高剪切率的Couette流下液氩流体热导率的分子动力学模拟

基于平衡分子动力学(EMD)模拟方法,对Lees-Edwards周期性边界条件作一修正并成功地应用其形成具有高恒定剪切率的Couette流动,最后通过Green-Kubo公式计算得到了剪切流下液氩流体的热导率。计算结果,表明在剪切流下液氩流体的热导率仍然表现为各向同性,同时还发现流动方向的热导率不随流动剪切率的增加而发生变化,并且该值跟静态下液氩的热导率(λ=0.132 Wm~(-1)K~(-1))基本一致。     

宇宙演化与热寂说

在已成熟的宇宙演化理论的基础上,文章作者重新讨论了Clausius提出的热寂问题.宇宙演化指其组分和宏观面貌的变化.主要是微观结团和宏观结团.从物理原理上讲,这些结团过程是力学的,而不是热力学的.力学过程一定程度上破坏了原有的热平衡,热力学则倾向于恢复热平衡.所有已知的物理规律,包括热力学在内,都在宇宙演化中起着它应起的作用.作为后果,宇宙的熵在演化中一直是增加的.克劳修斯把热力学第二定律用于宇宙是正确的.可是他认为宇宙的熵会极大化并不正确.这是因为在演化过程中会出现组分粒子的退耦.     

Oscillatory disturbance in force calibration of optical tweezers

In the calibration of the optical trap stiffness, it is found that there appears an attenuating oscillation as an oscillatory disturbance added to the trapped bead movement, when the scanner is driven by a triangular wave input.An equivalent oscillator model is put forward to explain the mechanism of the oscillatory disturbance. Both the measurements and calculations show that the attenuating oscillation comes from the oscillation of the scanner and the triangular wave drive causes this additional oscillation of the scanner. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the oscillatory disturbance will become stronger, when the stiffness of the trap increases or the natural frequency of the scanner decreases. We adopt another driving way, i.e. a sinusoidal wave input is used instead of the triangular wave input. Our experiment has verified that in this case the oscillatory disturbance is eliminated completely.     

“恒成立”问题的一种错解分析

本刊2002年22期《再解“恒成立”问题》一文介绍了以下一种求解“恒成立问题”的方法,笔者认为存在逻辑推理方面的错误。为了便于说明,将原文中的解法摘录如下。     

诸葛亮巧借东风—浅析伽利略航天轨道计划中的引力助推效应

本文扼要介绍了伽利略航天轨道计划，并以浅显的力学原理计算出伽利略探测器从地球飞向木星所需的初始速度。文中详细分析了伽利略探测器两次近飞地球的过程，揭示了引力助推效应在星际飞行中节省能量和控制航向的重大意义。     

诸葛亮巧借东风——浅析伽利略航天轨道计划中的引力助推效应

本文扼要介绍了伽利略航天轨道计划，并以浅显的力学原理计算出伽利略探测器从地球飞向木星所需的初始速度．文中详细分析了伽利略探测器两次近飞地球的过程．揭示了引力助推效应在星际飞行中节省能量和控制航向的重大意义     

一种光学平台的力学稳定性分析

光学平台稳定性使用要求很高，结构形式复杂，使用环境苛刻，受不同类型载荷作用，对结构设计和加工工艺的要求非常严格。介绍了利用ANSYS结构分析软件对该光学平台在不同的简化结构条件下的计算机数值模拟结果，为其工程研制提供了理论依据。     

高电离态Ti原子光谱的测量

在加速器上利用束箔光谱方法,测量了Ti离子的高电离态光谱.     

Mechanical Properties of Breast Cancer Cell Membrane Studied with Optical Tweezers

Membrane tethers are extracted from breast cancer cells using a force generated by an optical trap. It is experimentally obtained that the radius of tether is about 0.1μm and the static tether force is about 8.5 pN. Calculations based on the experimental measurements give a bending modulus for the tether of 1.35 x 10^-19 N.m and a surface membrane tension of 6.76 x 10^-6 N/m in the breast cancer cell. The treatment with cytochalasin D results in the decreasing bending modulus and decreasing apparent surface tension. When the membrane protein caveolin is over-expressed, similar cases occur in bending modulus and apparent surface tension. In addition, the viscous resistance coefficient of the membrane is calculated to be 1.15pN.s/μm according to the dynamic tether forces obtained under different pulling velocities.