催化光还原水产氢量子收率测定的研究

前言量子收率的测定是研究光化学和光催化反应的重要手段之一。早在五十年代,C.A.Parker和C.G.Hatchard就对草酸铁钾化学光度计进行了详细的研究,但是把这一方法应用于测量光化学和光催化反应的量子收率,文献中大多不作具体方法的详细报道。本文将介绍催化光还原水产氢量子收率测定的装     

在裂解焦油分离异戊二烯流程中精馏塔的数模计算及验证

在用DMF抽提蒸馏从裂解焦油中分离异戊二烯的流程中,有两个精馏塔,第一精馏塔用以分出比异戊二烯重的组份,称之为脱重塔,第二精馏塔用以分出比异戊二烯轻的组份,称之为脱轻塔。对两个精馏塔都是引用多组份多段分离程序计算。活度系数的计算选用Wilson方程。为节省机时,作了一些假设以简化计算。此外,在计算活度系致时,特性相似的组份合并归成几类,每十次迭代才求一次各板的vγi新值。在计算程序中采用三对角线矩阵进行计算。计算结果与验证试验结果符合较好。对脱重塔来说,常量组份的平均偏差为0.13%,微量组份为1.3ppm。而对脱轻塔则相应为0.053%和1.2ppm。温度的平均偏差则分别为1.55℃和1.53℃。     

离子交换树脂的应用

离子交换剂或所谓离子交换树脂为含有酸性或硷性化学活性结构单位的固态难溶性物质,能以其“荷载”的离子与溶液中的离子进行交换。由于合成的离子交换树脂具有化学活性基团,故它与在工业上应用的和其极近似的非化学活性的合成塑料不同。离子交换剂具有不同直径的毛细管和微孔形成的巨大内表面,高化学稳定性和机械坚固性,它们实际上完全不溶于水、酸、盐和硷的溶液中,也不溶于有机溶剂(醇、醚等)。根据需要,选择不同的合成条件及原料可以合成不同物理性质及化学性质的树脂。依据其化学性质,离子交换剂可分为两类:由酸性     

简易混沌振荡器的混沌特性及其反馈控制电路的设计

研究了一个新的简易混沌振荡电路系统的稳定性和混沌特性,从理论上推导了该混沌振荡电路系统的稳定和混沌的条件,并对该系统进行了精确反馈线性化控制.最后,通过电路仿真实验和硬件实验验证了理论分析的准确性.     

Mechanical Reinforcement and Piezoelectric Properties of PZT Ceramics Embedded with Nano-Crystalline

The double-scale lead zirconate titanate （PZT） piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by the solid state processing with PZT nano-crystalline and micro-powder. The microstructures, electrical and mechanical properties of the double-scale PZT are investigated. All the sintered ceramics exhibit a single perovskite structure and the grain size of the dou ble-scale PZT reduces due to the incorporation of PZT nano-crystalline. Compared to normal PZT, the mechanical properties increase significantly and the piezoelectric properties decrease slightly. Mechanisms responsible for the reinforcement of the double-scale PZT are discussed.     

Dynamic Fracture Toughness and Failure Mechanisms of ZnO Whiskers Secondary Reinforced Composites

Quasi-static and dynamic fracture properties and damage mechanism of glass fiber polymer composites embeaaea with different mass percentages of ZnO whiskers are investigated by using an Instron Testing machine and a Split- Hopkinson pressure bar. According to the experimental results and linear fracture mechanics, the quasi-static fracture toughness Kic and the dynamic fracture toughness Kid under various impact velocities of specimens are obtained. Fracture mechanism is investigated by fractography analysis with a scanning electron microscope. The experimental results show that the mass percentage of ZnOw has little influence on the quasi-static fracture toughness, but a little influence on the dynamic fracture toughness and time of initial fracture point of specimens by the reason of various fracture mechanisms.     

Effect of Interface Nanotexture on Light Extraction of InGaN-Based Green Light Emitting Diodes

We report the enhancement of the light extraction of InGaN-based green light emitting diodes （LEDs） via the interface nanotexturing. The texture consists of high-density nanocraters on the surface of a sapphire substrate with an in situ etching. The width of nanocraters is about 0.5 μm and the depth is around 0.1 μm. It is demonstrated that the LEDs with interface texture exhibit about a 27% improvement in luminance intensity, compared with standard LEDs. High power InGaN-based green LEDs are obtained by using the interface nanotexture. An optical ray-tracing simulation is performed to investigate the effect of interface nanotexture on light extraction.     

First-principles study on the geometric and electronic structures and phase transition of PbZr1-xTixO3 solid solutions

With first-principles virtual-crystal approximation calculations, we systematically investigate the geometric and elec- tronic structures as well as the phase transition of lead zirconate titanate (PbZr1-xTixO3 or PZT) as a function of Ti content for the whole range of 0 ≤ x Ti ≤ 1. It can be found that, with the increase of the Ti content, the PbZr1-xTixO3 solid solu- tions undergo a rhombohedral-to-tetragonal phase transition, which is consistent with the experimental results. In addition, we also show the evolution in geometric and electronic structures of rhombohedral and tetragonal PbZr1-x TixO3 with the increasing content of Ti.     

控温超声提取-高效液相色谱法测定空气PM2.5中16种多环芳烃

剪碎的滤膜经乙腈于35℃超声提取60 min,提取液以12 000r·min~(-1)转速离心10min,采用高效液相色谱法测定上清液中16种多环芳烃的含量。以Agilent Eclipse PAH-C18色谱柱为分离柱,用乙腈和水以不同比例混合的溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,用二极管阵列检测器和荧光检测器测定。16种多环芳烃的质量浓度均在0.02～1.00mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.05～0.25ng·m~(-3)。以空白滤膜为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为87.8%～103%,回收量的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于5.0%。     

氧还原2e-体系电催化剂的研究进展

氧还原(ORR)可分为4e~-体系和2e~-体系.在燃料电池中,O_2经过4e~-体系直接生成H_2O,经过2e~-过程直接产生H_2O_2,H_2O_2可以产生电能,是替代石油或氢气的理想能源载体,而且H_2O_2在实际生活生产中也具有广泛应用.但是,燃料电池中2e~-体系氧还原反应非常缓慢,故开发高效、低成本的氧还原催化剂已成为近年来的研究热点.本文主要综述了近些年氧还原2e~-体系电催化剂的研究进展,并对它们的选择性、活性和稳定性进行深入探讨.最后,对电化学制备H_2O_2的最新进展作了简要总结,并对今后的研究挑战作了展望.