聚(γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸)-b-聚(γ-十二烷基-L-谷氨酸)二嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

合成一种分子量分布窄、两嵌段侧链不同的新型聚(γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸)和聚(γ-十二烷基-L-谷氨酸)的二嵌段聚肽(poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate)-b-poly(γ-dodecyl-L-glutamate),PBLG-b-PDLG),并研究该嵌段聚肽的分子结构、热性能及液晶性.PBLG-b-PDLG的合成是利用N-羧酸内酸酐(N-carbonyl anhydride,NCA)法,以正己胺为引发剂,在0℃的条件下的氯仿溶液中,先将γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸NCA开环聚合获得了末端带胺基的活性PBLG-NH2沉淀后,再以其为引发剂加入γ-十二烷基-L-谷氨酸的NCA继续反应.氢核磁共振波谱(1H-NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)用于表征两嵌段的摩尔比、分子量及其分布,发现嵌段聚肽的分子量分布只有1.07～1.09.由红外光谱(IR)的分析得知PBLG-b-PDLG的二次结构为刚直棒状的α-螺旋结构.利用示差扫描量热分析法(DSC)考察材料的热性质,发现不同组成的PBLG-b-PDLG有不同的热行为,而在100℃附近都出现了微弱的热致相转变.采用偏光显微镜观察PBLG-b-PDLG磁场取向膜的相变行为中发现其相结构不同于一般无规共聚物所呈现的胆甾液晶结构,同时用在PBLG-b-PDLG的二氯乙烷溶致液晶溶液中观察到一般近晶相所呈现的扇形织构.     

3,8-二噻吩和3,8-二甲基噻吩-1,10-菲啰啉的锰(Ⅱ)和钴(Ⅱ)配合物的晶体结构、顺反异构及取代基效应研究(英文)

本文报道了1个基于3,8-二噻吩-1,10-菲啰啉(dtphen)的双核锰(Ⅱ)配合物1[trans-Mn2Cl4(dtphen)2]和2个基于3,8-二甲基噻吩-1,10-菲啰啉(dmtphen)的单核锰(Ⅱ)和单核钴(Ⅱ)配合物2和3(分子式分别为[cis-MnCl2(dmtphen)2]和[cis-CoCl2(dmtphen)2])的合成、波谱和晶体结构表征。其中,2个锰(Ⅱ)配合物的分子结构呈现不同的配位模式,由于噻吩环上甲基引入所产生的位阻效应,导致单核配合物2和3中,两配体中的噻吩环相对于1,10-菲啰啉环呈现相同的反式/反式分子构型,其二面角分布在14.1(1)°~51.5(1)°。而对于双核配合物1,由于没有甲基位阻的影响,其相应芳环之间二面角减少至2.0(1)°~20.2(1)°,且配体呈现顺式/反式分子构型。     

cis-[Ni(NCS)_2tren]的镜面对称性破缺: 螯环的特殊手性构象

为了探究cis-[Ni(NCS)2tren][tren:三(2-氨基乙基)胺]的手性来源,本文采用单晶X射线衍射、溶液紫外-可见-近红外(UV-Vis-NIR)光谱、固体紫外圆二色(CD)光谱和粉末X射线衍射(XRD)等对cis-[Ni(NCS)2tren]的一对手性晶体进行了表征.研究结果表明:该手性晶体由结晶过程中的镜面对称性破缺而形成;三角架型配体tren配位后的特殊手性构象(δδλ,λλδ)是cis-[Ni(NCS)2tren]的主要手性来源.络合物固体紫外CD谱所呈现的Cotton效应可能来自其螯环手性构象以及手性金属中心对NCS-配体的π-π*跃迁和荷移跃迁生色团的手性微扰.对20批次合成产物进行固体CD检测的统计结果表明:它们的对映体过量(ee)值在39%-100%之间.     

行驶汽车环境中的话音活动检测研究

话音活动检测是语音交互和通信系统的重要部分,其作用是区分输入信号中的语音段和背景噪声段,检测的依据主要是语音和噪声的各种时频特性,其中,浊语音的周期性和谐波特性是一种广泛应用的特征。但是在行驶的汽车环境中,由于噪声非平稳且信噪比较低,这类特征较难得到可靠的检测。为此,本文根据浊音谐波结构的基本规律,利用时变噪声环境中各频带信噪比不同的特点,提出一种较为鲁棒的谐波快速检测算法。算法以较小的时频块为分析单元,利用一组基频在对数尺度上变化的谐波模板,自适应地搜索谐波结构清晰的部分,并以此检测浊语音信号。实验证明,该算法能够在行驶的汽车环境中达到较可靠的话音/非话音区别效果。     

“海洋结构与装备的关键基础科学问题”研讨会学术综述

简要介绍了“海洋结构与装备的关键基础科学问题” 研讨会的基本情况,对邀请报告分类进行了学术综述,对专家们的自由发言和集中研讨形成的研究对象及前瞻性关键科学问题进行了归纳总结.      

最小方差无失真响应感知倒谱系数在说话人识别中的应用

研究最小方差无失真响应感知倒谱系数在说话人识别中的应用。提取最小方差无失真响应感知倒谱系数,对其进行高斯混合模型建模并采用联合因子分析的方法来拟合高斯混合模型中的说话人和信道差异,在美国国家标准技术研究院2008年说话人识别评测核心测试集上分别对最小方差无失真响应感知倒谱系数和传统的Mel频率倒谱系数进行测试。结果显示,两种不同特征的系统性能相当,采用线性融合方法后,在不同测试集上的等错误率相对下降了7.6%~30.5%,最小检测错误代价相对下降了3.2%~21.2%。实验表明,最小方差无失真响应感知倒谱系数能有效应用于说话人识别中,且与传统的Mel频率倒谱系数存在一定程度的互补性。      

Optics for the lattice of the compact storage ring for a Compton X-ray source

We present two types of optics for the lattice of a compact storage ring for a Compton X-ray source. The optics design for different operation modes of the storage ring are discussed in detail. For the pulse mode optics, an IBS-suppression scheme is applied to optimize the optics for lower IBS emittance growth rate; as for the steady mode, the method to control momentum compact factor is adopted [Gladkikh P, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 8, 050702] to obtain stability of the electron beam.     

Design of an MeV ultra-fast electron diffraction experiment at Tsinghua university

Time-resolved MeV ultra-fast electron diffraction (UED) is a powerful tool for structure dynamics studies. In this paper, we present a design of a MeV UED facility based on a photocathode RF gun at Tsinghua University. Electron beam qualities are optimized with numerical simulations, indicating that resolutions of 250 fs and 0.01 , and bunch charge exceeding 105 electrons are expected with technically achievable machine parameters. Status of experiment preparation is also presented.     

TW Laser system for Thomson scattering X-ray light source at Tsinghua University

A TW (Tera Watt) laser system based on Ti:sapphire mainly for the Tsinghua Thomson scattering X-ray light source (TTX) is being built. Both UV (ultraviolet) laser pulse for driving the photocathode radiofrequency (RF) gun and the IR (infrared) laser pulse as the electron-beam-scattered-light are provided by the system. Efforts have also been made in laser pulse shaping and laser beam transport to optimize the high-brightness electron beam production by the photocathode RF gun.     

A simulation study of Tsinghua Thomson scattering X-ray source

Thomson scattering X-ray sources are compact and affordable facilities that produce short duration, high brightness X-ray pulses enabling new experimental capacities in ultra-fast science studies, and also medical and industrial applications. Such a facility has been built at the Accelerator Laboratory of Tsinghua University, and upgrade is in progress. In this paper, we present a proposed layout of the upgrade with design parameters by simulation, aiming at high X-ray pulses flux and brightness, and also enabling advanced dynamics studies and applications of the electron beam. Design and construction status of main subsystems are also presented.