尿素作为添加剂低温制备高活性的TiO2光催化剂

以钛酸丁酯为原料,尿素作为添加剂,在酸性水溶液中室温制备了稳定透明的TiO2水溶胶。经过300℃低温焙烧2 h,得到了由锐钛矿和金红石组成的TiO2混晶。用XRD、FT-IR对催化剂进行了表征。以甲基橙为降解对象研究了TiO2的光催化活性,实验结果显示所制备的TiO2具有比Degussa P25更高的催化活性,15m in后的降解率达到了78%(P25,58%)。考察了尿素添加量以及焙烧温度对TiO2催化性能的影响,当尿素与钛酸丁酯物质的量之比为3∶1,300℃下焙烧2 h为较适宜的催化剂制备条件。初步探讨了尿素作为添加剂在低温制备高活性TiO2过程中的作用。     

Yb:GdVO4晶体的缺陷研究

Yb：GdVO4晶体是一种很好的激光材料，但缺陷会对晶体的激光性能产生严重影响，开展对该晶体的缺陷研究有助于提高晶体质量。采用提拉法生长了面25mm×20mm，掺杂浓度为2％的Yb：GdVO4晶体；分析了晶体的结构及其对晶体解理性的影响；采用化学腐蚀法，以盐酸、氢氟酸为腐蚀剂，对晶体的主要晶面进行了化学腐蚀实验，通过其腐蚀坑形貌对晶体中的位错和晶界进行了研究；对晶体进行了高分辨X衍射实验，结果表明晶体中存在镶嵌块结构；开裂及散射颗粒也为晶体中较常见缺陷。分析了缺陷的成因并提出了预防措施。     

Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Two Coordination Polymers with Aromatic Dioxide as Bridge Ligands

Two coordination polymers, namely, two-dimensional complex 1 {[Cu(μ- L)1.5(ClO4)2(H2O)].(H2O)0.5}n (L = pyrazine-1,4-dioxide) and one-dimensional complex 2 [Co(μ-L)Br2(H2O)2]n, have been synthesized with pyrazine-1,4-dioxide as bridging ligands, and their crystal structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystal data for complex 1: monoclinic system, space group C2/c, with a = 23.310(3), b = 12.2338(17), c = 10.6075(15) , β = 110.487(2)°, V = 2833.6(7) 3, Z = 8, C6H9Cl2CuN3O12.5, Mr = 457.60, Dc = 2.145 g/cm3, F(000) = 1832 and μ = 1.998 mm-1; and those for 2: monoclinic system, space group C2/c, with a = 11.012(3), b = 7.483(2), c = 11.451(3) , β = 101.654(4)°, V = 924.2(4) 3, Z = 4, C4H8Br2CoN2O4, Mr = 366.87, Dc = 2.637 g/cm3, F(000) = 700 and μ = 10.487 mm-1. 1 shows a two-dimensional sheet structure on the ac plane through the coordination of μ-L bridging ligands with Cu(II) ions, while 2 displays a zigzag one-dimensional chain along the c axis via the coordination of μ-L bridging ligand with Co(II) ions. Hydrogen bonds in 1 and 2 make the sheets (or chains) connect each other to form a three-dimensional structure.     

A new HF-resistant tandem spray chamber for improved determination of trace elements and Pb isotopes using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

The use of a new HF-resistant tandem spray chamber arrangement consisting of a cyclonic spray chamber and a Scott-type spray chamber made from PFA and PEEK provides a straightforward approach for improving the performance of inductively coupled-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The characteristics of the tandem spray chamber were critically evaluated against a PEEK cyclonic and a PFA Scott-type spray chamber, respectively. Sensitivity across the entire mass range was increased by about three times compared to the conventional setup utilizing only one spray chamber. Precision of the results, especially at low signal intensities, improved by 160% and 31% compared to the cyclonic and Scott-type spray chamber, respectively. Using the tandem spray chamber, the oxide formation rate was lowered by about 50%. Signals as low as 30 counts could be determined under routine measurement conditions with a RSD of 2.4% thus allowing to precisely quantify small concentration differences at the ng l^− 1 concentration level. The excellent precision (0.02–0.07%) of ²⁰⁶Pb / ²⁰⁷Pb and ²⁰⁶Pb / ²⁰⁸Pb ratios determined in pore water samples was rather limited by the instrumental capabilities of the single collector ICP-MS instrument than by the performance of the tandem spray chamber.     

低温水热法制备硅胶负载型二氧化钛催化剂

TiO2作为一种优良的光催化材料,能够降解有机物,起到抗菌防污的作用,其在工业上的潜在应用已吸引众多研究者的普遍关注和深入研究[1-3]。为了进一步提高它的光催化活性,研究者试图运用各种方法和技术对纯TiO2进行改进。负载[3]是其中常用方法之一。对于无负载的二氧化钛,由于本     

Dynamic Study of Gemini Surfactant and Single-chain Surfactant at Air／Water Interface

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation are used to study the properties of gemini surfactant of ethyl-α,ω-bis(dodecyldimethylammonium bromide) (C12C2C12) and dodecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) at the air/water interface, respectively. In the two systems,t he surfactant concentrations are both 28 wt.%, and other conditions are also the same. After reaching the thermodynamic equilibrium, the concentration profiles, the radial distributions functions (RDF) and the mean squared displacement (MSD) are investigated. The results reveal that the surface activity of C12C2C12 surfactant is higher than DTAB surfactant.     

Molecular dynamics studies on octadecylammonium chloride at the air/liquid interface

Molecular dynamics simulations on surfactant octadecylammonium chloride at the air/liquid interface were performed. It was found that the alkyl chains of octadecylammonium would change to order with increasing the concentration of octadecylammonium at the air/liquid interface. Some functions, such as the concentration distributions, the radial distribution function and the mean squared displacement (MSD) were evaluated to investigate the structural properties of interface. We found that the salts can affect octadecylammonium aggregate at the interface: (1) univalent ions, such as chloride and sodium ions, affect slightly the structure of monolayer and (2) bivalent ions, such as sulfate or calcium ions, affect greatly, especially for the bivalent negative ions.     

Application of symplectic algorithms to QCT calculation:H+H_2 system

The basic theory of symplectic algorithm was introduced. A comparison between Runge-Kutta method and symplectic integration method was preformed in the simulation of the long time behavior of H + H2 system on BKMP potential energy surface. Our results reveal a dis-sipative behavior in the integral of ordinary differential equation by the fourth order Runge-Kutta method, which causes incorrect simulation results in QCT calculations. However, when the symplectic integration method is applied, the dissipative behavior is not found in the same system. When the initial state is the same, the energy deviation of fourth order symplectic integral method is almost one percent of that of fourth order Runge-Kutta method in a 60000-step simulation, and that of sixth order symplectic integral method is much less. These results show that the symplectic integral methods are always the better choice in the integral calculation of the long time behavior in maintaining energy conservation.     

沉淀法合成纳米晶长余辉材料Y2O2S∶Eu3+，Ti

The long-lasting phosphorescent materials, yttrium oxysulfides doped by Eu and Ti, were systhesized by coprecipitation with their subsequent thermal decomposition in the presence of sulphur. The products were characterized by XRD, TEM, phosphorescent spectra, and thermoluminescence. The XRD results indicate that the lowest synthesis temperature is 700 ℃. From the TEM, the average diameter of particles was in the range of 60～120 nm, and augmented with the increase of temperature. The materials under UV excitation presented well afterglow from the transition of ⁵D_0,1 → ⁷F_J of Eu³⁺, and the persistent time was about 2 h. The long-lasting afterglow mechanism was discussed, too.     

Oscillation condition for a series piezoelectric sensor. Application to the determination of urease activity in plant seeds

The oscillating conditions for a series piezoelectric quartz crystal (SPQC) are proposed and verified experimentally. The influence of the cell constant and oscillator phase on the oscillational ability of the SPQC was investigated. It is shown that the SPQC possesses excellent oscillational ability in low or high conductivity solutions, but in solution of intermediate conductivity, the oscillational ability decreases with increasing oscillator phase or decreasing cell constant, sometimes resulting in a cease-to-oscillate zone. The SPQC was applied to determine the urease activity in plant seeds with a detection limit of 0.004 U ml⁻¹, based on the change in conductivity.