内蒙古草原植被最大光能利用率取值优化研究

针对目前CASA (carnegie-ames-stanford approach)模型等植被生产力模型植被最大光能利用率的取值未对草原进行区分的问题,以内蒙古草甸草原、典型草原和荒漠草原为研究对象,结合野外实测NPP(net primary productivity)数据和CASA模型的建模思路优化了三大草原类型植被最大光能利用率,并以此为基础模拟分析了其植被光能利用率和NPP时空格局。结果表明,基于99个地面采样点所建立的一元二次方程模拟的草甸草原、典型草原和荒漠草原最大光能利用率分别为0.654,0.553和0.511 gC·MJ-1,平均为0.573 gC·MJ-1。与未对草原类型进行区分而统一取值为0.541 gC·MJ-1的结果相比,实测NPP与模拟NPP之间的决定系数和和均方根误差分别提高了0.024和2.62 gC·(m2·month-1)-1。受水热组合和草原类型的空间格局的影响,内蒙古草原植被光能利用率和NPP总体上由东北向西南逐渐下降趋势,呈明显的单峰季节变化特征。但光能利用率和NPP的最大值出现的月份有所不同,分别出现在8月份和7月份,这可能与植被吸收的光合有效辐射和光能利用率的最高值出现的月份不同有关。光能利用率和NPP平均值按草甸草原>典型草原>荒漠草原的顺序依次降低。     

利用霍尔元件测量金属丝的弹性模量

将霍尔元件应用于拉伸法测弹性模量实验,直接测量了微小位移.结果表明,霍尔元件在均匀梯度磁场中霍尔电压与微小位移有良好线性关系,采用拟合法计算得到钢丝弹性模量为1.96×1011 Pa.     

Effect of NaCl doped into Bphen layer on the performance of tandem organic light-emitting diodes

To improve the performance of tandem organic light-emitting diodes （OLEDs）, we study the novel NaCl as n-type dopant in Bphen：NaCl layer. By analyzing their relevant energy levels and cartier transporting characteristics, we discuss the mechanisms of the effective charge generation layer （CGL） of Bphen：NaCl （6 wt%）/MoO3. In addition, we use the Bphen：NaC1 （20 wt%） layer as the electron injection layer （ELL） combining the CGL to further improve the performance of tandem device. For this tandem device, the maximal current efficiency of 9.32 cd/A and the maximal power efficiency of 1.93 lm/W are obtained, which are enhanced approximately by 2.1 and 1.1 times compared with those of the single- emissive-unit device respectively. We attribute this improvement to the increase of electron injection ability by introducing of Bphen：NaCl layer. Moreover, the CGL is almost completely transparent in the visible light region, which is also important to achieve an efficient tandem OLEDs.     

First-Principles Study of Intrinsic Point Defects of Monolayer GeS

The properties of six kinds of intrinsic point defects in monolayer GeS are systematically investigated using the“transfer to real state”model,based on density functional theory.We find that Ge vacancy is the dominant intrinsic acceptor defect,due to its shallow acceptor transition energy level and lowest formation energy,which is primarily responsible for the intrinsic p-type conductivity of monolayer GeS,and effectively explains the native p-type conductivity of GeS observed in experiment.The shallow acceptor transition level derives from the local structural distortion induced by Coulomb repulsion between the charged vacancy center and its surrounding anions.Furthermore,with respect to growth conditions,Ge vacancies will be compensated by fewer n-type intrinsic defects under Ge-poor growth conditions.Our results have established the physical origin of the intrinsic p-type conductivity in monolayer GeS,as well as expanding the understanding of defect properties in lowdimensional semiconductor materials.     

微分方程非线性边值问题的单调迭代方法

讨论了一类微分方程的非线性边值问题,通过引入两个单调函数和的形式,并借助耦合上下解的方法给出了一类微分方程边值问题的广义单调迭代方法.     

褐煤颗粒表面官能团的分布特征

采用原位傅里叶红外光谱漫反射测试了北皂褐煤在粒度为40—60目、60—80目、80—100目、100—160目和160目—0.1mm的官能团分布特征,对比分析了不同粒度范围内的红外测试谱图。结果表明,粒度在40—60目以后,官能团区域可识别的特征吸收峰基本一致,可识别的官能团主要是醇羟基、多元醇及缔合羟基,甲基亚甲基,不饱和醛、脂肪烃链式饱和羧酸盐、烯烃,以及苯环取代;在160目—0.1mm的粒度范围内,指纹区验证更加准确,谱图峰型峰位以及峰面积更加准确,能够满足定量分析的要求。研究成果对研究煤不同粒度的宏观特性以及红外特征的定性分析具有重要的指导作用。     

Rotational symmetry of classical orbits, arbitrary quantization of angular momentum and the role of the gauge field in two-dimensional space

We study quantum–classical correspondence in terms of the coherent wave functions of a charged particle in two- dimensional central-scalar potentials as well as the gauge field of a magnetic flux in the sense that the probability clouds of wave functions are well localized on classical orbits. For both closed and open classical orbits, the non-integer angular-momentum quantization with the level space of angular momentum being greater or less than is determined uniquely by the same rotational symmetry of classical orbits and probability clouds of coherent wave functions, which is not necessarily 2π-periodic. The gauge potential of a magnetic flux impenetrable to the particle cannot change the quantization rule but is able to shift the spectrum of canonical angular momentum by a flux-dependent value, which results in a common topological phase for all wave functions in the given model. The well-known quantum mechanical anyon model becomes a special case of the arbitrary quantization, where the classical orbits are 2π-periodic.     

焊管的残余应力测试与研究

通过小孔法与分割法对φ272mm螺旋埋弧焊管和φ380mm对接焊管的残余应力测试,分析探讨了螺旋焊缝、环焊缝以及焊缝热影响区的残余应力分布。研究结果表明,不同工艺焊接成型的圆管,其焊缝纵向均匀为拉应力分布,焊缝横向均为压应力分布,焊缝热影响区的残余应力分布各异。     

微量滴定热量计的建立和混合表面活性剂囊泡形成的研究

结合LKB-2107微量安瓶热量计和改进的Thermometric微量滴定热量计, 建立一台具有1和3 mL容积的微量滴定热量计, 并用仪器的基线噪声、基线的稳定性、能当量的测量和能量与电压(V)-时间(t)积分面积的线性关系考察了热量计灵敏度和测量精度. 分别用蔗糖的稀释热和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的胶束生成热检验仪器的可靠 性. 测定了SDS和双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵(DDAB)的相互作用能, 并用量热结果讨论其相行为. 从量热实验得到, SDS与DDAB胶束的相互作用焓为?29.53 kJ/mol, SDS与DDAB反应生成盐的反应焓为?125.8 kJ/mol, 混合囊泡生成焓为41.23 kJ/mol, 囊泡再转化为富SDS胶束的焓变为32.10 kJ/mol.     

不饱和醛选择性加氢高效催化剂的研究

不饱和醛的选择性加氢作为一类重要的精细化学品加工转化过程,在香精香料、药物食品生产、农产品加工等领域具有广泛应用。但是目前所应用催化剂的反应活性仍有待提高,需对催化剂进行进一步调控。本文总结了提高催化剂加氢选择性的三种策略,包括：改变金属活性位点的电子性质、增强金属活性位点与亲电位点之间的协同作用和利用结构效应来改变催化剂对于C=O键或C=C键的吸附能力和加氢活性。概括了氢源种类、反应溶剂、反应温度和氢气压力等反应条件对催化性能的影响。并归纳了不饱和醛选择性加氢有关的密度泛函理论计算、反应的动力学模型及反应中的构效关系。最后,讨论了不饱和醛选择性加氢催化剂面临的问题和挑战,并提出了可行的解决方案。