分配问题的多角度分析

从数理逻辑、整数规划和博弈论三方面对分配问题进行分析,介绍不同的数学分支在分配问题中的应用.     

High performance of N,P co-doped metal-free carbon catalyst derived from ionic liquid for oxygen reduction reaction

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - One-pot strategy to fabricate N, P co-doping carbon was developed based on the functional ionic liquid (IL) as the N, P, and C precursors. The IL featuring...     

Eigenspace-based minimum variance beamformer combined with Wiener postfilter for medical ultrasound imaging

In this paper, a new beamformer which combines the eigenspace-based minimum variance (ESBMV) beamformer with the Wiener postfilter is proposed for medical ultrasound imaging. The primary goal of this work is to further improve the medical ultrasound imaging quality on the basis of the ESBMV beamformer. In this method, we optimize the ESBMV weights with a Wiener postfilter. With the optimization of the Wiener postfilter, the output power of the new beamformer becomes closer to the actual signal power at the imaging point than the ESBMV beamformer. Different from the ordinary Wiener postfilter, the output signal and noise power needed in calculating the Wiener postfilter are estimated respectively by the orthogonal signal subspace and noise subspace constructed from the eigenstructure of the sample covariance matrix.We demonstrate the performance of the new beamformer when resolving point scatterers and cyst phantom using both simulated data and experimental data and compare it with the delay-and-sum (DAS), the minimum variance (MV) and the ESBMV beamformer. We use the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and the peak-side-lobe level (PSL) to quantify the performance of imaging resolution and the contrast ratio (CR) to quantify the performance of imaging contrast. The FWHM of the new beamformer is only 15%, 50% and 50% of those of the DAS, MV and ESBMV beamformer, while the PSL is 127.2 dB, 115 dB and 60 dB lower. What is more, an improvement of 239.8%, 232.5% and 32.9% in CR using simulated data and an improvement of 814%, 1410.7% and 86.7% in CR using experimental data are achieved compared to the DAS, MV and ESBMV beamformer respectively. In addition, the effect of the sound speed error is investigated by artificially overestimating the speed used in calculating the propagation delay and the results show that the new beamformer provides better robustness against the sound speed errors. Therefore, the proposed beamformer offers a better performance than the DAS, MV and ESBMV beamformer, showing its potential in medical ultrasound imaging.     

Polymerizable Molecular Silsesquioxane Cage Armored Hybrid Microcapsules with In Situ Shell Functionalization

We prepared core–shell polymer–silsesquioxane hybrid microcapsules from cage‐like methacryloxypropyl silsesquioxanes (CMSQs) and styrene (St). The presence of CMSQ can moderately reduce the interfacial tension between St and water and help to emulsify the monomer prior to polymerization. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and TEM analysis demonstrated that uniform core–shell latex particles were achieved. The polymer latex particles were subsequently transformed into well‐defined hollow nanospheres by removing the polystyrene (PS) core with 1:1 ethanol/cyclohexane. High‐resolution TEM and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis showed that the final nanospheres possessed hollow cavities and had porous shells; the pore size was approximately 2–3 nm. The nanospheres exhibited large surface areas (up to 486 m² g^?1) and preferential adsorption, and they demonstrated the highest reported methylene blue adsorption capacity (95.1 mg g^?1). Moreover, the uniform distribution of the methacryloyl moiety on the hollow nanospheres endowed them with more potential properties. These results could provide a new benchmark for preparing hollow microspheres by a facile one‐step template‐free method for various applications.     

带凹性生产成本运输问题的新随机规划模型及其求解

提出了一种新的能反映决策者满意度的随机变量序关系,并据此研究了随机不等式的确定性等价类,方法被称为满意度方法.最后将其应用于带凹性生产成本运输问题的求解中,并将方法与常用的机会约束方法进行比较,说明满意度法不仅合理可行,而且当决策者对约束条件的要求越高时,它所得最优值越优于机会约束法所得最优值.     

Excellent electrochemical performance of nitrogen-enriched hierarchical porous carbon electrodes prepared using nano-CaCO3 as template

Recently, tremendous research efforts have been concentrated on developing high-performance electrode materials to meet the ever-increasing energy and power demands in supercapacitors. Herein, we presented a high-capacity supercapacitor material based on nitrogen-enriched hierarchical porous carbons (NHPCs) synthesized by the carbonization of melamine formaldehyde resins using eco-friendly and inexpensive nano-CaCO₃ as template. The effects of carbonization temperature and template content on the porous structure and electrochemical characteristics were compared and discussed in detail. The prepared NHPCs possessed large surface area up to 834 m² g^?1 and high nitrogen content up to 20.94 wt %. As electrode material for supercapacitors, NHPCs exhibited superior electrochemical performances with high specific capacitance (190 F g^?1 at 20 A g^?1), outstanding rate capability (80 %), and excellent cycling stability (over 2,000 cycles at 5 A g^?1) in 1 M sulfuric acid media. The excellent electrochemical performances are due to the synergic effects of unique hierarchical porous microstructure, abundant nitrogen and oxygen functionalities, as well as high degree of graphitization framework.     

Asymmetric Synthesis of Novel Axially Chiral 2,2'-Bipyridine N,N'-Dioxides Bearing α-Amino Acid Residues and Their Applications in Enantioselective Allylation of Aromatic Aldehydes with Allyltrichlorosilane

A series of novel axially chiral 2,2′‐bipyridine N,N′‐dioxides bearing C₁ or C₂‐symmetry have been synthesized by the use of enantiopure α‐amino acids as chiral sources. The absolute stereochemistry of the axial chirality of these organocatalysts has been clearly assigned by means of CD measurements together with literature protocols. The reactivities and enantioselectivities of these organocatalysts have been examined in the reactions of aromatic aldehydes with allyltrichlorosilane, thus providing the desired products with moderate yields and enantioselectivies.     

磷在氧化锆-碳纳米管复合材料上的吸附研究

采用水热合成法成功制备了氧化锆-碳纳米管复合材料,并研究了对磷的吸附行为。表征结果表明,碳纳米管经氧化锆修饰后仍具备介孔结构;氧化锆粒子可均匀分散在碳纳米管表面。吸附实验结果表明,氧化锆粒子的粒径越小,氧化锆对磷的标化平衡吸附量越高,吸附速率越快。磷在氧化锆-碳纳米管复合材料上的吸附等温线符合Freundlich等温吸附模式,属于优先吸附,吸附动力学可用拟二级动力学模型描述。降低离子强度和溶液pH可促进磷的吸附,共存离子对磷吸附具有抑制作用,影响顺序依次为F->NO3-≈SO42-,其中F-影响最大,NO3-和SO42-次之。     

Pt负载钙钛石催化剂上氧空位对CO氧化的促进作用

采用柠檬酸法制备了LaMnO₃、LaFeO₃、La_0.5Sr_0.5MnO₃、La_0.5Sr_0.5FeO₃,通过负载纳米Pt合成了Pt负载钙钛石催化剂,XRD与IR数据表明合成的催化剂具有钙钛石相,TEM数据表明合成的纳米Pt粒径为~3 nm,均匀分散在钙钛石上。在CO氧化反应中,发现钙钛石的氧化-还原性能是影响其活性的重要因素,因而,Mn系钙钛石表现出较高的CO氧化活性。负载纳米Pt后,Fe系钙钛石则显示出更优异的CO氧化活性,CO完全转化的温度从350 ℃降至120 ℃。吸附实验表明钙钛石上氧空位对促进O₂的吸附起着非常重要的作用,也是影响CO低温氧化的重要因素之一。