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991.
Nonmetallic filled β-manganese phases form a new class of solids with a wide spaced (“eutactical”) partial structure of nonmetal atoms (Te, I), which is topologically equivalent to the arrangement of manganese atoms in cubic β-Mn (a = 6.315 Å, P4132, Z = 20), a manganese polymorph crystallizing in a tetrahedrally close packed structure. Different fractions of the 100 tetrahedral and 4 metaprismatic holes per unit cell of the β-Mn like arrangement of nonmetal atoms are occupied by metal atoms or pairs of covalently bonded metal atoms, leading to the different chemical compositions M7Te10, AM6Te10, Ag2Ga6Te10, RbX4I5 (M: Al, Ga, In; A: Ca, Pb, Sn; X: Ag, Cu;). Basic structural properties and structural relations between the members of this new family of solids are discussed. In addition we present structural data for three new members of the family of filled β-Mn phases: SnGa6Te10 (single crystal data: a = 10.203 Å, α = 89.94°, space group R32, Z = 2) PbIn6Te10 (single crystal data: a = 10.619 Å, R32, Z = 2) and PbGa6Te10 (powder data: a = 10.237 Å, α = 89.93°, R32, Z = 2). 相似文献
992.
Optical and photoluminescence characterizations were performed on nanometric multilayer structures based on amorphous silicon nitrogen alloys. Evidences are shown that the radiative efficiency of multilayers increases with respect to single-layer structures. This is ascribed to a strong electron–hole pair localization and a low heterointerfaces defect density. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements yield fast recombination with an energy-dependent lifetime due to hopping processes. Finally, the performance of an electroluminescent device based on multilayers is presented. 相似文献
993.
994.
A. Bunde 《Il Nuovo Cimento D》1994,16(8):1053-1063
Summary We discuss the dynamic structure model recently introduced by Bunde, Maass and Ingram to account for the anomalies of ionic
transport in glassy ionic conductors. The model is based on the experimental evidence that ions in glass maintain their distinct
local environments. Key features include a site memory effect that introduces vacancies appropriate to each kind of mobile
ion, and a mismatch energy that emerges whenever an ion attempts to enter a different kind of site, the combination of both
leads to the formation of fluctuating percolation pathways. The connectivity of these pathways determines the ion mobility
in the glassy network. The exploration of this model by numerical methods leads i) to a power law relationship between ionic
conductivity and cation content (now confirmed in the literature) and ii) to the elucidation of many facets of the mixed alkali
effect. It is suggested that the model could form the basis for a comprehensive theory of vitreous electrolytes.
Paper presented at the I International Conference on Scaling Concepts and Complex Fluids, Copanello, Italy, July 4–8, 1994. 相似文献
995.
Andreas Rudolf Mats Galbe Gunnar Lidén 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2004,114(1-3):601-617
Inhibitors formed during wood hydrolysis constitute a major problem in fermenting dilute-acid hydrolysates. By applying a
fed-batch technique, the levels of inhibitory compounds may be held low, enabling high ethanol productivity. In this study,
a previously developed fed-batch strategy was modified and implemented for use in pilot development unit (PDU) scale. The
rate of total gas formation, measured with a mass flow meter, was used as input variable in the control algorithm. The feed
rate in the PDU-scale experiments could be properly controlled based on the gas evolution from the reactor. In fed-batch experiments
utilizing TMB 3000, an inhibitor-tolerant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, close to 100% of the hexoses in the hydrolysate was converted. 相似文献
996.
997.
We report on a new method for characterising crystallinity and polymorphism of pharmaceutical drugs and excipients in the solid state. The optical nonlinearity of certain crystalline structures allows under certain circumstances the quantitative determination of polymorphism or crystallinity. An apparatus was set up to measure the second harmonic response of powdered samples when irradiated with a pulsed laser source. Here we present experimental results from various pharmaceutically interesting materials. This rapid, novel technique has potential for industrial monitoring of pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. 相似文献
998.
A physicochemical and fluid dynamic model is formulated for the numerical simulation of the flow field in a reactor for titanium
dioxide production, the turbulence motion is described by theKε equation, the governing equations are solved by the SIMPLER algorithm devised by Partankar and Spalding. The velocity, tmperature
and concentration fields are obtained for three cases: A) with chemical reaction and thermal insulation on the walls; B) with
chemical reaction and wall temperature is 450K; C) without chemical reaction and thermal insulation on the walls, and the
physicochemical numerical simulation for the titanium dioxide production has been done. The results of the paper can be used
as a theoretical guide for the engineers in the design of such reactors. 相似文献
999.
Peter G. Thompson Larry T. Taylor Bruce E. Richter Neil L. Porter John L. Ezzell 《Journal of separation science》1993,16(12):713-716
A polarity test mix consisting of acetophenone, N, N-dimethylaniline, naphthalene, decanoic acid, 2-naphthol, and n-tetracosane was spiked onto sand, and extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide, to evaluate the collection efficiency of various solvents and solvent mixtures. Nine single collection solvent systems and four mixed collection solvent systems were studied. When one-component collection solvents were employed, quantitative (above 90%) recovery of all analytes was not possible. With mixed collection solvents, recoveries of 90% or better with all analytes studied were possible. 相似文献
1000.
New insights into the palladium-catalysed synthesis of δ-lactones from 1,3-dienes and carbon dioxide
Two-coordinate Pd(0) complexes are shown to be important intermediates in the telomerization of 1,3-dienes and CO2 using palladium/phosphine catalysts without additives. Only one phosphorus atom is bound to palladium during the C–C bond forming steps, but the second phosphorus atom is crucial in the early stages of the catalytic cycle and for the elimination of the product. A ligand that gave an active palladium catalyst for the coupling of 1,3-butadiene and CO2 has been designed. Use of a palladium catalyst in the reaction of isoprene with CO2 allowed for the first time isolation and NMR spectroscopic characterization of the resulting mixture of lactones. 相似文献