Optimal error estimate of the local discontinuous Galerkin methods based on the generalized alternating numerical fluxes for nonlinear convection–diffusion equations

Numerical Algorithms - In this paper, we present the optimal L2-norm error estimate of the local discontinuous Galerkin method based on the generalized alternating numerical flux for nonlinear...     

可见光辐射下富勒烯[60]–氧化铁复合催化剂的制备及光芬顿法降解有机污染物研究（英文）

采用简单的可升级的化学浸渍法,将Fe_2O_3掺杂到富勒烯[60](C_(60))上,制得C_(60)-Fe_2O_3纳米复合材料.采用了粉末X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电镜、高分辨透射电镜、紫外-可见吸收光谱、拉曼光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱,对其进行了表征.结果发现,XPS数据中,Fe2p_(3/2)和Fe2p_(1/2)的XPS特征峰分别位于结合能710.9和724.1 eV处,对应Fe_2O_3的Fe~(3+).富勒烯颗粒均匀分散在Fe_2O_3纳米颗粒表面,Fe_2O_3纳米颗粒的平均尺寸大约为20–30 nm;Fe_2O_3对于可见光只有微弱的吸收,而制备出的C_(60)-Fe_2O_3纳米复合材料对于可见光有较强的吸收响应.本文将C_(60)-Fe_2O_3纳米复合光催化材料用于光催化降解50 mL,20mg/l MB和50 mL,10 mg/L苯酚实验.结果发现,在双氧水存在下和可见光(420 nm)辐射条件下,C_(60)-Fe_2O_3对上述有机污染物均有较好的降解效果.通过测定上述有机物的削减程度,评估了C_(60)-Fe_2O_3催化剂的光催化活性,通过改变实验条件,得到可见光/C_(60)-Fe_2O_3/双氧水体系的最佳光催化降解条件:在pH值为3.06~10.34的范围内,投加0.02 g催化剂,5 mol/L双氧水.结果表明,在最佳条件下,亚甲基蓝在80min内脱色率能达到98.9%,矿化率能达到71%.浸出实验的结果表明,C_(60)-Fe_2O_3复合光催化剂中的铁浸出量可以忽略不计.经过5次循环使用后,C_(60)-Fe_2O_3复合光催化剂仍具有较高的光催化活性.为了进一步验证C_(60)-Fe_2O_3复合光催化剂的应用广泛性,本文在可见光/C_(60)-Fe_2O_3/双氧水体系下,开展了降解RhB,MO和苯酚的试验,结果发现,该催化剂它们也具有高的降解效果.机理研究发现,C_(60)-Fe_2O_3复合光催化剂的高效催化能力可归因于C_(60)和Fe_2O_3的协同效应:在可见光辐射下,由于C_(60)具有独特的光敏性特征,能够接收电子并把它们转移到Fe_2O_3的Fe3d轨道,并通过一系列反应,达到Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)循环平衡.利用活性组分捕集实验,对光催化反应过程中的主要活性氧化剂进行了区分.结果表明,羟基自由基在整个过程中发挥了最主要的作用.     

Photoinduced Reaction of α-Bromoacetophenone with Thiosulfonate: Synthesis of β-Keto Thiosulfone

A photoinduced synthesis of β-keto thiosulfone/β-keto selenosulfone by the reaction of α-bromoacetophenone with thiosulfonate/selenosulfonate under metal-free and visible light irradiation conditions is developed. Two C−S bonds or one C−S bond and one C−Se bond were constructed simultaneously.     

Mechanical characterization of nanoclay-filled PDMS thin films

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) reinforced by nanoclay platelets exhibits excellent mechanical properties for microfluidic systems. We tested PDMS-clay nanocomposite thin films under flat-ended cylindrical indentation and measured the elastic modulus and shear strength. A simple formulation based on a shear-lag model, fed by numerical simulations, was introduced to estimate the interfacial shear strength of thin films. Increase in the nanoclay content improved the elasticity of PDMS-clay thin films but reduced their interfacial shear strength. Shear thinning behavior of nanoclay platelets probably reduced the strength of PDMS nanocomposites. The proposed approach can be used for characterization of any polymeric thin films.     

Moyennabilité des groupes dénombrables et actions sur les espaces de Cantor

We answer a question of R. Grigorchuk by showing the following characterization: for a countable group Γ to be amenable, it is necessary and sufficient that any continuous action of Γ on the Cantor set has an invariant probability measure. The proof uses an easy variation of a classical result of Alexandroff and Urysohn: any metrisable Γ-space is an equivariant surjective image of a Γ-Cantor set.     

Pulse radiolysis of (RhI(CO)2Cl)2 and (RhII(CH3COO)2)2 solutions under CO or N2 atmosphere

Ethanolic solutions of (Rh^I(CO)₂Cl)₂ and aqueous solutions of (Rh^IICH₃COO)₂)₂ have been investigated by pulse radiolysis under CO or N₂ atmosphere. In the first case the reduction of the Rh^I complex is shown to proceed via CO^- formation. In the second case, several steps have been evidenced, one of them extremely fast, indicating an exceptional reactivity of such a binuclear rhodium structure towards the electron. Spectra of transient species at different times are presented. A species absorbing at 520 nm, already present at 10 ns, is assigned to a Rh^IRh^II complex resulting itself from a reaction of the initial salt with pre-solvated electrons. A mechanism is proposed to account for the decay kinetics of e^-_aq and the spectral changes. The rate constants are evaluated for each of the five steps occuring within the first microsecond.     

基于上/下转换发光的新型比率荧光温度探针

温度的可视化实时监测,一直都是科学研究的重点方向。荧光传感是一种具有高灵敏度、快速响应、可视化等优点的半侵入式测温方法,在生物医药等领域已被广泛应用。然而,传统荧光探针容易受到外界条件波动的影响而产生误差。为解决这一问题,可以采用两组荧光检测信号构建比率型荧光探针,通过两组信号的相互校准提高检测的准确性。传统的比率荧光温度探针大多基于下转换荧光发射,这类探针通常由短波长光激发,对生物组织穿透性差且有一定伤害,还会受到生物组织自发荧光的干扰。频率上转换是由长波长激发,短波长发射的一种光致发光现象,由其构建的荧光探针可以克服传统下转换荧光探针的上述缺点。而基于三线态-三线态湮灭(TTA)机理的频率上转换发光体系,由光敏剂和湮灭剂的双分子体系共同构成,因而自身就同时具有上/下转换的发光特性,满足了构建比率型荧光探针的条件。然而目前,基于TTA上转换体系的比率型荧光温度探针还鲜见报导,已报导的工作中仍需要另外添加参比探针。仅通过TTA双分子体系构建的上/下转换比率型荧光温度探针仍然是一大挑战。本文通过将传统的TTA上转换体系(PdOEP/DPA)负载于由温敏型两亲性聚合物Pluronic-F127组装形成的胶束中,形成上转换纳米胶束温度探针。随着温度的升高,聚合物亲水链段水溶性下降,向胶束核心位置收缩,导致负载上转换分子的胶束内部空间体积减小,TTA分子间碰撞概率增大,上转换效率提高,上转换发光的强度也随之提高;与此同时,光敏剂的下转换磷光发射也会发生小幅度的下降。由此上/下转换两组荧光信号构成的比率荧光,可成功实现25~60 ℃范围内对温度的线性检测,并可通过肉眼观察到体系发光由紫红色向蓝紫色的转变,检测结果的重复性良好。TTA上转换分子通过被温敏聚合物胶束的包覆,既解决了在实际应用中探针水溶性差,以及上转换发光易被氧气淬灭的问题,还为上转换体系提供了温敏性质,实现了上转换发光对温度的精确响应。这种基于上转换纳米胶束的比率型荧光温度探针不仅制备方法简单,具有良好的生物相容性,且检测灵敏度高,可以人眼识别,无需外加参比,对生物体内温度在线监测的实现具有重要意义。     

Phase Diagram of the Spin-1/2 Heisenberg Alternating Chain in a Magnetic Field *

By using the infinite time-evolving block decimation, we study quantum fidelity and entanglemententropy in the spin-1/2 Heisenberg alternating chain under an external magnetic field .The effects of the magnetic field on the fidelity are investigated, and its relation with the quantum hase transition (QPT) is analyzed. The phase diagram of the model is given accordingly, which supports the Haldane phase, the singlet-dimer phase, the Luttinger liquid phase and the paramagnetic phase. The scaling of entanglement entropy in the gapless Luttinger liquid phase is studied, and the central charge $c=1$ is obtained. We also study the relationship between the quantum coherence, string order parameter and QPTs. Results obtained from these quantum information observations are consistent with the previous reports.     

Limits on rough-particle sizing with low-defocus interferometric imaging

We present a rigorous theoretical model for the influence of the aperture in interferometric out-of-focus imaging. We investigate the role of this effect on the properties of speckle-like patterns generated by irregular, rough particles. Finally, we determine the conditions under which these patterns are no longer representative of particle size but of the aperture itself and the defocus parameter.