大孔Mo-Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂的催化裂化柴油加氢性能研究

采用三次纳米自组装合成法,制备了一种以二次纳米自组装Al2O3为主体的大孔主客体催化剂FA-40,具有0.78 cm3·g-1的孔容、114 m2·g-1的比表面积、27 nm的平均孔径、6.0 nm和40 nm的双峰孔结构、孔分布在10~100 nm高度集中、低堆积密度为0.56 g·cm-3、活性金属含量高达35.70%。XRD和TEM分析结果显示,活性金属以直径小于2 nm的微晶态纳米粒子形式均匀分散于主体表面。采用劣质催化裂化柴油进行20 h加氢实验评价,反应趋于稳定时,FA-40的脱硫、脱氮及芳烃饱和率分别达到94.4%、95.5%和67.9%,与F-5相比分别提高了20%、80%和140%。300 h的长周期加氢实验表明,FA-40具有良好的加氢性能。     

Colorimetric detection of glucose using a boronic acid derivative receptor attached to unmodifed AuNPs简

A simple, cheap and non-enzymatic colorimetric strategy for glucose detection has been designed based on the interactions between a phenylboronic acid （PBA） derivative, which is coupled with gold nanoparticles （AuNPs） as the colorimetric reporters, and glucose. The PBA-AuNPs hybrid system proposed here exhibits ordered photochemistry behaviors upon the addition of glucose at different pH values. There are two linear regions of glucose concentration for the glucose sensor at different pH values, i.e., between 0.1 mmol/L and 9.8 mmol/L at pH 6 with the detection limit of 64μmol/L and between 0 and 6.5 mmol/L with the detection limit of 48 μmol/L at pH 9, respectively. To test the practicality of the sensor system, we also applied this assay to detect a glucose sample in the artificial saliva.     

碳纤维基能源器件研究和应用进展

半个多世纪以来,碳纤维及碳纤维增强复合材料因其优异的力学性能、比强度、比模量、轻质、导电性以及热/化学稳定性,逐渐成为航空航天、建筑、运输、生物医用、体育用品以及电子电气等诸多应用领域一类非常重要的高性能结构材料。近二十多年来,得益于纳米材料与技术以及高效可再生能源器件的迅速发展,力学性能突出的碳纤维(包括工业化碳纤维、碳纤维织物、碳纳米纤维以及碳纳米管纤维等)凭借高的导电性、电化学特性、多孔以及表面可修饰性等优点,开始作为良好的电极材料应用于多种电化学能源器件与光电转换能源器件中,并得到了广泛的研究。本文首次综述了碳纤维基能源器件的研究进展,从认识碳纤维的发展历史与应用出发,介绍了碳纤维的表面功能化与电极制备的相关基础知识,重点综述了当前国内外碳纤维能源器件的发展概况,详细介绍了碳纤维作为功能电极材料在燃料电池、微生物燃料电池、锂离子电池、电化学电容器以及太阳能电池等领域的研究和发展概况。最后,通过分析当前碳纤维能源器件研究领域的现状,对该领域在材料制备工艺、电极设计、器件性能优化与器件集成技术等方面面临的挑战和未来研究方向进行了预测和探讨。     

基于反应性两嵌段共聚物的刺激响应性有机/无机杂化囊泡的制备及性能研究

采用ATRP法制备了结构明确的两亲性嵌段共聚物聚[甲基丙烯酸(N,N-二甲氨基)乙酯-b-甲基丙烯酸(3-(三甲氧基硅基))丙酯],其在甲醇/水的混合溶液中自组装形成囊泡结构,并通过甲基丙烯酸[3-(三甲氧基硅基)]丙酯链段中三甲氧基硅基的水解交联,形成了稳定的共聚物囊泡结构。用光散射、SEM和TEM对囊泡的结构进行了表征。所得共聚物囊泡粒子具有温度和pH双重响应性,通过简单调控温度或pH值来实现囊泡粒子的溶解与沉淀收集,可用于蛋白质等的分离与纯化。     

Preparation and characterization of Ti0.7Sn0.3O2 as catalyst support for oxygen reduction reaction

Sn-doped TiO_2 nanoparticles with high surface area of 125.7 m~2·g~(-1) are synthesized via a simple one-step hydrothermai method and explored as the cathode catalyst support for proton exchange membrane fuel cells.The synthesized support materials are studied by X-ray diffraction analysis,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy.It is found that the conductivity has been greatly improved by the addition of 30 mol%Sn and Pt nanoparticles are well dispersed on Ti_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)O_2 support with an average size of 2.44 run.Electrochemical studies show that the Ti_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)O_2 nanoparticles have excellent electrochemical stability under a high potential compared to Vulcan XC-72.The as-synthesized Pt/Ti_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)O_2 exhibits high and stable electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction.The Pt/Ti_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)O_2 catalyst reserves most of its electrochemically active surface area(ECA),and its half wave potential difference is 11 mV,which is lower than that of Pt/XC-72(36 mV) under 10 h potential hold at 1.4 V vs.NHE.In addition,the ECA degradation of Pt/Ti_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)O_2is 1.9 times lower than commercial Pt/XC-72 under 500 potential cycles between 0.6 V and 1.2 V vs.NHE.Therefore,the as synthesized Pt/Ti_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)O_2 can be considered as a promising alternative cathode,catalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cells.     

Au_(5~25)Pd团簇结构与性质的理论研究

用basin-hopping算法结合密度泛函PBE方法系统搜索了Au5~25Pd团簇的全局稳定结构,并对团簇几何结构,稳定性,Fermi能级,化学硬度和前线轨道进行了分析。计算结果表明,Au5Pd,Au7Pd和Au11Pd团簇为平面结构,其他团簇均为立体结构,与相同原子数纯金团簇结构类似。所有团簇中,Pd原子均位于配位数较高位置。团簇平均结合能随金原子数增大而逐渐增大,并有收敛到某点的趋势。偶数金原子团簇较相邻的奇数金原子团簇稳定。团簇的Fermi能级随团簇增大呈奇偶振荡,偶数金原子团簇的Fermi能级较相邻奇数金原子团簇的低,与金团簇Fermi能级变化类似。Au7Pd,Au12Pd,Au16Pd和Au18Pd团簇化学活性较高。Au5~19Pd团簇中Pd原子优先与CO,烯烃,炔烃等分子形成配位键。CO等小分子仍然吸附到Au20~25Pd团簇的顶点或面中心的金原子。     

同系物季铵盐离子液体阳离子的离子交换色谱法分析

建立了离子交换色谱-直接电导检测法分离测定3种同系物季铵盐离子液体阳离子(四甲基铵、四乙基铵和四丙基铵阳离子)的方法。采用磺酸型阳离子交换色谱柱,以乙二胺-柠檬酸-乙腈为淋洗液,考察了淋洗液种类、浓度及色谱柱温度对3种阳离子保留的影响。并根据测定对象不同,调整乙二胺浓度及乙腈含量以改善分离效果。淋洗液中增加乙腈含量,可明显缩短四丙基铵阳离子的保留时间,并改善其色谱峰形。季铵阳离子同系物的保留符合碳数规律。优化的色谱条件为:流速1.0 mL/min,色谱柱温度40℃;以0.02 mmol/L乙二胺-0.12 mmol/L柠檬酸(pH 4.0)为淋洗液分离测定四甲基铵;以0.2 mmol/L乙二胺-0.4 mmol/L柠檬酸-1%乙腈(pH 4.0)为淋洗液分离测定四乙基铵和四丙基铵。所测阳离子的检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.015,0.22,1.88 mg/L,相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于2.3%。将方法应用于表面活性剂和实验室合成的离子液体的分析,加标回收率为99%~104%。本方法简单、准确、可靠,具有良好的实用性。     

核-壳结构TiO_2@Pt复合纳米颗粒修饰的葡萄糖生物传感器

制备了核-壳结构的TiO2@Pt复合纳米颗粒,并修饰于恒电位沉积的普鲁士蓝-壳聚糖(PB-CS)杂化膜表面,以固定葡萄糖氧化酶。由于TiO2@Pt复合纳米颗粒的引入显著增大了传感器的导电性和酶的固载量,同时CS的掺杂,防止了PB的泄露,使得传感器对葡萄糖具有较好的催化作用。该传感器在1.2×10-6~1.1×10-3mol·L-1范围内,响应电流与葡萄糖浓度呈良好的线性,相关系数(r)为0.998 6,检出限(S/N=3)达到4.0×10-7mol·L-1,灵敏度为13.31 mA·mol·L-1·cm-2。对0.3 mmol·L-1的葡萄糖标准溶液连续检测5次,其相对标准偏差为3.8%。     

高效液相色谱/荧光检测法测定纺织品中7种阴离子荧光增白剂

建立了纺织品中MST,ABP,VBL,4BK,CBS,CXT和WG 7种阴离子荧光增白剂(FWAs)的前处理方法以及高效液相色谱荧光检测(HPLC/FLD)方法。样品经水-甲醇(25∶75)提取后直接由HPLC/FLD进行定性定量分析。采用Phenomenex Gemini 5u C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱进行分离,以乙腈-2.5mmol/L醋酸铵溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱。7种阴离子FWAs的相关系数均不小于0.999 6,定量下限(LOQs,S/N=10)为0.1~5.0 mg/kg。不同添加水平下,阴性棉织品和毛织品中7种阴离子FWAs的回收率为89.5%~98.9%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为2.4%~4.7%。该方法简单、灵敏度高、分析时间短,具有一定实际应用价值。     

3-Oxodapagliflozin as a Potent and Highly Selective SGLT2 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Structural modifications of 3-OH in the glucose moiety of dapagliflozin（1）, an approved potent sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2（SGLT2） inhibitor, led to 3-oxodapagliflozin（16）, a highly potent and more selective SGLT2 inhibitor[IC50（hSGLT1）/IC50（hSGLT2）=2851 for compound 16 vs. 843 for compound 1]. 3-Oxodapagliflozin（16） exhibited in vitro（IC50=1.0nmol/L against hSGLT2 for compound 16 vs. 1.3 nmol/L for compound 1） and in vivo activities comparable to those of dapagliflozin（1）. The bioactivities of 3-oxodapagliflozin （16） warrant its further evaluation as a promising SGLT2 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.