纳升电喷雾毛细管液相色谱-串联质谱鉴定K562细胞株中混合蛋白质

用标准蛋白质混合物建立了一种适用于低丰度混合蛋白质及其异构体分离与鉴定的蛋白质组学方法。通过IPG胶条等电聚焦分离蛋白质,染色后进行混合胶内酶切,采用纳升电喷雾毛细管液相色谱一串联质谱“散弹法（shot-gun）”分析酶切产物,并进行数据库检索鉴定蛋白质。运用该方法从K562细胞株样品中鉴定出14种具有重要功能的蛋白质,部分蛋白质同时在多个条带中出现,可能是异构体。肽段及其碎片离子的平均质量偏差小于0．05U,综合得分大都远远超过有效值。该方法灵敏、准确度高、分辨率高、省时、便于操椎存苍宗罾白甩异构体青而右优势．     

Efficient production of poly-gamma-glutamic acid by Bacillus subtilis ZJU-7

A strain with high poly-gamma-glutamic acid (gamma-PGA) production was isolated from fermented bean curd, a traditional Chinese food. The strain was named Bacillus subtilis ZJU-7 according to 16s rDNA sequencing and its taxonomic characters. The culture conditions for gamma-PGA production were evaluated. The most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources were sucrose and tryptone, respectively. Exogenous L-glutamic acid was necessary for gamma-PGA production, and the production of gamma-PGA increased on the addition of L-glutamic acid to the medium. In the medium containing 60 g/L of sucrose, 60 g/L of tryptone, 80 g/L of L-glutamic acid, and 10 g/L of NaCl, the yield of gamma-PGA reached 54.4 g/L after cultivation at 37 degrees C for 24 h, which was the highest gamma-PGA production compared with values reported in the literature. The average molecular mass of gamma-PGA produced was about 1.24 x 106 Daltons. B. subtilis ZJU-7 is genetically stable and can synthesize levan instead of gamma-PGA without the addition of L-glutamic acid to the medium.     

构元组集损伤断裂模型及其与内聚区模型的比较

结构的响应实质上是材料的响应,宏观结构损伤至断裂的发展过程也是材料性质不断演化的结果.构元组集模型从材料的微观物理变形机制出发,基于对泛函势理论和Cauchy-Born准则,抽象出两种构元:弹簧束构元和体积构元.在微观层次上,结构损伤和断裂的实质都是原子间键合力减弱和丧失的结果,而弹簧束构元是同一方向上的原子键的抽象,因此损伤可以通过弹簧束构元的响应曲线来反映.组集两种构元的响应,建立了材料的弹性损伤本构关系,从而能一致描述材料从弹性到损伤、破坏的发展过程.将构元组集模型的本构关系嵌入ABAQUS的用户材料单元子程序UMAT,实现对结构响应的数值模拟.论文模拟了包含中心预制裂纹三点弯曲梁的裂纹扩展过程,并与内聚区模型比较,给出了内聚区模型所假设的应力-位移关系曲线,并从材料损伤演化的角度对材料裂纹扩展过程做出了物理解释.     

幂指数小于2的无标度网络的性质

很多现实的复杂网络都具有无标度特性,其节点度具有幂律分布的规律。主要讨论幂指数γ<2的无标度网络的性质,指出当γ<2时,网络中最小度的节点数以及网络的平均度都与网络大小N有某种数量关系。通过与γ≥2的无标度网络对比,该类特殊网络呈现出不同的性质和行为,网络的边与节点相比呈现快速增长,具有更大的平均度,网络中有更多的边,网络不再稀疏。     

由电热水袋引发的学生课外探究活动

教师在引导学生探究电热水袋故障这个真实情境的科学问题时,发现温控开关是引起电热水袋故障的主要因素,并深入探究了电热水袋的工作原理。但更重要的是学生在一步步揭开疑团的过程中,不自觉地使用现有知识,超越现有知识,对科学探究有了更深刻的体验和理解。     

Modelling alkali metal emissions in large-eddy simulation of a preheated pulverised-coal turbulent jet flame using tabulated chemistry

The numerical modelling of alkali metal reacting dynamics in turbulent pulverised-coal combustion is discussed using tabulated sodium chemistry in large eddy simulation (LES). A lookup table is constructed from a detailed sodium chemistry mechanism including five sodium species, i.e. Na, NaO, NaO₂, NaOH and Na₂O₂H₂, and 24 elementary reactions. This sodium chemistry table contains four coordinates, i.e. the equivalence ratio, the mass fraction of the sodium element, the gas-phase temperature, and a progress variable. The table is first validated against the detailed sodium chemistry mechanism by zero-dimensional simulations. Then, LES of a turbulent pulverised-coal jet flame is performed and major coal-flame parameters compared against experiments. The chemical percolation devolatilisation (CPD) model and the partially stirred reactor (PaSR) model are employed to predict coal pyrolysis and gas-phase combustion, respectively. The response of the five sodium species in the pulverised-coal jet flame is subsequently examined. Finally, a systematic global sensitivity analysis of the sodium lookup table is performed and the accuracy of the proposed tabulated sodium chemistry approach has been calibrated.     

Probing top-quark couplings indirectly at Higgs factories

We perform a global effective-field-theory analysis to assess the combined precision of Higgs couplings,triple gauge-boson couplings, and top-quark couplings, at future circular e~+e~- colliders, with a focus on runs below the tt production threshold. Deviations in the top-quark sector entering as one-loop corrections are consistently taken into account in the Higgs and diboson processes. We find that future lepton colliders running at center-of-mass energies below the tt production threshold can still provide useful information on top-quark couplings, by measuring virtual top-quark effects. With rate and differential measurements, the indirect individual sensitivity achievable is better than at the high-luminosity LHC. However, strong correlations between the extracted top-quark and Higgs couplings are also present and lead to much weaker global constraints on top-quark couplings. This implies that a direct probe of top-quark couplings above the tt production threshold is also helpful for the determination of Higgs and triple-gauge-boson couplings. In addition, we find that below the e~+e~-→tth production threshold, the top-quark Yukawa coupling can be determined by its loop corrections to all Higgs production and decay channels. Degeneracy with the ggh coupling can be resolved, and even a global limit is competitive with the prospects of a linear collider above the threshold. This provides an additional means of determining the top-quark Yukawa coupling indirectly at lepton colliders.     

一种骨小管中液体流动产生的流量及切应力模型

骨组织受力变形后其内部液体就会流动,同时在其微观结构——骨单元壁中扩散,并进一步产生一系列与骨液流动相关的物理效应,如流体剪切应力、流动电位等,这些物理效应被细胞感知并做出破骨或成骨等反应,来使骨适应外部载荷环境.鉴于骨组织产生的内部液体流动很难实验测定,理论模拟是目前的主要研究手段.基于骨单元的多孔弹性性质建立了骨小管内部液体的流动模型,该模型将骨单元所受的外部载荷与骨小管内部液体的压力、流速、流量和切应力联系起来,并进一步可以研究其力传导与力电传导机制.骨小管模型的建立分别基于中空和考虑哈弗液体的骨单元模型,并考虑了骨单元外壁的弹性约束和刚性位移约束两种边界条件.最终得到骨单元在外部轴向载荷作用下,骨小管内部液体的流量及流体切应力的解析解.结果表明:骨小管中的液体流量与流体切应力都正比于应变载荷幅值和频率,并由载荷的应变率决定.因此应变率可以作为控制流量和流体切应力的一种生理载荷因素.流量随着骨小管半径的增大而非线性增大,而流体切应力则随着骨小管半径的增大而线性增大.此外,在相同的载荷下,含哈弗液体的骨单元的模型中,骨小管中液体的流量和切应力均大于中空骨单元模型.     

飞机撞击建(构)筑物研究进展

飞机撞击重要建(构)筑物会导致灾难性后果。本文从试验研究、理论分析、数值模拟等3个方面对飞机撞击建(构)筑物的国内外研究现状,相关研究难点、需要注意的问题和研究方向及趋势进行总结,包括:缩比试验的系统和验证,飞机撞击力模型,撞击所致局部破坏计算公式,飞机和建(构)筑物的精细化建模,撞击所致振动特性,撞击荷载和火荷载对结构的耦合毁伤效应,一般模型和精细化模型、解耦和耦合方法以及不同数值模拟程序计算结果的对比分析等方面,以期为后续研究提供参考。     

基于无机元素分析对地理标志五常大米鉴别技术的研究

五常大米是我国著名地理标志产品之一,品质高、产量低,导致制假售假的现象严重。为维护五常大米的品牌形象和消费者利益,急需一种有效鉴别五常大米的方法。应用电感耦合等离子体光谱及电感耦合等离子体质谱测定大米中无机元素含量,结合主成分分析(PCA)、Fisher判别、人工神经网络(ANN)对五常大米鉴别模型进行研究。结果表明：PCA法对样品的分类效果较差,采用Fisher判别和ANN则可准确识别五常地区的大米样品和其他地区的大米样品。Fisher判别法对校正集和验证集样品平均准确识别率分别为93.5%,而ANN法对同样的校正集和验证集样品的平均准确识别率为96.4%,优于Fisher判别法。可准确对五常大米进行鉴别,为该产品的地理标志保护提供了一种技术手段。