全文获取类型
收费全文 | 18028篇 |
免费 | 1580篇 |
国内免费 | 1203篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 10020篇 |
晶体学 | 308篇 |
力学 | 1290篇 |
综合类 | 82篇 |
数学 | 1958篇 |
物理学 | 7153篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 206篇 |
2022年 | 289篇 |
2021年 | 384篇 |
2020年 | 400篇 |
2019年 | 418篇 |
2018年 | 366篇 |
2017年 | 322篇 |
2016年 | 549篇 |
2015年 | 464篇 |
2014年 | 739篇 |
2013年 | 1004篇 |
2012年 | 1298篇 |
2011年 | 1460篇 |
2010年 | 1079篇 |
2009年 | 1058篇 |
2008年 | 1169篇 |
2007年 | 1016篇 |
2006年 | 958篇 |
2005年 | 836篇 |
2004年 | 687篇 |
2003年 | 603篇 |
2002年 | 573篇 |
2001年 | 722篇 |
2000年 | 592篇 |
1999年 | 442篇 |
1998年 | 371篇 |
1997年 | 321篇 |
1996年 | 326篇 |
1995年 | 251篇 |
1994年 | 261篇 |
1993年 | 182篇 |
1992年 | 208篇 |
1991年 | 195篇 |
1990年 | 162篇 |
1989年 | 143篇 |
1988年 | 94篇 |
1987年 | 60篇 |
1986年 | 69篇 |
1985年 | 66篇 |
1984年 | 51篇 |
1983年 | 39篇 |
1982年 | 44篇 |
1981年 | 38篇 |
1980年 | 33篇 |
1979年 | 23篇 |
1978年 | 33篇 |
1977年 | 26篇 |
1976年 | 25篇 |
1975年 | 24篇 |
1974年 | 25篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
131.
Iron oxide catalyst with spinel structure used for dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene is one kind of important catalyst in petrochemical industry. In this work several series of industrial catalyst were prepared with different components and different manufacturing processes. Mössbauer Spectroscopy has been used to determine the optimal components and the better manufacturing process for spinel structure formation. The results may prove useful for producing the industrial dehydrogenation catalyst with better catalytic property. 相似文献
132.
Organically modified solid-state silicates (ORMOSILS) doped with a new laser dye 1,3,5,7,8-pentamethylpyrromethene-2,6-disulfonate-BF2 complex (pyrromethene 556) have been synthesized by a sol-gel method and the compositional effects on pore characteristics, fluorescence and lasing properties have been investigated. It is found that the use of dimethylsulfoxide and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane could greatly change the structure properties of sol-gel derived ORMOSILS cage, and thus the fluorescence and lasing properties of the materials could improve significantly. A successful laser oscillation from this dye-doped ORMOSILS sample has been achieved upon pumping with a Q-switched frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm. A slope efficiency of 54% with a useful lifetime greater than 10,000 shots has been demonstrated at a pump repetition rate of 1 Hz and a pump intensity of 1 J/cm2 by using the new ORMOSILS cage on our newly designed laser system. Our results have shown that it is possible to obtain a high-efficiency with a long-lifetime for a compact new laser device by low cost dye-doped solid-state ORMOSILS. 相似文献
133.
Wei Zhou Ruonong Fu Rongji Dai Zaifu Huang Yanfei Chen 《Journal of separation science》1994,17(10):719-722
A new kind of side chain liquid crystalline polysiloxane containing a crown ether with a longer spacer (PSC-11) has been prepared and coated on a fused silica capillary column. The main chroma-tographic characteristics including efficiency, polarity, and selectivity have been examined. The phase exhibits the retention properties of both liquid crystal and crown ether stationary phases and possesses higher efficiency and better selectivity than PSC-3, which has a shorter spacer between the main polysiloxane chain and liquid crystalline side chain. 相似文献
134.
This paper reports a combined experimental and numerical investigation of three-dimensional steady turbulent flows in inlet manifolds of square cross-section. Predictions and measurements of the flows were carried out using computational fluid dynamics and laser Doppler anemometry techniques respectively. The flow structure was characterized in detail and the effects of flow split ratio and inlet flow rate were studied. These were found to cause significant variations in the size and shape of recirculation regions in the branches, and in the turbulence levels. It was then found that there is a significant difference between the flow rates through different branches. The performance of the code was assessed through a comparison between predictions and measurements. The comparison demonstrates that all important features of the flow are well represented by the predictions. 相似文献
135.
谢家麟 庄杰佳 黄永章 张令翊 林绍波 赵春农 李立华 吴钢 王钢 李承泽 傅恩生 苏憬 钟元元 王言山 李永贵 应润杰 杨学平 李有猛 韩斌 吴庆武 张玉珍 潘卫民 王建伟 张黎文 郭康柱 畅祥云 李亚南 戴立盛 徐金强 陆辉华 汪伯嗣 任廉重 田瑞生 《中国物理 C》1994,18(8):763-768
北京自由电子激光(BFEL)装置于1993年底在10.68μm处实现了饱和振荡.输出激光能量为3mJ,饱和平顶宽度2μs.对应饱和振荡平均功率为210kW(宏脉冲),峰值功率约为20MW,比自发辐射高8个量级,单程小讯号净增益为24%,转换效率为0.45%,与理论预期结果相符.光束质量接近衍射极限.目前装置可工作于9-11μm. 相似文献
136.
利用内径为57 mm的压缩气炮,在撞击速度为0.2~1.2 km/s(相应的靶中压力为3~15 GPa)范围内进行对称碰撞实验,以研究TC4(Ti-Al6-V4)钛合金在一维应变冲击压缩条件下的绝热剪切现象。对回收得到的受冲击样品,在扫描电镜(SEM)下进行细观金相分析。结果指出,一维应变冲击压缩条件下,TC4钛合金中绝热剪切带产生的对称碰撞速度阈值为500 m/s(相当于样品中的压力为5.87 GPa);主剪切带与冲击方向约为45°角,带上有圆形和椭圆形两种孔洞且随碰撞速度的增大而增多和长大,这是典型的韧性损伤特征。随碰撞速度增大,产生与主剪切带成15°角的支剪切带。这些与理论预言相符。X射线能谱分析结果指出,剪切带内材料发生了(α+β)→β相的转变,是典型的相变带。剪切带的温度估算与实验提供的信息吻合。 相似文献
137.
In this paper, according to the molecular fragment principle, a series of eight ternary luminescent lanthanide complex systems were assembled, and whose compositions were determined with elemental analysis and infrared spectrum: Ln(MA)3(L)·H2O, where Ln = Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy; HMA = α‐methylacrylic acid; L = 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen), 2,2′‐bipyridine (bipy). The photophysical properties of these functional molecular systems were studied with ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectrum, and fluorescence excitation and emission spectrum. It was found that the heterocylic compounds (phen and bipy) act as the main energy donor and luminescence sensitizer for their suitable energy match and effective energy transfer to the emission energy level of Ln3+ ions. MMA ligand was only used as the terminal structural ligand to influence the luminescence. Especially terbium complex systems show the strongest luminescence for the optimum energy match and transfer between phen (bipy) and Tb3+ ion. 相似文献
138.
Invex-convexlike functions and duality 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
P. Q. Khanh 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》1995,87(1):141-165
We define a class of invex-convexlike functions, which contains all convex, pseudoconvex, invex, and convexlike functions, and prove that the Kuhn-Tucker sufficient optimality condition and the Wolfe duality hold for problems involving such functions. Applications in control theory are given.The author is grateful to Professor W. Stadler and the referees for many valuable remarks and suggestions, which have enabled him to improve considerably the paper. 相似文献
139.
140.
We introduce the concept of partially strictly monotone functions and apply it to construct a class of nonlinear penalty functions for a constrained optimization problem. This class of nonlinear penalty functions includes some (nonlinear) penalty functions currently used in the literature as special cases. Assuming that the perturbation function is lower semi-continuous, we prove that the sequence of optimal values of nonlinear penalty problems converges to that of the original constrained optimization problem. First-order and second-order necessary optimality conditions of nonlinear penalty problems are derived by converting the optimality of penalty problems into that of a smooth constrained vector optimization problem. This approach allows for a concise derivation of optimality conditions of nonlinear penalty problems. Finally, we prove that each limit point of the second-order stationary points of the nonlinear penalty problems is a second-order stationary point of the original constrained optimization problem. 相似文献