低碳经济下环境NGO参与企业碳减排的演化博弈分析

针对我国经济可持续发展中不可回避的碳排放问题,构建了企业碳减排过程中企业、政府和环境NGO的三方演化博弈模型及其动态复制方程,解出了该模型的10个均衡点并对均衡点的局部稳定性进行了分析,最后运用Matlab工具对企业、政府和环境NGO的交互行为演化过程进行数值仿真,分析各参数变动对系统演化结果的影响,探究影响系统演化至理想状态的影响因素及其影响机理。研究结果表明:影响企业是否采取低碳生产方式的主要影响因素是企业低碳生产所需付出的成本;政府是否调控主要取决于政府对企业的罚款和政府的调控成本;环境NGO是否监督主要取决于政府和公众对其的资助与监督成本的大小。     

改进的盲解卷积技术在远距离激光光斑图像复原中的应用

为了提高外场实验中远距离测量激光光斑位置的精度,提出利用盲解卷积技术对光斑图像进行事后复原来削弱大气湍流对光斑成像的影响。首先,介绍了经典盲解卷积算法,分析了其不足之处,并提出了一种改进的盲解卷积算法。为了提高目标函数的收敛性和收敛速度,在TV(Total Variation)目标函数加入惩罚项,并对交替迭代法进行改进。然后,用数学方法证明了改进的盲解卷积算法的收敛性。最后,进行了仿真实验。与传统算法相比,用改进算法恢复的图像信噪比至少提升了15%。文中给出了外场试验图像的实际复原效果。     

大气压氩气介质阻挡放电特性的一维粒子仿真

介质阻挡放电(DBD)是产生低温等离子体的一种常见放电方式。本文建立了大气压下氩气DBD的一维PIC/MCC模型,采用了粒子自适应权重(APM)以及基于OpenMPI的并行计算策略,考虑了带电粒子在介质板上的积累以及复合反应。本文针对频率500 kHz,幅值电压3 kV正弦电压激励下放电的时空演化特性进行仿真研究,得到了其汤森放电、辉光放电等阶段中的放电特征,研究了电压幅值、气隙间距、介质板介电常数等参数对放电特性的影响。     

基于扇束双投影方向的改进迭代层析成像算法

提出一种适用于气体扩散分布重建的改进代数迭代算法.针对投影射线扇束构型及双投影方向,在算法迭代步骤中引入先验矩阵,对迭代结果间隔性地进行中值滤波.以高斯烟羽模型为测试对象,分析迭代次数、松弛因子及不同滤波器使用策略对重建结果的影响,结果表明:迭代次数为500次,松弛因子为2时,均方误差、峰值相对误差基本收敛,并将波峰控制在一定范围内.改进代数迭代算法的均方误差、峰值相对误差重建指标优于传统代数迭代重建算法;同时,改进后算法能够准确定位波峰,完成尾峰重建,具有较强的抗噪性.     

高分辨率Czerny-Turner光谱仪光学系统设计

为了克服光栅光谱仪分辨率低、像差较大、体积大的缺点,根据光谱仪工作原理和几何光学像差理论,设计了一种光谱范围为350~450nm的Czerny-Turner光谱仪光学系统.计算了光学系统各光学元件的特征参量和系统结构参量.运用光学设计软件Zemax对系统进行光线追迹与优化设计,并对设计结果进行分析.理论和实验结果均表明,该系统在350~450nm光谱范围内分辨率小于0.1nm,系统体积约为105×105×20mm3,整个光学系统具有结构简单、体积小、分辨率高、稳定性好等优点.     

O~(2+)离子穿过碳膜引起的前后表面电子发射

测量了入射能为1.9~11.3 keV/u的O~(2+)离子穿过碳膜诱导的前向、后向(分别对应出射表面和入射表面)电子发射产额。实验中,通过改变入射离子的能量和流强,系统地研究了电子能损和离子束流强度对前向、后向电子发射产额的影响。结果表明,在本实验的能量范围内,前向、后向电子发射产额与对应表面的电子能损有近似的正比关系,而与束流强度无关。分析还发现引起后向电子发射的动能阈值约为0.2 keV/u,势能电子发射产额约为1 e~-/ion。     

Measurement of 129Xe frequency shift due to Cs–129Xe collisions

Enhancement factor K0, which characterizes NMR and EPR frequency shifts for Cs-129Xe, is measured for the first time. The enhancement factor r-o was measured to be （702±41） at 80 ℃ and （653±20） at 90 ℃, using the NMR frequency shift, detected by atomic magnetometer at a low magnetic field of 100 nT. This result is useful for predicting the EPR frequency shifts for Cs and the NMR frequency shifts for 129Xe in spin-exchange cells.     

Band-stop optical nanofilters with split-ring resonators based on metal–insulator–metal structure

Novel band-stop filters with circular split-ring resonators based on the metal–insulator–metal(MIM) structure are presented, with their transmission properties of SPPs propagating through the filter simulated by the finite-difference timedomain(FDTD) method. The variation of the gap of the split ring can affect the transmission characteristics, i.e., the transmission spectrum of SPPs exhibiting a shift, which is useful for modulating the filter. Linear and nonlinear media are used in the resonator respectively. By varying the refractive index of the linear medium, the transmission properties can be changed obviously, and the effect caused by changing the incident intensity with a nonlinear medium is similar.Several resonant modes that are applicable can be enhanced by changing the position of the gap of the split ring. Thus, the transmission properties can be modulated by adjusting the size of the gap, varying the refractive index, and changing the incident intensity of the input light. These methods may play significant roles in applications of optical integrated circuits and nanostructural devices.     

A pressure calibration method for a portable wide-access ＂panoramic＂ cell

A simple and convenient pressure calibration method is developed for a newly designed portable wide-access ＇panoramic＇ cell. This cell is adapted to angle-dispersive-mode high-pressure in situ neutron diffraction of reactor neutron sources. This pressure calibration method has established a relationship between the cell pressure and the anvil displace- ment （gasket compression） based on the fixed-point calibration technique. By employing TiZr gasket with a thickness of 3 mm and WC anvil with a culet of 4 mm diameter, the average anvil displacements are 1.31 mm and 2.22 mm for Bi phase transitions （2.55 GPa and 7.7 GPa）, and 1.85 mm for Ba phase transitions （5.5 GPa）, respectively. In this pressure range, the pressure increases quickly with decreasing gasket thickness, and undergoes a linear increase with the anvil displacement. By extrapolating the calibration curve, the cell pressure will achieve 10 GPa when the anvil displacement is around 2.5 ram.     

钽掺杂氧化钨薄膜电致变色性能

为改善氧化钨电致变色薄膜的电化学循环稳定性,采用磁控溅射方法制备了钽掺杂的氧化钨电致变色薄膜。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、光谱椭偏仪(SE)、紫外-可见分光光度计、电化学工作站对薄膜的微观结构、光谱调制能力、着色效率、循环稳定性进行了表征和分析,研究了钽掺杂对氧化钨薄膜结构及电致变色性能的影响。结果表明,适量掺杂可以调节薄膜的微观结构,使薄膜中的裂纹减少,表面更为均匀;但当掺杂过度时,薄膜太过致密,甚至出现表面颗粒团聚凸起的现象,影响了薄膜的多孔性和均匀性,阻碍了离子在薄膜中的迁移和扩散;相对于未掺杂的氧化钨薄膜,适量钽掺杂的薄膜具有更宽的光谱调制范围和更高的着色效率,亦表现出良好的循环稳定性。