Emerging applications of nano-optical sensors combined with near-infrared spectroscopy for detecting tea extract fermentation aroma under ultrasound-assisted sonication

The current innovative work combines nano-optical sensors with near-infrared spectroscopy for rapid detection and quantification of polyphenols and investigates the potential of the nano-optical sensor based on chemo-selective colorants to detect the dynamic changes in aroma components during the fermentation of tea extract. The procedure examined the influence of different ultrasound-assisted sonication factors on the changes in the consumption rate of polyphenols during the fermentation of tea extract versus non-sonication as a control group. The results showed that the polyphenol consumption rate improved under the ultrasound conditions of 28 kHz ultrasound frequency, 24 min treatment time, and 40 W/L ultrasonic power density. The metal–organic framework based nano-optical sensors reported here have more adsorption sites for enhanced adsorption of the volatile organic compounds. The polystyrene-acrylic microstructure offered specific surface area for the reactants. Besides, the employed porous silica nanospheres with higher porosity administered improved gas enrichment effect. The nano-optical sensor exhibits good performance with a “chromatogram” for the identification of aroma components in the fermentation process of tea extract. The proposed method respectively enhanced the consumption rate of polyphenol by 35.57%, 11.34% and 16.09% under the optimized conditions. Based on the established polyphenol quantitative prediction models, this work demonstrated the feasibility of using a nano-optical sensor to perform in-situ imaging of the fermentation degree of tea extracts subjected to ultrasonic treatment.     

An electrochemical ascorbic acid sensor based on palladium nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide

In this study, an electrochemical ascorbic acid (AA) sensor was constructed based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with palladium nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide (PdNPs-GO). PdNPs with a mean diameter of 2.6 nm were homogeneously deposited on GO sheets by the redox reaction between PdCl₄²⁻ and GO. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometric methods were used to evaluate the electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of AA in neutral media. Compared to a bare GC or a Pd electrode, the anodic peak potential of AA (0.006 V) at PdNPs-GO modified electrode was shifted negatively, and the large anodic peak potential separation (0.172 V) of AA and dopamine (DA), which could contribute to the synergistic effect of GO and PdNPs, was investigated. A further amperometric experiment proved that the proposed sensor was capable of sensitive and selective sensing of AA even in the presence of DA and uric acid. The modified electrode exhibited a rapid response to AA within 5 s and the amperometric signal showed a good linear correlation to AA concentration in a broad range from 20 μM to 2.28 mM with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.9991. Moreover, the proposed sensor was applied to the determination of AA in vitamin C tablet samples. The satisfactory results obtained indicated that the proposed sensor was promising for the development of novel electrochemical sensing for AA determination.     

时间分辨荧光免疫法检测日本鳗鲡的产酸克雷伯氏菌

从皮肤点状出血的日本鳗鲡中分离出产酸克雷伯氏菌菌株B12,经福尔马林灭活后,注射新西兰兔,制备免疫抗血清,G蛋白亲和层析纯化得到抗体（IgG）,以固定于微孔板的IgG作为捕获抗体,Eu³⁺螯合物标记的IgG作为检测抗体,建立了产酸克雷伯氏菌的夹心型时间分辨荧光免疫检测法（TRFIA）,并研究了抗体浓度、免疫时间及离解时间对检测的影响。本方法检出限为5.0×10³ cfu/mL;线性范围5.0×10³～1.0×10⁷ cfu/mL,相关系数达0.99以上。交叉反应表明其具有较高的特异性,板内和板间相对标准偏差分别为5.64%和2.27%。将本方法标准化后,检测了29份人工感染的日本鳗鲡样品,包括鳃、肾、肠、肝和肌肉组织,结果满意。     

The hyperspace of the regions below continuous maps with the fell topology

For a Tychonoff space X,we use ↓USC F(X) and ↓C F(X) to denote the families of the hypographs of all semi-continuous maps and of all continuous maps from X to I = [0,1] with the subspace topologies of the hyperspace Cld F(X × I) consisting of all non-empty closed sets in X × I endowed with the Fell topology.In this paper,we shall show that there exists a homeomorphism h:↓USC F(X) → Q = [1,1] ω such that h(↓CF(X))=c0 = {(xn)∈Q| lim n→∞ x n = 0} if and only if X is a locally compact separable metrizable space and the set of isolated points is not dense in X.     

Geometric character of domain and the Harnack inequality of solution of a singular parabolic equation

The geometric character of domains of solutions of a singular parabolic equation with the Neumann boundary condition are discussed in this work. We prove a gradient estimate and a Harnack type inequality and then, show that the domains of the solutions are exactly columns in the space-time. Specially, the altitudes of the columns are calculated accurately.     

拟线性退化抛物方程Cauchy问题的解

对来自金融数学领域的方程_xxu+u_yu-_tu=c（x,y,t,u）,（x,y,t）∈Q_T=R²×[0,T)的Cauchy问题,给出了一种新的熵解的定义,得到了其适定性结果.可以证明所得到的解还是强解,即方程中所出现的各阶偏导数几乎处处连续.最后讨论了解的爆破性质以及与解的间断点相关的几何性质.     

一类抛物方程组解的存在唯一性及关于耦合函数的连续依赖性

利用上、下解方法讨论了抛物方程组解的存在唯一性,并证明了解关于耦合函数的连续依赖性,同时给出了误差估计．     

A new extended dispersionless mKP hierarchy and hodograph solution

In this article, a new extended dispersionless mKP hierarchy (exdmKPH) is constructed to obtain two types of dispersionless mKP equations with self-consistent sources (dmKPSCS) and their associated conservation equations. Two reductions of this hierarchy are used to get two types of the corresponding dispersionless mKdV equations with self-consistent sources (dmKdVSCS). A hodograph solution for the first type of dmKdVSCS and Bäcklund transformation between the extended dispersionless KP hierarchy (exdKPH) and exdmKPH are also given.     

锥度量空间的若干拓扑性质

讨论锥度量空间的一些拓扑性质．主要讨论锥度量空间的邻域,开集和拓扑结构,以及锥度量空间中序列的收敛性．     

具脉冲效应的非自治随机干扰的捕食-食饵系统的研究

建立一个具有脉冲效应的非自治随机的比例依赖的捕食-食饵模型,通过研究具有脉冲效应的非自治随机系统与无脉冲效应的非自治随机系统的等价性,证明该模型的有界性,均值一致有界和灭绝性等动力学性质.