a graph G into a new graph μ(G), which is called the Mycielskian of G. This work investigates the vertex connectivity and arc connectivity of the Mycielskian of a digraph D. This generalizes the recent results due to Balakrishnan and Raj [R. Balakrishnan, S.F. Raj, Connectivity of the Mycielskian of a graph, Discrete Math, 308 (2008), 2607–2610].     

药芯焊丝TIG焊电弧特性的光谱分析

利用光谱诊断方法结合高速摄像研究所提出的药芯焊丝的填丝TIG焊接新工艺的电弧特性,借助高速摄像研究药芯焊丝TIG焊的熔滴过渡方式;通过对焊接电弧进行光谱采集点扫描,对采集的谱线进行元素标定,以药粉中活性元素K和Na作为追踪目标,统计得到电弧中药粉成分的分布范围;并利用Boltzmann图法计算TIG焊电弧的温度场分布,分析了熔滴过渡方式对电弧温度场分布的影响。研究结果表明,通过调整丝极间距,得到药芯焊丝TIG焊的三种典型的熔滴过渡方式：滴状过渡(2 mm)、渣柱过渡(5 mm)和搭桥过渡(7 mm)。药粉中的活性元素K和Na等集中分布在熔池上方的电弧空间,且其分布受丝极间距的影响,丝极间距越小其分布越靠近钨极,容易造成对钨极的污染。不填丝TIG焊的电弧温度分布呈钟罩形,等温线关于钨极轴线近似对称分布;与不填丝TIG焊相比,药芯焊丝TIG焊的电弧温度场受熔滴过渡的影响发生了不同程度的扭曲,滴状过渡的电弧温度场扭曲严重,焊接过程中飞溅较大;相比于滴状过渡,渣柱过渡和搭桥过渡的电弧温度场扭曲程度较小且焊接过程稳定,适合该TIG焊方法的使用。     

双丝脉冲MIG焊接电弧光谱诊断及热源耦合机理分析

搭建了双丝脉冲MIG焊接试验系统,为了分析研究双丝脉冲MIG焊接的热源耦合机理以及电弧温度场,采用光谱技术对其电弧进行了诊断分析,采用中空探针法进行等离子体的辐射采集,得到电弧等离子体的光信号,利用Boltzmann图法计算了双丝脉冲MIG焊接电弧等离子体的电子温度,得出了电弧等离子体的电子温度分布规律,并结合电信号采集和高速摄像技术对电弧进行了综合分析。研究创新之处在于结合了电弧的高速摄像图片信息和电弧等离子体的光信号对双电弧耦合机理进行分析,对电弧温度场进行了较为直观的分析研究。试验结果表明,在本试验条件下焊接过程实现了推挽式输出,实现了一脉一滴的过渡方式;两个电弧在焊接过程中在磁场的作用下相互吸引,向中心发生了偏移,在双电弧的几何中心形成了新的热源中心,并且电弧发生上飘现象;双电弧电子温度整体呈倒V型分布,在双电弧几何中心位置,距工件表面3 mm的位置电弧电子温度最高,为16 887.66 K,比最低温度11 963.63 K高大约4 900 K。     

基于光谱诊断的氩-氮P-TIG焊引弧的动态电弧物理特性研究

焊接电弧等离子体的物理特性直接决定了焊接接头的成形形貌,分析双组分保护气体的脉冲钨极惰性气体保护焊（P-TIG）动态电弧物理特性,为深入开展混合气体保护焊的焊缝成形物理过程研究提供理论基础。氩-氮混合气体保护焊电弧具有高热特性可以增加熔深,但在焊接前混合均匀的保护气体,引弧后气体浓度会重新分布,使电弧等离子体物理特性的实时动态变化特点变得复杂。光谱诊断是电弧等离子体物理特性测量的最重要手段,但对双组分气体保护的P-TIG焊电弧特性的研究仍需深入进行,特别是对于易引起缺陷的起弧过程,其动态物理特性亟需深入分析。针对氩-氮混合气体P-TIG焊的引弧过程,以P-TIG焊产生的氩-氮双组分电弧等离子体为研究对象,提出利用窄带滤光片与CCD相结合的高速摄影实验系统采集双组分电弧等离子的动态光谱信息,获取特征谱Ar Ⅰ 794.8 nm和N Ⅰ 904.6 nm的P-TIG焊电弧光谱强度动态分布;提出利用双元素双组分标准温度法计算P-TIG焊引弧过程中距离钨极下方1,2,3和4 mm位置处电弧等离子体的动态温度及浓度,定量分析80%Ar+20%N₂保护的P-TIG焊从引弧至电弧稳定过程的电弧等离子体物理特性实时分布。实验结果表明,80%Ar+20%N₂保护的P-TIG焊电弧强度、电弧温度及浓度的变化均与脉冲电流的变化同步,焊接电流在3 ms内达到稳定状态,而电弧等离子体的强度、温度及浓度需要更长时间达到平衡状态。从起弧到电弧等离子稳定燃烧的过程中,基值期间和峰值期间的电弧等离子体强度均呈现先升高再降低的趋势;由于阴极的热传导及电流密度的变化,使得电弧等离子体轴向位置的峰值温度及基值温度均出现迅速升高再缓慢降低的现象;由于粒子间碰撞及摩擦力的影响,使得电弧等离子体的峰值及基值期间氩的浓度均呈迅速减小再缓慢增加的趋势,且氩的浓度均低于焊前浓度。     

Microstructure and properties of TiB2-containing coatings prepared by arc spraying

Low cost arc spraying and cored wires were used to deposit composite coatings consisting of TiB₂ and TiB₂/Al₂O₃ hard particles in a Ni(Cr) and stainless steel 304L matrix. Four coatings were prepared namely Ni(Cr)-TiB₂, Ni(Cr)-TiB₂/Al₂O₃, 304L-TiB₂ and 304L-TiB₂/Al₂O₃. The microstructural characteristics of powders and coatings were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Phase compositions of powders were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Although all the analyzed coatings exhibited similar lamella structure, remarkable differences not only in the morphology of hard phase and matrix but also in the size and distribution of hard phases were observed from one coating to another. Tribological behavior of the coatings was analyzed in room temperature dry sliding wear tests (block-on-ring configuration), under 75 N at low velocity (0.5 m/s). The coatings showed far high wear resistance than low carbon steel substrate under same conditions examined. Wear loss of 304L-TiB₂ and Ni(Cr)-TiB₂ coatings were lower nearly 15 times than that of steel substrate. TiB₂ hard phases in coatings bonded well with metal matrix contributed to high wear resistance.     

光谱体层析技术诊断三维等离子体场

提出一种光谱体层析图像重建新算法.通过计算机数值模拟, 考察了该算法对非对称单峰发射系数场分布的重建效果,并与传统的三维重建算法进行比对.结果表明,该算法具有收敛快,重建准确度高的特点,仅用两个方向的投影数据就能高准确度地重建单峰三维发射系数场分布.作为一个应用实例, 结合谱线相对强度测量方法重建了自由电弧等离子体的三维温度场分布.