激光拉曼光谱法分析乙烯裂解气

研究建立了乙烯裂解气中6种主要组分H_2,CH_4,C_2H_4,C_2H_6,C_3H_6,C_3H_8的混合气体激光拉曼(Raman)分析法,可将分析时间缩短至约2 min,且无载气、色谱柱等消耗,在加快分析反馈的同时大大降低了仪器维护及使用费用。该方法采用指纹峰浓度曲线,通过筛选计量峰、扣除信号大于3倍信噪比(3 S/N)交叉干扰的修正方式,实现了混合气中6种目标组分的定量分析。在混合气体定量分析中,Raman分析法对H_2,C_2H_4,C_3H_6,C_3H_8的定量分析具有较好的测量精度,均小于2%;但对CH_4及C_2H_6的测量精度有待提高,表明所建立的Raman分析法需进一步优化完善。     

两个基于4-(1H-1,2,4-三氮唑)苯甲酸的4d-4f异核配位聚合物的合成、结构及荧光性质

以4-(1H-1,2,4-三氮唑)苯甲酸(Htbc)为配体,采用水热法合成了两种新型4d-4f配位聚合物{[EuAg(tbc)₃(H₂O)]ClO₄·H₂O}_n(1)和{[Eu₂Ag₃(tbc)₆(NO₃)₂(H₂O)₂](ClO₄)₂·2H₂O}_n(2)。运用X射线单晶衍射法对该配位聚合物进行了结构测定,并对其进行了元素分析、红外光谱、PXRD及荧光光谱表征。单晶结构表明,配位聚合物1为正交晶系,空间群P2₁2₁2₁,由一维三股螺旋链(其中2股右手螺旋和1股左手螺旋)通过Ag将其连成二维平面。配位聚合物2属于三斜晶系,空间群为P1,由内消旋一维两股螺旋链通过Ag将其连成二维平面。配位聚合物1和2的二维链结构均通过非共价键作用形成三维超分子, 同时也表征了配位聚合物1和2的荧光性质。     

Enhanced Correlation of Electron-Positron Pair in Two and Three Dimensions

Early time electron-positron correlation in vacuum pair-production in an external field is investigated. The entangled electron and positron wave functions are obtained analytically in the configuration and momentum spaces. It is shown that, relative to that of the one-dimensional theory, two- and three-dimensional calculations yield enhanced spatial correlation and broadened momentum spectra. In fact, at early times the electron and positron almost coincide spatially. The correlation also depends on the direction of the applied field. For the spatial correlation, the transverse correlation is stronger than the longitudinal correlation.     

Realization of Fast All-Microwave Controlled-Z Gates with a Tunable Coupler

The development of high-fidelity two-qubit quantum gates is essential for digital quantum computing. Here,we propose and realize an all-microwave parametric controlled-Z(CZ) gates by coupling strength modulation in a superconducting Transmon qubit system with tunable couplers. After optimizing the design of the tunable coupler together with the control pulse numerically, we experimentally realized a 100 ns CZ gate with high fidelity of 99.38%±0.34% and the control error being 0.1%. We note that ...     

Broadband and high efficiency terahertz metasurfaces for anomalous refraction and vortex beam generation

The applications of metasurfaces are currently a highly active research field due to their extraordinary ability to manipulate electromagnetic waves. The ultra-thin characteristics of metasurfaces allow the miniaturization and integration of metasurface devices. However, these devices work typically under a low efficiency and narrow bandwidth condition. In this work, we design eight multilayered unit cells with similar amplitudes and a phase interval of π/4, which convert the polarization states of the terahertz (THz) waves between two orthogonal directions. The average cross-polarized transmission amplitudes of these cells are all around 0.9 in an ultra-broad frequency range from 0.5 THz to 1.4 THz. Furthermore, unit cells are used to construct both an ultra-thin anomalous refraction metalens and a vortex phase plate. Our simulation results show that the anomalous refraction for the transmitted linear polarization component is comparable to the theoretical prediction, and the maximum error is determined to be below 4.8%. The vortex phase plate can also generate an ideal terahertz vortex beam with a mode purity of 90% and more. The distributions of longitudinal electric field, intensity, and phase illustrate that the generated vortex beam has excellent propagation characteristics and a weak divergence. Simulations of the two types of metasurface devices, based on the eight unit cells, exhibit very high efficiencies in a wide bandwidth. Our research will assist in the improvement in the practical applications of metasurfaces. It also provides a reference for the design of high efficiency and broadband devices that are applied to other frequency ranges.     

基于应力及能量条件的岩芯饼化机理研究

为研究煤矿中岩芯饼化现象的产生机理,结合开滦矿区赵各庄矿地应力测量过程中的岩芯饼化现象,构建了力学模型;基于拉应力条件和能量理论分别给出了煤矿中饼化现象产生的判据,并结合地应力实测结果,采用理论计算和数值模拟方法对饼化判据进行了验证。研究结果表明:利用空心包体地应力测定方法测定地应力时,岩芯顶部所受摩擦力逐渐减小,在被应力解除的岩芯根部合成出一个指向顶部方向逐渐增大的拉应力,当该拉应力大于岩芯本身抗拉强度时,会出现饼化现象,随着套筒的继续解除,此过程将重复地发生下去;从能量角度来判断,赵各庄矿岩芯饼化现象属于岩芯积聚弹性能的周期性释放,当岩芯集聚的弹性能大于生成饼化岩芯所需能量时,即具备了饼化发生的能量条件,其发生次数由弹性余能来控制,表现为套筒平均每钻进22.1 mm,岩芯将生成一段岩饼。理论验证结果表明,力学模型中岩芯集聚的弹性能足以支持饼化现象发生24次,饼化岩芯的平均厚度为20.8 mm,与实际观测结果基本相符;模拟验证结果表明,套筒每钻进20 mm时,在被应力解除的岩芯根部形成饼状破裂,破裂过程随着套筒的持续钻进而重复发生。     

小麦发育后期茎秆抗倒伏问题研究

围绕小麦抗倒伏问题,综合运用数据预处理、相关性分析、数据拟合、数理方程、微分方程等方法,根据已有的抗倒伏模型,进行了模型修正,运用修正的模型,计算了六种小麦的倒伏指数,计算结果与试验结论基本吻合,并从生活常识的角度对模型的合理性进行论证,在对小麦茎秆性状相关性分析中,讨论了小麦最优性状特征,得出不同穗重下的最优株型结构,在考虑麦穗自重的前提下,进行力矩分析,运用最小势能原理进行理论推导,建立茎秆抗倒伏数理方程模型,并从数值计算和图形分析两个方面对模型的合理性进行了论证.     

“右旋糖酐-磁性层状复合氢氧化物-氟尿嘧啶”给药系统的超分子组装表征与急毒性水平

用"前体共沉淀-离子交换插层-原位复合-溶剂转换"技术合成"右旋糖酐-磁性层状复合氢氧化物-氟尿嘧啶"(DET-MLDH-FU,DMF)运载系统,通过XRD,IR,TEM,TG表征及体外释放实验研究了DMF的物相特征与缓释性能,通过对小鼠灌胃和腹腔注射给药考察了DMF与载体MLDH的急毒性水平.结果表明,DMF等超分子的XRD与R-六方LDH衍射特征相符,是Fe3.6Fe0.9(O,OH,Cl)9型LDH及微量Fe3O4的复合晶相,DMF具有DET,MLDH与FU分级组装形成的核壳式构造.体外pH 7.35 PBS溶出介质中,DMF的药物释放遵守零级模型C-1.162×10-5=4.566×10-7t,速率常数4.566×10-7 mol-1?L?m-1.DMF,MLDH-FU及MLDH可经正常代谢排出体外,口服毒性小;腹腔注射DMF的LD50为2542.8 mg?kg-1,MLDH的LD50为1951.0 mg?kg-1,均属低毒性物质.DET的复合组装对Fe(II,III)LDH构架有抗氧化保护作用,对不同MLDH-FU粒子进行选择、分离与包封,提高MLDH-FU的缓释效果、强化MLDH的控释性能,降低给药系统DMF的急毒性水平.     

测量1 MA/100 ns脉冲大电流的微分环

强光一号加速器能输出上升沿约100 ns、幅值约2 MA的电流脉冲。实验中通常采用自积分式Rogowski线圈监测负载电流。为与该线圈比对校验,研制了一种快响应、结构简单、抗电磁干扰性能较好的微分环。标定实验给出,微分环测量的响应时间约1.2 ns,频谱响应范围10 kHz~100 MHz,灵敏度为6.1310-11(Vs)/A。其快时间响应将有助于监测与负载物理特性有关的瞬态电流变化。在加速器二极管短路状态对微分环和积分式Rogowski线圈进行了实验比对,数值积分给出的电流波形与后者基本相符,峰值偏差小于10%,表明微分环的设计合理,同时校验了电流测量的可信度。      

利用新构建势能面3A研究S(3P)+H2→HS+H反应含时波包量子散射

利用高精度从头算能量点构建三重态³A' 势能面. 单点能计算采用的方法是完全活性空间自洽场和多组态相互作用,计算中所用的基组是aug-cc-pV5Z,并利用多体展开方法结合AP函数形式对所有能量点进行了拟合. 在新构建的势能面基础上,在平动能0.8～2.2 eV进行了含时波包散射计算,计算中同时采用了离心突然近似和紧耦合方法. 另外还对初始振动态ν=0～3(j=0)情况下的总反应几率进行了计算,结果发现初始振动激发对该体系有很大的增强作用.