基于基液连续假设的大体系Cu-H2O纳米流体输运特性的模拟研究

分子动力学模拟是研究纳米流体的输运特性的重要手段, 但计算量庞大. 为研究能体现流动传热过程的大体系纳米流体的输运特性, 本文对基液采用连续介质假设, 将基液的势能拟合在纳米团簇的势能中, 大幅度减小了计算量, 使得大体系输运特性的模拟成为可能, 且模拟结果与多组实验结果吻合较好. 采用此方法模拟研究了速度梯度剪切对Cu-H₂O纳米流体颗粒聚集过程和聚集特性的影响, 进而对Cu-H₂O纳米流体在流动传热过程中的热导率和黏度进行了模拟计算, 定量揭示了宏观流动传热过程中不同的速度梯度、速度、平均温度和温度梯度对于Cu-H₂O纳米流体热导率和黏度的影响.     

稠密气体中的输运现象和方位势氩的粘滞率和热导率

建议用推广的恩斯柯克方程(14),讨论稠密气体中的输运现象。指出空间关联函数Y(r)可以从状态方程的维里展开求得。文中给出了计算方位势稠密气体的粘滞率和热导率的公式以及计算关联函数的方法。用得到的结果,计算了温度为173K和348K的氩的粘滞率和温度为183K和348K的氩的热导率。在高密度区,计算结果与实验测定的符合程度,较之现有理论,有明显的改进。 关键词：     

绝热搅拌槽内流体平均剪切速率的一种计算方法

基于流体流动的剪切速率与能量耗散率、以及能量散率与流体温升速率的关系,提出了根据搅拌过程中流体温升速率计算绝热搅拌槽内流体平均剪切速率的方法,并会对一个实验室用的小型高速搅拌系统,建立了流体平均剪切速率与流体黏度及搅拌转速关系的经验模型。本方法确定的是全槽流体的平均剪切速率,其应用不受叶轮类型的限制,可用于湍流搅拌,弥补了Metzner-Otto方法的若干不足。对于控温搅拌槽,可先在绝热条件下确定平均剪切速率与搅拌转速、流体流变性参数及体积的关系。     

氩晶体薄膜法向热导率的分子动力学模拟

结合卫星“微型核”的特点，研究电介质薄膜中的导热机理以及薄膜厚度对导热系数的影响.以结构较为简单、具有可靠势能函数，实验数据较为丰富和可靠的氩的(fcc)晶体为模型,采用平衡分子动力学方法(EMD)和各向异性非平衡分子动力学方法(NEMD)计算了氩晶体及其法向薄膜的热导率,并与实验结果进行比较.模拟结果表明，氩晶体纳米薄膜的热导率显著小于对应大体积晶体的实验值，具有明显的尺寸效应.在氩薄膜厚度为2.124—5.310nm的模拟范围内,薄膜的法向热导率随着薄膜厚度的增加而呈近似线性增加. 关键词： 热导率 纳米薄膜 尺寸效应 平衡分子动力学 非平衡分子动力学     

流场中碳纳米管的定向行为

本文使用分子动力学模拟方法,研究了单根碳纳米管在线性剪切流场中的定向行为,选用Lennard-Jones势能函数描述的氩作为流体介质。发现碳纳米管偏向沿与流动方向呈一个微小夹角的方向取向,可以由此定义三种随时间变化的定向行为,分别定义为"完全定向"(碳纳米管在一个取向附近微小摆动)、"间断定向"(碳纳米管在完全定向中的摆动会不时被360°转动打断)以及"无法定向"(碳纳米管的运动以360°转动为主).研究发现,碳纳米管的定向行为取决于流体剪切率、密度、温度和碳纳米管管长、管径等因素。     

氩-碳-硅等离子体热力学性质和输运系数计算

计算了广温度范围(300—30000 K)和广压力范围(0.1—10 atm, 1 atm=101.325 k Pa)下,不同混合物比例、碳和硅蒸气浓度的局域热力学平衡(LTE)和化学平衡(LCE)的氩-碳-硅等离子体组分、热力学性质和输运系数.等离子体气相平衡组分使用质量作用定律计算,同时凝聚相组分采用相平衡的方法计算.输运系数的计算包括黏度、电导率和热导率,使用拓展到高阶近似的Chapman-Enskog方法.采用文献中较新的数据得到了较为准确的碰撞积分,导出了Ar-C-Si等离子体的输运系数.结果表明,在相变温度以下,凝聚态物种的引入导致Ar-C-Si等离子体的热力学性质、输运系数与纯Ar等离子体接近,在相变温度点则会产生不连续点.压力、碳/硅蒸气浓度和比例对等离子体热力学性质和输运系数具有较大影响.最终计算值与文献数据对比符合良好,有望为氩-碳-硅等离子体传热流动数值模拟提供基础数据.     

流体相互作用力对剪切流动下胶体重构的影响

本文利用布朗动力学和斯托克斯动力学方法对胶体在剪切流动下的重构和断裂过程进行了数值模拟,计算并分析了颗粒间作用势以及流体相互作用力对胶体断裂的临界剪切率的影响。模拟中胶体颗粒间作用势采用了L-J势和Yukawa排斥势的组合模型。模拟结果显示,作用势最大值与最小值的差决定了胶体断裂的临界剪切率,但由于胶体的几何构型(也是作用势的函数)的影响,两者的依存关系是非线性的。布朗动力学方法虽然不包含颗粒间的流体相互作用力,但是与斯托克斯动力学方法的结果比较发现,当颗粒间作用势较强,胶体满足刚性假设时,布朗动力学方法依然能够定性地给出胶体在剪切流动下的断裂规律。     

水基ZnO纳米流体电导和热导性能研究

利用水热法生成了形状规则、粒径均匀的球形ZnO纳米颗粒, 并超声分散于水中, 制备得到稳定的水基ZnO纳米流体. 实验测量水基ZnO纳米流体在体积分数和温度变化时的电导率, 并测试室温下水基ZnO纳米流体在不同体积分数下的热导率. 实验结果表明, ZnO纳米颗粒的添加较大地提高了基液(纯水)的热导率和电导率, 水基ZnO纳米流体的电导率随纳米颗粒体积分数增加呈非线性增加关系, 而电导率随温度变化呈现出拟线性关系; 纳米流体的热导率与纳米颗粒体积分数增加呈近似线性增加关系. 本文在经典Maxwell热导模型和布朗动力学理论的基础上, 同时考虑了吸附层、团聚体和布朗运动等因素对热导率的影响, 提出了热导率修正模型.将修正模型预测值与实验值对比, 结果表明修正模型可以较为准确地计算出纳米流体的热导率. 关键词： 水热法 电导率 热导率 热导模型     

用SPH-MD耦合算法模拟微通道中的液氩流动

本文构造了SPH(光滑粒子动力学)-MD(分子动力学)耦合程序,在不同宽度微通道内,对不同驱动力下的液氩流动进行了模拟计算。结果表明,在通道宽度较窄时,流体速度分布和黏性系数分布均表现出很强的微尺度效应,随着通道宽度增大,这种微尺度效应逐渐减弱,流动特征逐渐接近于宏观Poiseuille流。     

黏弹性流体基铜纳米流体流动与传热实验研究

成功建立了流体流动阻力和换热性能测试实验台,在45℃的流体温度下,对不同铜粒子体积分数和基液浓度的纳米流体在湍流状态下的对流换热特性和流动阻力进行了实验测量。实验结果表明:黏弹性流体基液中添加纳米粒子后,在降低对应基液减阻率的同时能明显增强传热性能.例如,将1.0%体积分数的铜纳米粒子添加到质量分数为6×10~(-4)的基液中所形成的黏弹性流体基纳米流体其综合性能指数K=0.47,表现了很好的传热强化和减阻性能.     

An exact solution of the inelastic Boltzmann equation for the Couette flow with uniform heat flux

In the steady Couette flow of a granular gas the sign of the heat flux gradient is governed by the competition between viscous heating and inelastic cooling. We show from the Boltzmann equation for inelastic Maxwell particles that a special class of states exists where the viscous heating and the inelastic cooling exactly compensate each other at every point, resulting in a uniform heat flux. In this state the (reduced) shear rate is enslaved to the coefficient of restitution α, so that the only free parameter is the (reduced) thermal gradient ϵ. It turns out that the reduced moments of order k are polynomials of degree k−2 in ϵ, with coefficients that are nonlinear functions of α. In particular, the rheological properties (k = 2) are independent of ϵ and coincide exactly with those of the simple shear flow. The heat flux (k = 3) is linear in the thermal gradient (generalized Fourier’s law), but with an effective thermal conductivity differing from the Navier–Stokes one. In addition, a heat flux component parallel to the flow velocity and normal to the thermal gradient exists. The theoretical predictions are validated by comparison with direct Monte Carlo simulations for the same model.     

Thermoelectric transport in holographic quantum matter under shear strain

We study thermoelectric transport under shear strain in two spatial dimensional quantum matter using the holographic duality.General analytic formulae for the DC thermoelectric conductivities subjected to finite shear strain are obtained in terms of black hole horizon data.Off-diagonal terms in the conductivity matrix also appear at zero magnetic field,resembling an emergent electronic nematicity,which cannot nevertheless be identified with the presence of an anomalous Hall effect.For an explici...     

A theoretical study of transport coefficients in benzene vapour

The shear and bulk viscosities, and thermal conductivity, of benzene vapour have been calculated using a realistic interaction potential. Results are reported for the Taxman and Wang Chang-Uhlenbeck theories under the assumptions that internal vibrational states do not contribute to the transport coefficients and that the rotational motion of the molecules can be treated using classical mechanics. Apart from these assumptions the calculations are rigorous, and in particular the solution to the two-particle trajectory problem has not been simplified either by neglecting out-of-plane scattering or by holding the relative orientations of the molecules fixed during a collision. A small, but systematic, difference between results from the Taxman and Wang Chang-Uhlenbeck theories was found and it is suggested that the former theory is more accurate. Good agreement between theory and experiment is readily obtained for the shear viscosity but the corresponding results for the thermal conductivity are in poor agreement. After a correction term is included to allow for energy transfer between rotational and translational states, and the internal vibrational states, the thermal conductivity is also in good agreement with experiment. The results are used to develop an effective pair potential for benzene that is in agreement with experimental values of the shear viscosity, thermal conductivity, and second virial coefficient of the vapour and with the static lattice energy and structure of the solid.     

Color-electric conductivity in a viscous quark-gluon plasma

Several different transport processes, such as heat, momentum, and charge transports, may occur simultaneously in a thermal plasma system. The corresponding transport coefficients are heat conductivity, shear viscosity, and electric conductivity. In the present study, we investigate the color-electric conductivity of the quark-gluon plasma(QGP) in the presence of shear viscosity, focusing on the connection between the charge transport and momentum transport. To achieve this goal, we solve the viscous chromohydrodynamic equations obtained from the QGP kinetic theory associated with the distribution function modified by shear viscosity. According to the solved color fluctuations of hydrodynamic quantities, we obtain the induced color current through which the color-electric conductivity is derived. Numerical analysis shows that the conductivity properties of the QGP are mainly demonstrated by the longitudinal part of the color-electric conductivity. Shear viscosity has an appreciable impact on real and imaginary parts of the color-electric conductivity in some frequency regions.     

纳米孔模板浸润法制备聚乙烯纳米线阵列的热导率的实验研究

采用纳米孔模板润湿技术制备了直径为200 nm的低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)纳米线阵列, 并利用纳秒激光闪光法测量了20—80℃时LDPE纳米线阵列的热导率. 测量得到室温时LDPE纳米线阵列的热导率为2.2 W/mK, 大约比其体材料的热导率高1个数量级, 并且纳米线阵列的热导率随温度的升高略有增加. 忽略纳米线之间的声子散射, 估算得到室温下单根LDPE纳米线的热导率高于5 W/mK. 本文制备LDPE纳米线热导率的提高源自其分子链定向度增加导致的低维导热效应的增强, 纳米线的分子链定向度受工艺过程中流体剪切、振动、分子链迁移运动、 纳米孔约束等几种因素的综合影响.     

Thermophysical effects of carbon nanotubes on MHD flow over a stretching surface

This article is intended for investigating the effects of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and volume fraction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the flow and heat transfer in two lateral directions over a stretching sheet. For this purpose, three types of base fluids specifically water, ethylene glycol and engine oil with single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes are used in the analysis. The convective boundary condition in the presence of CNTs is presented first time and not been explored so far. The transformed nonlinear differential equations are solved by the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method with a shooting technique. The dimensionless velocity and shear stress are obtained in both directions. The dimensionless heat transfer is determined on the surface. Three different models of thermal conductivity are comparable for both CNTs and it is found that the Xue [1] model gives the best approach to guess the superb thermal conductivity in comparison with the Maxwell [2] and Hamilton and Crosser [3] models. And finally, another finding suggests the engine oil provides the highest skin friction and heat transfer rates.     

玻璃钢低温下导热及接触热阻的实验研究

利用稳态法测试了固体复合材料在不同温度下的导热系数及复合材料与铜之间的接触热租。在90K~300K的温度范围内,固体复合材料导热系数随温度的提高而增大,而当温度上升时,接触热阻降低,温度大于100K时,热阻变化较小。     

Low-temperature anisotropy of the thermal conductivity of single-crystal nanofilms and nanowires

The effect of phonon focusing on the phonon transport in single-crystal nanofilms and nanowires is studied in the boundary scattering regime. The dependences of the thermal conductivity and the free path of phonons on the geometric parameters of nanostructures with various elastic energy anisotropies are analyzed for diffuse phonon scattering by boundaries. It is shown that the anisotropies of thermal conductivity for nanostructures made of cubic crystals with positive (LiF, GaAs, Ge, Si, diamond, YAG) and negative (CaF₂, NaCl, YIG) anisotropies of the second-order elastic moduli are qualitatively different for both nanofilms and nanowires. The single-crystal film plane orientations and the heat flow directions that ensure the maximum or minimum thermal conductivity in a film plane are determined for the crystals of both types. The thermal conductivity of nanowires with a square cross section mainly depends on a heat flow direction, and the thermal conductivity of sufficiently wide nanofilms is substantially determined by a film plane orientation.