氧化亚铁硫杆菌的胞外电子传递研究

使用循环伏安、计时电流等电化学方法研究了氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,At.f)的胞外电子传递机理.通过比较分别以亚铁离子和单质硫为电子供体培养的At.f的循环伏安曲线的还原峰可知,At.f具有胞外电子传递能力;恒压-0.4 V时,加入亚铁离子能够促进At.f的胞外电子传递;好氧条件比厌氧条件产生/变化的电流大1个数量级,说明At.f在好氧条件下具有较强的电化学活性.此外,采用X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱及扫描电子显微镜等对菌体的表面特征进行了分析.     

镍基焦油裂解催化剂再生特性及粉尘作用机理研究

在常压固定床反应器中,考察1.0%NiO/0.1%MgO-Al2O3催化剂的稳定性和原位再生性能,并在进料中引入粉尘以模拟真实的煤与生物质热解气化的含尘环境。结果表明,随着反应温度的升高,催化剂的活性提高,寿命缩短。该催化剂在循环再生实验中表现出良好的耐久性,再生温度为800℃时水热失活现象显著,优选的再生温度为600~700℃,再生时间20 min。随着再生剂中水蒸气比例的增加,催化剂的比表面积和孔结构逐渐发生变化。EPMA和XRD表征结果表明,引入粉尘后并未改变催化剂的组成,引入MgO后会形成(Mg0.4Al0.6)Al1.8O4晶相。SiO2具有促进积炭产生的作用,MgO则对积炭的产生具有一定的阻滞作用。适当降低空速可减弱SiO2等惰性粉尘对催化剂活性的负面作用。     

中国煤中溴的含量及分布

在测试分析中国27个省、直辖市和自治区的305个煤样中溴含量的基础上,从煤的不同成煤年代、不同变质程度以及不同聚煤区等方面分析和考查中国煤中溴的分布状况。结果表明,中国煤中溴的含量为0.12~69.66μg/g,因其对数值呈正态分布,故可用其几何平均值(7.04μg/g)表征中国煤中溴的含量,该值低于大多数其他国家煤中溴的平均含量,和日本煤中溴的平均值(7.10μg/g)较为接近。按煤中溴的平均值,中国13个省市小于5μg/g;9个省为5~15μg/g;5个省市高于15μg/g。根据煤的变质程度,中国煤中溴含量按照烟煤、无烟煤、褐煤、次烟煤顺序依次下降;根据成煤地质年代,按早石炭纪、新近纪、晚石炭纪、早二叠纪、中侏罗纪、晚三叠纪、早侏罗纪、晚侏罗纪、古近纪、中石炭纪依次下降;根据聚煤区,按西北、华北、华南、滇藏和东北聚煤区依次下降。中国煤中溴的分布受多种因素的影响,任何单一因素和其没有密切的相关性。     

晶化时间对ZSM-5/MCM-48复合分子筛结构及MTG反应性能的影响

采用两步晶化法制备ZSM-5/MCM-48微介孔复合分子筛,通过调变前驱体溶胶的晶化时间获得不同结构的ZSM-5/MCM-48基分子筛催化剂。采用XRD、N₂-吸附、SEM、TEM、FT-IR和Py-FTIR等手段进行表征,结果表明,前驱体溶胶的晶化时间对ZSM-5/MCM-48复合分子筛的结构和表面酸性产生重要的影响,而特定结构的复合分子筛基催化剂可以显著改变甲醇制汽油（MTG）反应的产物分布,与ZSM-5基催化剂相比显著降低了油品中芳烃和均四甲苯的含量。阐明了其催化作用机制是由于介孔结构的MCM-48对微孔结构的ZSM-5界面或表面的修饰作用。     

阳离子交换在线固相萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱法检测牛奶中14种磺胺药物残留

建立了阳离子交换模式在线固相萃取-液相色谱串联质谱法检测牛奶中14种磺胺药物方法。取5 g样品用15 mL乙腈提取和除蛋白,提取液于50℃氮气吹干后,用1.00 mL 0.2％甲酸溶解,溶解液通过双三元液相色谱用阳离子在线固相萃取柱在线富集净化,2％氨水甲醇/0.2％甲酸(50：50,V/V)洗脱。然后转移至C18色谱柱上进行分离,再用串联四级杆质谱检测。结果表明,14种磺胺类药物在0.1~10μg/kg含量范围内线性良好(r≥0.999);方法的检出限为0.05μg/kg,定量限为0.1μg/kg;方法回收率在60％~90％范围内,批内和批间相对标准偏差都小于10％。本方法较传统固相萃取柱净化法更简捷、经济和稳定。     

油页岩固定床热解反应器中内构件强化作用

在内构件(传热板和中心集气管)外热式固定床反应器中研究了油页岩热解产物生成特性,并与无内构件的相同常规固定床反应器内的油页岩热解行为对比,考察了两反应器中油页岩升温特性、热解产物分布、页岩油品质以及气体产物组成的变化规律.结果表明,内置传热板和中心集气管显著强化了反应器内的传热,相对于无内构件常规固定床反应器,料层升温速率提高了约2倍.对于依兰油页岩,其热解页岩油产率明显提高,最高达11.1 wt%(干燥基),明显高于无构件常规固定床反应器获得的页岩油产率.随着外加热炉温度的升高,内构件固定床反应器的页岩油产率逐渐增加,而无内构件常规固定床反应器的页岩油产率则明显降低.当外加热炉温度为1000℃时,前者页岩油产率是后者的2.3倍,并且内构件固定床反应器的热解水产率较低.两反应器中热解气产物组成相近,其H2与CH4之和占气体总量的70 vol%左右,热值为4406~5400 kcal/Nm3.     

Enhanced in vitro anticancer activity of quercetin mediated by functionalized CdTe QDs

We report in this study the effects of red-emitting CdTe QDs capped with cysteamine(Cys-CdTe) on the in vitro anticancer activity of the well-known flavenoid quercetin(Qu). Various techniques, including the methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay, the real-time cell electronic sensing system, the optical and fluorescence imaging, and electrochemical methods have been utilized to study the potential interactions of Cys-CdTe QDs with Qu. The observations demonstrate that the safe-dosage Cys-CdTe QDs can greatly improve the drug uptake and enhance the inhibition efficiency of Qu towards the proliferation of cancer cells such as HepG2 cells. This study implies that Cys-CdTe QDs may be used for cancer therapy and that they exert a synergic anticancer effect when bound to drug molecules.     

Selective adsorption and stable solidification of radioactive cesium ions by porous silica gels loaded with insoluble ferrocyanides

Development of highly functional cesium selective adsorbents for the decontamination of high-activity-level water(HALW) from the Fukushima NPP-1 accident is very urgent. In order to selectively adsorb the radioactive cesium, three kinds of novel porous silica gels loaded with insoluble ferrocyanides(SLFC) were prepared using a successive impregnation/precipitation method. Based on the results of previous research, the SLFC composites have relatively large uptake ratio above 95%, distribution coefficients(Kd) above 103 cm3/g, and excellent adsorption kinetics even in seawater. The solidification results also indicate that zeolites have an excellent Cs immobilization characteristic, gas-trapping and self-sintering abilities, and low leachability. We chose three kinds of SLFC composites to achieve the optimization of solidification by mixing with nine kinds of additives at high temperatures(up to 1200 °C). The Cs contents in the three composites were estimated to be below 30% of the initial contents and decreased with the three stages at calcination temperatures ranging from 25 to 1200 °C. By contrast, the Cs immobilization ratio was markedly lowered by mixing with additives: of those, allophane had the best immobilization result. By increasing the additive ratio to 50 wt%, the Cs immobilization ratio became almost 100% and no volatilization of Cs was detected even after calcination at 1200 °C. This result indicates that calcination of the mixture of SLFC composites after adsorbing Cs+ ions and specific additives under appropriate ratio is effective for stable solidification.     

高比能锂硫电池正极材料

锂硫电池被认为是最有发展潜力的新型多电子反应的二次电池体系之一.单质硫与锂反应的理论比容量为1675 mA h g?1,质量比能量达2600 W h kg?1,远远高于现行的传统锂离子二次电池材料.同时硫又具有来源丰富、环境友好等优点.然而,仍然有许多问题制约了锂硫电池的发展与广泛应用.本文综述了近年来锂硫电池正极材料的研究进展.