The gold-nanoparticle-based surface plasmon resonance light scattering and visual DNA aptasensor for lysozyme

We developed a new simple and sensitive assay for lysozyme based on gold nanoparticle plasmon resonance light scattering (PRLS) measurement and naked-eye detection using for the first time the lysozyme DNA aptamer as the recognition element. Lysozyme DNA aptamer could stabilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) at high ionic strength. Introducing lysozyme to the system easily triggered the aggregation of AuNPs, producing a red-to-blue color change of the solution, red-shifted plasmon absorption, and enhanced plasmon resonance light scattering. The linear range was found to be 0.2∼4 nM for 0.7 nM AuNPs, 0.3∼6 nM for 1.4 nM AuNPs and 0.6∼8 nM for 2.1 nM AuNPs. About 0.1 nM lysozyme can produce an observable enhancement of PRLS signal. For visual detection, 1 nM lysozyme can produce a very distinctive color change. Satisfactory recoveries were obtained for simulated saliva and diluted urine samples, indicating that the method has potential for analyses of clinical samples. The simplicity and high sensitivity that are consistent with the resources and needs of many laboratories makes this method a good choice for routine analysis.     

Toeplitz operators with BMO symbols on the weighted Bergman space of the unit ball

In this paper we prove that the boundedness and compactness of Toeplitz operator with a BMO _α ¹ symbol on the weighted Bergman space A _α ²(B _n ) of the unit ball is completely determined by the behavior of its Berezin transform, where α > −1 and n ≥ 1.     

水电施工企业创新行为市场演化博弈分析

针对水电施工企业如何选择创新战略,政府如何引导企业进行创新,运用演化博弈理论分析了创新行为与市场结构的演化规律.研究表明,市场中企业采取自主创新或模仿创新的行为战略最终演化稳定均衡,即市场中总有一定比例的企业进行自主创新,其余的企业采取模仿创新,并且企业自主创新投资的概率与企业的规模成正比,与创新风险成正比,与创新成本成反比.由此我们得出,若企业个体规模小、自主创新成本高、创新所获收益小,则可采取模仿创新战略,反之,采取自主创新战略;对于政府若想维护市场稳定,提高行业技术水平和国际竞争力,对自主创新成本高、创新所获收益小的可采取补贴、减税等优惠政策,以鼓励企业采取自主创新.     

涩柿可溶性单宁的可见/近红外漫反射光谱无损检测研究

旨在建立可见/近红外漫反射光谱与涩柿内部可溶性单宁之间的关系,以评价可见/近红外漫反射光谱在测量涩柿内部指标可溶性单宁的应用价值.在可见/近红外光谱区域(570～1848 nm),实验对比分析了不同数学建模算法、不同导数处理方法和不同散射及标准化处理的涩柿可溶性单宁定标模型.结果表明,应用改进偏最小二乘回归算法、一阶导处理和去散射处理所建涩柿可溶性单宁定标模型的预测性能较优,其定标交互验证相关系数(Rcv)和预测相关系数(Rp2)分别为0.722 7和0.678 5,定标交互验证均方根误差(RMSECV)和预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.148 4和0.176 3.研究表明,可见/近红外漫反射光谱对涩柿可溶性单宁的快速无损检测具有一定的可行性,但模型精度有待提高.     

Combined use of ultrasound-assisted washing with in-package atmospheric cold plasma processing as a novel non-thermal hurdle technology for ready-to-eat blueberry disinfection

Ultrasound (US) has limited disinfection efficacy, and it has been recommended to combine it with chemical disinfectants during fresh produce washing. After washing and before packaging, the disinfection effect of US-assisted washing can be weakened; thus, in-package disinfection is important. As a nutritious fruit, there are no packaged blueberries can be directly eaten. Therefore, in this study, blueberry was selected as the model, and the two most commonly used disinfectants (free chlorine [FC] at 10 ppm and peracetic acid [PAA] at 80 ppm) were combined with low-frequency US (25 kHz) during washing, followed by in-package disinfection using dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma (CP). The disinfection efficacy of US-FC and US-PAA against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium was significantly higher than that of US, PAA, or FC alone. The highest disinfection efficacy of CP was observed at the pulse frequency range of 400–800 Hz. For US-FC (1 min) + CP (1 min), an additional 0.86, 0.71, 0.42, and 0.29 log CFU/g of reduction for E. coli O157:H7, S. Typhimurium, aerobic mesophilic counts, and mold and yeast was achieved, respectively, compared with US-FC (2 min) alone. For US-PAA (1 min) + CP (1 min) an additional 0.71, 0.59, 0.32, and 0.21 log CFU/g of reduction was achieved for the above organisms, respectively, compared with US-PAA (2 min) alone. Quality loss (in total color difference, firmness, and anthocyanin content) was not observed after treatment with US-FC + CP, US-PAA + CP, US-FC, or US-PAA. After treatment with US-FC + CP or US-PAA + CP, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was significantly lower than that in the other groups, and antioxidant enzyme activity was significantly higher than that in the other groups, suggesting that in-package CP can activate the blueberry antioxidant system to scavenge ROS, thereby lowering the risk of quality loss. US-CP combination not only improves the disinfection efficacy but also lowers quality loss caused by ROS, without prolonging the processing time.     

基于SiPLS算法的近红外光谱检测梨可溶性固形物含量

为了提高近红外光谱技术在梨的可溶性固形物含量(SSC)检测中的精度和稳定性,对采集的原始光谱进行标准归一化(SNV)预处理,采用联合区间偏最小二乘法(SiPLS)建立了SSC的预测模型;通过交互验证法确定了模型的主成分因子数,以预测时的相关系数(Rp)和预测均方根误差(RMSEP)作为评价指标对模型预测结果进行了分析,并与经典偏最小二乘(PLS)模型、间隔偏最小二乘(iPLS)模型进行了比较.结果表明,利用SiPLS所建的预测模型的最优组合包含21个光谱区间并联合4个子区间和15个主成分因子,其预测集的相关系数和预测均方根误差分别为0.9633和0.203;说明利用近红外光谱结合SiPLS算法可以准确、无损检测梨中可溶性固形物含量.     

Wada basin boundaries in switched systems

The Wada basin boundaries of a switched Hénon map have been verified for period-2 switching signals [Zhang in Nonlinear Dyn. 73:2221–2229, 2013]. Based upon the auxiliary dynamical system method, the results are extended to the generally switched systems with time-dependent switching. Under some generic assumptions, some sufficient conditions guaranteeing Wada basin boundaries are presented for the periodic switching signals. The results show that switching signals can give rise to this type of basin structure. It suggests that the unpredictability associated to the Wada property can also occur in the switched system.     

Etoposide interferes with the process of chromatin condensation during alga Chara vulgaris spermiogenesis

DNA topoisomerase II plays an essential role in animal spermiogenesis, where changes of chromatin structure are connected with appearance of transient DNA breaks. Such topo II activity can be curtailed by inhibitors such as etoposide and suramine. The aim of the present study was to investigate, for the first time, the effect of etoposide on spermatid chromatin remodeling in the green alga Chara vulgaris. This inhibitor prolonged the early spermiogenesis stages and blocked the formation of the phosphorylated form of histone H2AX at stages VI–VII. The lack of transient DSBs at these stages impairs the elimination of supercoils containing nucleosomes which lead to disturbances in nucleoprotein exchange and the pattern of spermatid chromatin fibrils at stages VI–VIII. Immunofluorescent and ultrastructural observations revealed that during C. vulgaris spermiogenesis topo II played an important role similar to that in mammals. Some corresponding features had been pointed out before, the present studies showed further similarities.     

QuEChERS-液相色谱-质谱法快速筛查和确证大米中205种农药残留

结合QuEChERS法与液相色谱-三重四极杆复合线性离子阱质谱(LC-Q-TRAP/MS)技术,建立了大米中205种农药残留的快速筛查确证方法。大米样品经乙腈提取,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)、无水MgSO₄和C₁₈吸附剂净化后,采用多反应监测-信息关联采集-增强子离子(MRM-IDA-EPI)扫描方式及谱库检索技术,通过对化合物的保留时间、离子对以及高灵敏度的EPI谱库检索比对,完成了205种农药的筛查与确证,并采用外标法定量,实现了大米样品中205种农药的定性和定量分析。结果表明,所有农药的线性相关系数均大于0.995;方法的定量限在0.5~10.0 μg/kg之间。在10、50 μg/kg两个添加水平下,205种农药的平均回收率在62.4%~127.1%之间;相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.0%~20.0%之间。该方法能够对大米样品进行实际检测,且检测时间不超过20 min。该方法快速、准确、灵敏度高,适合于大米中农药残留的快速、全面筛查和确证分析。     

基于傅里叶变换红外光谱的大白菜根肿病定量测评

大白菜根肿病是白菜生长中的“癌症”,近年来在我国大面积发生,造成巨大经济损失。现有技术不能满足生产中对根肿病检测的需求,迫切需要一种快速、 简便的大白菜根肿病定量化测评及检测技术。本研究利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,FTIR)结合荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)技术,进行大白菜根肿病的定量测评技术研究。通过分析芸薹根肿菌、 大白菜发病肿根和健康根的FTIR光谱,选择了1 105,1 145和1 228 cm-1三个根肿菌检测的特异性谱带,利用这三个谱带的峰面积值,建立了芸薹根肿菌的FTIR定量测评模型y=34.17+12.24x₁-9.81x₂-6.05x₃,相关系数r=0.98(p<0.05)。为了验证模型的有效性,田间随机选取10株大白菜根肿病样本,根据建立的大白菜根肿病FTIR光谱定量测评模型,计算大白菜根肿菌Ct值,结果显示平均预测误差为1.60%。说明试验构建的线性模型测定效果良好,可以根据大白菜根部样本的红外光谱,判断芸薹根肿菌的含量。本研究为十字花科蔬菜根肿病的定量、 快速检测提供新的手段,为田间根肿菌的预测预防奠定基础。