直接光谱法水体COD检测多场景优化方法

提出一种多场景优化的光谱分类建模解算方法:首先,通过颗粒物Mie散射仿真分析,构建幂函数修正方程,以直接拟合法对样本光谱进行精确浊度校正;然后,利用吸光度归一化法获取不同场景的线性特征光谱,形成场景特征库;使用偏最小二乘法(PLS)为每个场景建立解算模型,形成化学需氧量(COD)解算模型库.对未知水样本进行COD检测时,先通过杰卡德(Jaccard)相似性理论将其归一化光谱与场景库线性特征谱进行匹配,识别其归属场景,再获取解算库中的最优解算参数来计算COD浓度.实验结果表明,所提方法可获得较高的场景匹配精度,有效降低多场景条件下的COD解算误差,具备良好的实用价值.     

基于修正Linde模型的复材层板的损伤模拟

基于连续损伤力学方法,建立含初始损伤的三维复合材料层合板的有限元模型.采用Linde等提出的应变失效准则,并引入参数对损伤函数进行修正,模拟层合板的纤维和基体的失效行为.参数的改变可以描述损伤变量随应变的变化程度.数值模拟表明,计算结果随着参数的变化幅度较大,在试验值的±15%范围内变动.本文引入的参数一方面可以拓宽Linde材料损伤判据的适用范围,另一方面在适用范围内可以达到更为精确的数值模拟结果,为后续的结构分析打下基础.     

Elastic and thermodynamic properties of vanadium nitride under pressure and the effect of metallic bonding on its hardness

By the particle-swarm optimization method, it is predicted that tetragonal P42mc, 141md, and orthorhombic Amm2 phases of vanadium nitride （VN） are energetically more stable than NaCl-type structure at 0 K. The enthalpies of the predicted three new VN phases, along with WC, NaC1, AsNi, CsCl type structures, are calculated each as a function of pressure. It is found that VN exhibits the WC-to-CsCl type phase transition at 256 GPa. For the considered seven crystal- lographic VN phases, the structures, elastic constants, bulk moduli, shear moduli, and Debye temperatures are investigated. Our calculated equilibrium structural parameters are in very good agreement with the available experimental results and the previous theoretical results for the NaC1 phase. The Debye temperatures of VN predicted three novel phases, which are all higher than those of the remaining structures. The elastic constants, thermodynamic properties, and elastic anisotropies of VN under pressure are obtained and the mechanical stabilities are analyzed in detail based on the mechanical stability criteria. Moreover, the effect of metallic bonding on the hardness of VN is also investigated, which shows that VNs in P42mc, 141md, and Amm2 phases are potential superhard phases. Further investigation on the experimental level is highly recommended to confirm our calculations presented in this paper.     

Dynamics of rotator chain with dissipative boundary

We study the deternfinistic dynanfics of rotator chain with purely mechanical driving on the boundary by stability analysis and numerical sinmlation. Globally synchronous rotation, clustered synchronous rotation, and split synchronous rotation states are identified. In particular, we find that the single-peaked wariance distribution of angular momenta is the consequence of the deterministic dynamics. As a result, the operational definition of temperature used in the previous studies on rotator chain should be revisited.     

精确延时控制爆破振动的实验研究

为了探讨电子雷管在降低爆破振动和改善岩石破碎效果方面的作用机理,基于地震波传播过程中的能量变化,给出了孔间毫秒延时时间的计算公式。根据目前国内露天矿生产实际,设计并开展了模型实验。实验结果表明,合理的孔间延时控制能够降低爆破振动。在本文的模型实验中,12 ms延时间隔下爆破振动瞬时能量最大值分别是2、7和9 ms延时间隔下爆破振动瞬时能量最大值的19%、25%和36%,4和12 ms延时间隔下爆破振动速度峰值最大值是其他延时间隔下爆破振动速度峰值最大值的50%左右。提出的计算公式在实际工程中获得了良好的应用效果,同时验证了该计算公式的可行性。     

基于以太网机群的海量高光谱数据处理系统平台设计

在一些大型图像处理系统中,通过构建服务器机群网络,可实现多台服务器并行处理图像数据流。针对高光谱遥感数据及处理算法特点,设计了基于以太网的服务器机群海量高光谱数据处理系统平台,平台由7台服务器和1台千兆网交换机构组成,其中选择CPU核数不低于8核的4台HP刀片服务器作为并行处理服务器,在服务器机群软件设计中,通过任务分解、算法流水化处理及网络负载均衡等方法来实现并行处理。该系统已应用在某遥感数据处理系统中,多台服务器同时写入SAN盘阵,可实现6 000 Mbps的写入能力。     

应用主动作物冠层传感器对马铃薯氮素营养诊断

氮肥的充足供应是马铃薯高产的重要条件,然而氮肥的过量投入会导致资源浪费、环境污染,因此,氮素精准管理势在必行,而实时的氮素营养诊断是实现马铃薯合理氮素养分管理的前提。本研究通过在内蒙古武川县和林西县进行的田间试验,采用主动作物冠层传感器GreenSeeker对马铃薯各生育时期进行实时监测,建立了传感器读数NDVI值与地上部植株氮浓度以及整株吸氮量的关系。研究表明,由于受到土壤背景的影响,苗期NDVI值与马铃薯氮营养指标相关性较差。苗期以后,马铃薯在封垄前NDVI值与植株吸氮量呈显著的指数关系(R2=0.665),封垄后NDVI值与地上部植株氮浓度呈显著的线性关系(R2=0.699),且不受地域以及生育时期的影响。结果表明,主动作物冠层传感器GreenSeeker能够用于马铃薯氮素营养诊断,该结果为进一步建立应用主动作物冠层传感器的氮肥管理提供了理论依据。     

Nonlinear progressive damage model for composite laminates used for low-velocity impact

In order to effectively describe the progressively intralaminar and interlam- inar damage for composite laminates, a three dimensional progressive damage model for composite laminates to be used for low-velocity impact is presented. Being applied to three-dimensional （3D） solid elements and cohesive elements, the nonlinear damage model can be used to analyze the dynamic performance of composite structure and its failure be- havior. For the intralaminar damage, as a function of the energy release rate, the damage model in an exponential function can describe progressive development of the damage. For the interlaminar damage, the damage evolution is described by the framework of the continuum mechanics through cohesive elements. Coding the user subroutine VUMAT of the finite element software ABAQUS/Explicit, the model is applied to an example, i.e., carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite laminates under low-velocity impact. It is shown that the prediction of damage and deformation agrees well with the experimental results.     

Comparative study on the power scaling performance of three different coherent polarization beam combination system structures

Coherent polarization beam combination (CPBC) is a new kind of coherent beam combination configuration with high combining efficiency and excellent beam quality. In order to extend the CPBC system to a large scale, we provide a comparative study on the power scaling performance of three different coherent polarization beam combination system structures. It is found that the pairwise structure has high tolerance to aberrations and has the potential to extend to a large scale with high combining efficiency. In consideration of all the aberrations, the combining efficiency of the pairwise structure can be attained as high as 90% when the combined beams are more than 200. Some instructive suggestions are given to extend the CPBC system to a large scale.     

Thermodynamics Properties of Oxymatrine in NaCl Solution

The enthalpies of dissolution of oxymatrine in 0.9%NaCl solution were measured using a RD496-2000 Calvet Microcalorimeter at 309.65 K under atmospheric pressure. The differen-tial enthalpy and molar enthalpy of oxymatrine dissolution in the 0.9%NaCl solution of were determined. The corresponding kinetic equation that described the dissolution process was elucidated. Moreover, the half-life, molar entropy, molar enthaply, and Gibbs free energy of the dissolution process were also obtained.