Warm–dry collocation of recent drought in southwestern China tied to moisture transport and climate warming

This study aims to investigate the recent drought in southwestern China and its association with environmental changes in moisture transport(MT) and atmospheric circulation. Climatic Research Unit grid data, in situ observations in China,and ERA-interim reanalysis are used to study the characteristics of the drought and the associated mechanism. Recent precipitation trends show a pattern of "Northern wetting and Southern drying", similar to the anti-phase of the climate pattern prevailing during 1980–2000 in mainland China; southwestern China incurred a severe drought during 2009–2013.Wavelet analysis reveals that the drought coincides with a warm–dry phase of temperature and precipitation on a period of about 20 years and beyond 100 years, where contributions account for 43% and 57% of the deficiency of the precipitation,averaged for 2003–2012, respectively. A further investigation reveals that the drought results chiefly from the decline of the southwestern monsoon MT toward southwestern China, in addition to mid-latitude circulation changes, which leads to more blockings near the Ural Mountains and the Sea of Okhotsk in the rainy season and negative anomalies around Lake Baikal and northeast China in the dry season. These anomalies are likely to be correlated with global sea surface temperature changes and need to be studied further.     

La_2O_2S∶Mn~(2+)荧光粉的微波合成及其荧光特性

目前普遍使用的彩色电视用红色荧光粉是Y2O2S∶Eu3 。因其色纯度高,色彩不失真,亮度-电流饱和特性好等优异的性能,一直为人们所关注,并对其进行了许多研究[1￣4]。但Y2O2S∶E u3 价格较贵。为了满足市场对红粉的需求日益增长的趋势,有必要研究、开发价廉质优的其他稀土硫氧化物荧光材料。最近,宋春燕等[5]报道了橙红色发光材料La2O2S∶Eu3 的合成及其余辉现象。这些硫氧化物荧光粉均采用高温固相反应——硫熔法合成,主要原料为稀土氧化物、N a2CO3和硫磺。与高温固相合成法相比,微波辐射加热法不仅耗时短,而且合成条件简单,荧光粉粒度…     

钛酸盐红色长余辉陶瓷的制备与表征

以高温熔融法制备了钛酸盐为基质的红色长余辉陶瓷,研究氧化物及稀土氧化物改变对陶瓷发光性能的影响,用荧光光谱仪及X射线衍射仪对所制备的陶瓷试样进行表征.结果表明:添加适当的氧化物可获得均匀的玻璃并显著改善陶瓷的发光性能,共掺杂稀土离子不改变Ca0.8Zn0.2TiO3:Pr3+的发光机制.其发射峰为位于617 nm的窄带峰,对应于Pr3+的1D2→3H4的跃迁发射.添加的氧化物及稀土氧化物不改变基质的晶格,主晶相为CaTiO3.     

一维纳米结构材料制备方法的研究进展

本文综述了一维纳米结构材料的制备方法,总结了一维纳米材料的最新研究成果及发展趋势。参考文献80篇。     

La2O2S∶Mn2+荧光粉的微波合成及其荧光特性

Using La₂(SO₄)3 and the active carbon powder as reactants, La₂O₂S∶Mn²⁺ red phosphor was synthesized by microwave radiation method. The phosphor was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser-diffraction size analyzer and fluorospectrophotometer. The XRD analysis showed that the phosphor was pure phase La₂O₂S. The phosphor of La₂O₂S∶Mn²⁺ showed hexagonal crystal structure with diverse shapes, such as spherical and rod, with average particle size of 10.22 μm. The emission and excitation spectra of the phosphor were determined by fluorospectrophotometer and the results showed that the excitation spectrum of the phosphor under 600 nm emission wavelength was excitation bands between 250 nm and 350 nm with a peak value of 303 nm. Then ,when exicited under UV 303 nm, the phosphor showed broad band emission of 550~700 nm with a peak at 607 nm. In addition, the optimal effects were obtained for the phosphor preparation when the concentration of the activator Mn²⁺ was x_Mn=0.01, the ratio of C and O (n_C / n_O) in the reactants was 0.6∶1, and the time of reaction was about 1 h. La₂O₂S∶Mn²⁺ has strong absorption of UV spectrum and can emit bright red light.     

溶剂热法制备Bi2S3纳米材料

0引言纳米材料具有特殊的结构和性能,可广泛应用于化学、物理学、电子学、光学、机械和生物医药学等领域[1￣5]。其中一维或准一维纳米结构体系或纳米材料的研究既是研究其它低维材料的基础,又与纳米电子器件及微型传感器密切相关,是近年来国内外研究的前沿[6￣9]。近年来,人们虽然做了许多尝试来制备一维纳米结构材料,但合成这类材料特别是合成半导体一维纳米材料仍然是一个巨大的挑战。随着维数的减小,半导体材料的电子能态发生变化,其光、电、声、磁等方面性能与常规体材料相比有着显著的不同[10￣12]。Bi2S3是一种重要的半导体材料,受…     

外强迫作用下正压大气非线性特征数值模拟

在两种边界条件下用正压大气非线性位势涡度方程模拟了强迫、耗散和非线性共同作用下大气运动的若干特征.在南北两端为齐次边界条件时，单纯的热力强迫下只出现了波状定常解；在只有经向加热和波状地形共同强迫下出现了在两种基本流型之间振荡的准周期解，十分类似于旋转地球上大气运动的纬向和经向流型之间的准周期循环，前者对应于强的西风环流，后者对应于弱西风流型.在周期边界条件下，弱的下垫面加热导致定常解，较强的加热强迫可以得到周期解.尽管下垫面的波状地形也能强迫一个类似的准周期振荡，但弱西风流型是对称的，不像大气中的弱西风流型.因此，在周期边界条件下用低阶截谱模式求出的解析或数值解，不一定适合描述中高纬度大气的非线性动力特征. 关键词： 正压大气 热力强迫 地形起伏 周期解 准周期振荡     

小波抽样与气象要素场插值

首先用6种插值方法对一个带限与非带限一维信号分别进行等距插值计算检验.6种方法是基于Shannon抽样定理的插值法、两种基于小波抽样的插值法、三次样条插值法、三次卷积插值法和快速Fourier变换插值法.结果显示小波和三次样条插值法最好,其中小波插值误差的局域性最好.最差的是快速Fourier变换法.其次,剔除快速Fourier变换插值法,将其它5种插值公式推广到二维的情形,对大气层中层500hPa高度场、海平面气压场和降水量场也进行了插值计算.误差分析表明对于降水量场三次样条小波插值最好,对高度场和海平面气压场三次样条插值法仍然是最好的.在此基础上,提出了既保证降水量场插值精度又能避免插出"负降水"的插值处理方法并进行了计算检验.最后指出了小波插值法有待改进的问题.     

Numerical solution of Helmholtz equation of barotropic atmosphere using wavelets

The numerical solution of the Helmholtz equation for barotropic atmosphere is estimated by use of the wavelet-Galerkin method. The solution involves the decomposition of a circulant matrix consisting up of 2-term connection coefficients of wavelet scaling functions. Three matrix decompositions, i.e. fast Fourier transformation (FFT), Jacobian and QR decomposition methods, are tested numerically. The Jacobian method has the smallest matrix-reconstruction error with the best orthogonality while the FFT method causes the biggest errors. Numerical result reveals that the numerical solution of the equation is very sensitive to the decomposition methods, and the QR and Jacobian decomposition methods, whose errors are of the order of 10^{-3}, much smaller than that with the FFT method, are more suitable to the numerical solution of the equation. With the two methods the solutions are also proved to have much higher accuracy than the iteration solution with the finite difference approximation. In addition, the wavelet numerical method is very useful for the solution of a climate model in low resolution. The solution accuracy of the equation may significantly increase with the order of Daubechies wavelet.