巯基苯并咪唑在银电极表面的自组装吸附特性及表面增强拉曼光谱

采用循环伏安法处理Ag电极,得到活化的具有表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)效应的粗糙Ag表面,进一步采用激光拉曼光谱探讨了2-巯基苯并咪唑(MBI)在其表面的自组装分子层的吸附特性。实验表明,在活性Ag表面的MBI自组装分子层能够产生理想的SERS效应,其强度随探针分子MBI浓度的增加先提高后减弱,达到一定浓度时因受其空间位阻等因素的影响,增强效应减弱。MBI在1×10^-6 mol·L^-1 浓度时增强效果最大。拉曼增强效应随着体系酸度的变化有着明显不同,在强酸性条件下的增强效应明显优于中性和碱性条件。MBI分子存在两种不同的异构体和在不同酸度下存在3种不同的存在形态,并形成动态平衡。pH <2时,MBI分子主要以硫酮式MBI⁺存在,并以巯基上的S:与活性Ag以配位方式吸附成键,其整个大π键平面垂直地吸附于Ag表面,产生相对较大的SERS信号。pH >2时,由于硫酮式和硫醇式与活性Ag的键合方式和能力不同,硫醇式上的S与Ag以S-Ag共价方式同时双键侧上的N以配位方式协同参与吸附成键,比硫酮式MBI⁺的单纯配位吸附要强,因而形成了竞争吸附,表现为SERS在pH=2~3.7之间的急剧下降。MBI硫醇式由于以S-Ag、N-Ag键的协同吸附,形成了倾斜侧卧式垂直吸附,而使拉曼增强效应相对减弱。     

Fe3O4改性的Ru/γ-Al2O3催化剂的原位液相加氢性能

采用分步浸渍法制备负载型Ru-Fe₃O₄/γ-Al₂O₃ 催化剂, 并利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X 射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附-脱附(BET)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱与X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征催化剂的纳米颗粒粒径分布、晶相组成、表面结构及吸附物种等性质. 将Ru-Fe₃O₄/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂用于3,4-二氯硝基苯选择性原位液相加氢反应, 考察了反应条件对催化活性的影响, 并讨论了不同制备条件下催化剂的稳定性能. 结果表明, 在473 K、液压3 MPa、原料质量分数2%, 乙醇/水体积比75:25 的反应条件下, 3,4-二氯硝基苯的转化率为100%, 3,4-二氯苯胺的选择性高达96.4%. Fe₃O₄含量对催化剂稳定性能有显著影响, 当Ru和Fe 的质量分数分别为2%和6%时, 催化剂可稳定200 h以上. 表面吸附CO与积碳是导致催化剂失活的主要原因, 以Fe₃O₄作为高效的助剂, 进行水汽转换(WGS)反应与费托合成(FTS)可移除CO, 而采用煅烧法去除表面积碳. 晶相变化与纳米颗粒的聚集可能导致催化剂部分失活, 其原因以及再生方法需进一步考察.     

乙腈溶剂中三氯化苄在银阴极上的脱氯反应

用常规循环伏安(CV)法和恒电位电解法研究了含0.1 mol·L^-四丁基高氯酸铵(TBAP)乙腈溶剂中三氯化苄在银电极上的还原脱氯机理; 用以银和氯离子的氧化还原反应为基础的阳极区拓宽CV法探测了还原脱氯反应生成氯离子在银电极上的吸附情况. 循环伏安实验表明: (1) 银电极对三氯化苄的电还原脱氯反应具有比汞电极更优良的电催化活性; (2) 三氯化苄在低扫描速率(v)下得到的第一个还原峰对应反应受吸附控制, 电子转移系数约为0.25, 遵守协同电子转移机理; (3) 三氯化苄还原脱氯反应生成氯离子在银电极上的吸附电位为-0.75 - -1.75 V (vs Ag/Ag⁺). 电解实验表明, 通过改变银电极电位可以有效控制三氯化苄还原反应的电解产物.     

表面增强拉曼光谱内标法测定水杨酸浓度

采用电化学方法处理银电极表面,使之产生具有表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)的活化效应,进而利用水杨酸(SA)吸附于粗糙活化的银电极表面所产生的SERS光谱,进行SA含量的测定。选择硫氰化钾(KSCN)为内标物,以SA的苯环呼吸振动峰(1 036 cm-1)与SCN-的特征峰(2 120 cm-1)强度比值作为相对强度,其相对强度与水杨酸的浓度在4×10-6~3×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,其线性系数为0.993 1;检出限为2.04×10-6mol/L;加标回收率为85.4%~114.6%。方法具有测定简便、内标物干扰小、绿色无害等特点,可进一步推广于其他特殊物质的测定。     

含氟菲咯啉的设计合成及其杂配铜配合物的光解水性能

设计合成新型含氟菲咯啉二齿配体,与六氟磷酸四乙腈合铜及磷配体Xantphos进行配位,得到相应的铜基配合物（CP1~CP4）,再以此配合物作为光敏剂用于光催化水解制氢,发现其在均相光解水体系中表现出较好的光敏活性,制氢总转换数（TON）可达896。结合对所选的配合物进行吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱的测试结果可知,此配合物在溶液中也具有很好的稳定性,不会发生配体的重组现象。荧光淬灭实验表明,氧化淬灭为光解水过程中主要的淬灭途径。此外,对这类配合物作为光敏剂的构效关系及其内在机理进行了初步的解释与探讨。     

氯离子伏安刻蚀制备高活性多孔银膜及其对三氯乙酸的电化学检测（英文）

采用无机阴离子促进的伏安刻蚀技术在银线表面制备高活性多孔银膜。优选的氯离子在伏安条件下通过微反应刻蚀,促使银丝表面形成自支撑的多孔通道。当在银丝电极上施加连续的正电位后,银电极表面在氯离子作用下快速形成AgCl膜,经施加的电位反向,在电化学还原作用下氯离子剥离,AgCl膜自发转化为自支撑的多孔银膜。研究表明,制备的多孔银膜(p-Ag film)对三氯乙酸具有较高的电催化活性,与原始银丝(r-Ag wire)相比,电化学活性表面积和电催化性能分别提高了174和3.7倍。将其用于三氯乙酸的电化学检测时,在浓度为0.1~518.1μmol·L-1范围内,制备的多孔银膜电极的最低检测限可达70 nmol·L-1(拟合相关性系数R2=0.9983)。     

Ru-Fe/C催化剂上邻氯硝基苯原位液相加氢性能

采用浸渍法制备Ru/C催化剂,并用于原位液相催化邻氯硝基苯(o-CNB)加氢合成邻氯苯胺(o-CAN)反应中.考察了浸渍顺序、助剂、还原温度、载体和助剂含量等因素对催化剂稳定性的影响.采用透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、傅里叶红外光谱和N2吸附-脱附等手段表征催化剂.结果表明,以15%Fe为助剂,活性炭为载体,制备得到的0.5%Ru-Fe/C催化剂经过523K氢气还原后o-CNB的转化率为99.7%,o-CAN的选择性达到98.7%,反应140h未出现明显失活.催化剂表面吸附CO导致中毒是失活的主要原因,同时对催化剂再生方法进行了探究.     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二氢盐中合成的苯胺和环氧丙烷共聚物的表征及其电催化性能

在纯离子液体1丁基3甲基咪唑磷酸二氢盐(BMIH2PO4)中,采用循环伏安法合成了苯胺和环氧丙烷共聚物(PAN PPO).采用FTIR和SEM对PAN PPO进行表征,同时研究了其对草酸的电催化氧化性能.结果表明,在BMIH2PO4中合成的PAN PPO,具有规则的纳米结构;对草酸具有较强且稳定的电催化氧化性能.     

离子液体BMImBF4中硝基甲烷在铜盘电极上的电化学行为

以铜盘电极为工作电极, 采用循环伏安和原位红外反射光谱技术研究了硝基甲烷在离子液体1-正丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(BMImBF4)中的电还原行为, 讨论了温度和扫描速度等因素对其电还原行为的影响. 研究结果表明, 硝基甲烷在离子液体BMImBF4中的还原反应是受扩散控制的不可逆过程, 其还原产物为亚硝基甲烷二聚体.     

具有聚集诱导发光特性的新型铂(Ⅱ)金属配合物及其光激发的自敏化氧化反应

The excited states of transition metal complexes with a wide range of photochemical and photophysical properties have attracted considerable attention recently. However, the luminescence property is affected by concentration quenching in practical applications. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is an effective strategy to solve this problem. In this work, a new imidazole-based N^C^N Pt(Ⅱ) metal complex, PtP2IM, with the AIE property was synthesized and characterized according to its single crystal structure. Under visible light, we found that the metal complex undergoes a photo-oxidation reaction with the generation of a new red-emitting, imidazole/benzoylimino-based N^C^N' Pt(Ⅱ) metal complex, PtPIMO, which was also confirmed by the crystal structure. Additional studies on the reaction process and conditions of this photo-oxidation reaction were conducted using different methods, such as NMR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and so on. The experimental results showed that the change from PtP2IM to PtPIMO gradually occurred, and the new photochemical reaction was finally concluded as the C＝C double bond in either one of the two imidazole rings of the PtP2IM complex was attacked by oxygen to generate a new complex, PtPIMO, under photoirradiation in air. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements demonstrated the production of singlet oxygen, which is an excited state of oxygen with a high energy. Through the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the electronic transition was determined to be a metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) in which more energy could transfer from the triplet excited state of PtP2IM to the ground-state oxygen to generate singlet oxygen (¹O₂) with a high intersystem crossing (ISC) efficiency due to the spin-orbit coupling of Pt heavy atoms. When large amounts of the singlet capture agent, triethylenediamine (TEDA) were added, the previously observed UV-Vis spectra change that corresponded to the photo oxidation reaction was not detected, which means that the photo-oxidation reaction observed in the case of PtP2IM was because of the oxidation by singlet oxygen. When oxygen was removed, excellent photostability and an obvious aggregation-induced emission (AIE) were observed for PtP2IM with the luminescent quantum efficiency of PtP2IM in solution and as a film at ~3% and ~20%, respectively. Based on the packing structure in the crystal, we observed that there were no strong intermolecular interactions, such as π-π or Pt-Pt interactions. Additionally, many intermolecular CH―π bonds between the two adjacent PtP2IM molecules were observed, which could effectively limit the rotation of the peripheral phenyl group linked to the imidazole ring. Thus, the AIE property of PtP2IM was attributed to the restricted intramolecular rotation (RIR) effect of the peripheral flexible phenyl group that was linked to the imidazole ring in the solid state in which the vibration of multiple peripheral benzene rings was effectively suppressed. This decreased the non-radiative transition rate and induced the high luminescent quantum efficiency. In the aggregation state, PtP2IM still demonstrated the photo-oxidation reaction by singlet oxygen. Thus, we report a new Pt(Ⅱ) metal complex, PtP2IM, with the AIE property that can undergo an uncommon photo-oxidation reaction in the photo-excitation state. This work aimed to elucidate the basic photochemical and photophysics of transition metal complexes with the AIE property.