中红外谐波检测背景信号漂移的修正方法

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱（TDLAS）由于具有高灵敏度、高分辨率、非侵入及实时检测等特点,被广泛应用于燃烧诊断、痕量气体监测、工业过程控制等领域中。波长调制光谱（WMS）的二次谐波（2f）检测是最常用的TDLAS气体传感方法之一。激光器作为TDLAS-WMS在线检测系统中最核心的部件之一,在长期运行过程中会由于其工作温度等因素变化,引起输出激光波长漂移和2f背景信号基线变化,从而导致气体浓度反演的精确度和TDLAS-WMS在线检测系统的稳定性降低。针对上述问题,根据NO气体分子在中红外波段5.176~5.189 μm的基频吸收特性,选择峰值发射波长位于5.184 μm的分布反馈式连续波量子级联激光器（DFB-CW QCL）,分析了输出激光中心波长对应的峰值采样点位置随采样时间变化的漂移规律和2f吸收及其背景信号的漂移特性。基于上述分析,提出了以2f信号平均峰峰值替代2f信号峰值建立气体浓度反演模型以修正2f背景信号基线漂移,并结合以信噪比最优为2f背景信号波长漂移修正原则的2f背景信号漂移综合修正方法,以消除TDLAS-WMS在线检测系统长期连续检测过程中2f背景信号漂移对气体浓度反演结果的不利影响。研究结果表明,2f信号平均峰峰值随配置的NO样气浓度的增加而增大,这两者呈现较好的线性关系,其拟合曲线的线性拟合度R2达到了0.999 9。在使用体积浓度为20×10-6 NO气体样品开展的连续60 min监测实验中,波长漂移修正后,反演浓度的标准偏差由波长漂移修正前的0.19×10-6下降到了0.07×10-6,反演浓度的最大相对误差由波长漂移修正前的6.30%下降到了3.85%,相对误差均方值由波长漂移修正前的24.39%下降到了9.99%。结果显示,该2f背景信号漂移综合修正方法可以有效地抑制2f背景信号漂移对气体浓度反演结果的影响,显著提高了TDLAS-WMS在线检测系统连续监测的灵敏度、精确度和稳定性。     

基于光谱学分析的水泥基渗透结晶防水材料作用机理探讨

以渗透结晶防水材料为研究对象,将渗透结晶防水材料掺入水泥基材料制备水泥基渗透结晶防水材料。基于X射线衍射仪(XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)分析了渗透结晶防水材料的组分,在此基础上研究了渗透结晶防水材料对构件力学性能的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)与X射线衍射仪(XRD)对水泥基渗透结晶防水材料构件的微观形貌和物相组成进行分析,结合抗压强度回复率、抗渗压力等相关数据,阐明水泥基渗透结晶防水材料作用机理。研究表明,渗透结晶防水材料的主要成分为氧化钙、硅酸钠、二硅酸钠、碳酸钙、氢氧化钙、稠环芳烃类减水剂、乙二胺四乙酸盐。掺入渗透结晶防水材料的水泥基渗透结晶防水材料,其力学性能、抗渗性能、自愈合性能优越,即7,14和28 d的抗折强度分别为2.65,3.29和4.35 MPa,抗压强度分别为12.11,14.57和16.77 MPa;一次抗渗压力与二次抗渗压力分别为0.8和0.9 MPa;7,14,28和56 d的抗压回复率分别为80.91%,90.35%,100.44%和105.90%。水泥基渗透结晶防水材料的作用机理：渗透结晶防水材料中硅酸钠、二硅酸钠与水泥中的钙离子发生反应形成水化硅酸钙凝胶(C—S—H凝胶),有效修补裂缝;氧化钙、碳酸钙以及氢氧化钙作为钙离子补偿剂提供大量钙离子,在水环境下有效促使裂缝愈合;碳酸钙在水环境中缓慢溶解产生Ca2+,CO2-₃以及HCO-₃,CO2-₃与HCO-₃结合大量钙离子生成碳酸钙结晶,与C—S—H凝胶协同作用对水泥基材料的裂缝进行封堵。     

纸币图像Gabor特征提取与识别

研究了基于Gabor滤波器组的人民币图像识别方法。针对纸币图像特点,设计了适合于其特征提取的Gabor滤波器组参数,得到了纸币图像多尺度多方向上的纹理特征,然后对纹理图像进行网格划分,并计算网格中像素灰度均值行列投影和,最后采用网格投影特征模板匹配法进行纸币识别。实验表明该法抗干扰能力较强,能够较大提高旧币和污染纸币识别率,并且耗时不长。     

One-dimensional mesopore-array formation on low doped N-type silicon

The mechanism concerning mesopore formation remains unclear to date. In this letter, linear nuclei were pre-structured on purpose; anodizing with aqueous HF electrolyte, one-dimensional (1D) arrays of mesopores with depths up to 40 μm and diameters down to 20 nm (aspect ratios up to 1300) were fabricated in the dark. Significantly higher pore densities and markedly weaker branches occurred in comparison to randomly formed mesopores. Pore densities could increase with decreased current densities. Breakdown effects combined with current-burst-model were employed to interpret the underlying mechanism in detail; SCR (space charge region) effects were excluded as additional stabilizer of the 1D mesopore arrays.     

8英寸导电型4H-SiC单晶的生长

采用物理气相传输(PVT)法扩径获得了8英寸(1英寸=2.54 cm)4H-SiC籽晶,用于8英寸导电型4H-SiC晶体生长,并加工出厚度520 μm的8英寸4H-SiC衬底。使用拉曼光谱、全自动显微镜面扫描、非接触电阻率测试仪面扫描和高分辨X射线衍射仪对衬底的晶型、微管、电阻率和结晶质量进行了表征。衬底颜色均一并结合拉曼光谱表明衬底4H-SiC晶型面积比例为100%;衬底微管密度小于0.3 cm^-2;衬底电阻率范围20~23 mΩ·cm,平均值为22 mΩ·cm;(004)面高分辨X射线摇摆曲线半峰全宽为32.7″,表明衬底良好的结晶质量。     

Large scale synthesis of porous microspheres of Mg–Al-layerd double hydroxide with improved fire suppression effectiveness

Porous microspheres of Mg–Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) were fabricated in large scale through a simple sonication-assisted method in the mixed solvent of ethylene glycol and water. Contrast experiments showed that sonication and ethylene glycol both played important roles for the formation of the porous nanostructures of Mg–Al-LDHs. A series of techniques of XRD (X-ray Diffraction), FTIR (Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface analysis) and TG–DTA (Thermalgravimetric–Differential Thermal Analysis) were used to characterize the product. Laboratory-scale fire extinguishment tests showed that thus-prepared porous LDHs showed much superior performance to that of the solid particulate counterpart for relatively shorter extinguishing time and smaller amount of agents required. Such an improvement could be reasonably ascribed to the special porous structure and nanosize of as-prepared Mg–Al-LDHs microspheres.     

Fabrication of Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles Hybridized with AIE Luminogens and Exploration of Their Applications as Nanobiosensors in Intracellular Imaging

Highly emissive inorganic–organic nanoparticles with core–shell structures are fabricated by a one‐pot, surfactant‐free hybridization process. The surfactant‐free sol–gel reactions of tetraphenylethene‐ (TPE) and silole‐functionalized siloxanes followed by reactions with tetraethoxysilane afford fluorescent silica nanoparticles FSNP‐ 1 and FSNP‐ 2 , respectively. The FSNPs are uniformly sized, surface‐charged and colloidally stable. The diameters of the FSNPs are tunable in the range of 45–295 nm by changing the reaction conditions. Whereas their TPE and silole precursors are non‐emissive, the FSNPs strongly emit in the visible vision, as a result of the novel aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics of the TPE and silole aggregates in the hybrid nanoparticles. The FSNPs pose no toxicity to living cells and can be utilized to selectively image cytoplasm of HeLa cells.     

中美化工安全本科教育对比

针对中美2国高校化工安全教育的发展,对比2国化工安全本科教育在教育背景、专业课程和教学资源方面的差异。依据对比结果,分析我国化工安全本科教育存在的不足,提出从加强安全文化教育、推进化工专业认证和提高师资工程背景等方面促进我国化工安全本科教育的发展。     

A review on hollow fiber membrane module towards high separation efficiency: Process modeling in fouling perspective

Hollow fiber microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membrane processes have been extensively used in water purification and biotechnology. However, complicated filtration hydrodynamics wield a negative influence on fouling mitigation and stability of hollow fiber MF/UF membrane processes. Thus, establishing a mathematical model to understand the membrane processes is essential to guide the optimization of module configurations and to alleviate membrane fouling. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the hollow fiber MF/UF membrane filtration models developed from different theories. The existing models primarily focus on membrane fouling but rarely on the interactions between the membrane fouling and local filtration hydrodynamics. Therefore, more simplified conceptual models and integrated reduced models need to be built to represent the real filtration behaviors of hollow fiber membranes. Future analyses considering practical requirements including complicated local hydrodynamics and nonuniform membrane properties are suggested to meet the accurate prediction of membrane filtration performance in practical application. This review will inspire the development of high-efficiency hollow fiber membrane modules.     

Blue InGaN light-emitting diodes with dip-shaped quantum wells

InGaN based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with dip-shaped quantum wells and conventional rectangular quantum wells are numerically investigated by using the APSYS simulation software. It is found that the structure with dip-shaped quantum wells shows improved light output power, lower current leakage and less efficiency droop. Based on numerical simulation and analysis, these improvements on the electrical and the optical characteristics are attributed mainly to the alleviation of the electrostatic field in dip-shaped InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs).